What is art and its classification? How to understand the specific classification!

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of art

One of the social ideologies. Refers to the art that occupies a certain space and has a visual image for appreciation. Including painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on. And China's calligraphy and seal cutting. The word "art" first appeared in Europe in the17th century, and some people think it officially appeared in the middle of18th century. Modern Japanese paraphrased Chinese characters were introduced to China around the May 4th Movement and began to be widely used. Also known as "plastic arts"

[Edit this paragraph] The main forms of art.

Art is an art that uses material as a medium to create a rather static artistic image that occupies a certain plane or three-dimensional space. It is a social ideology that expresses the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is also a form of production.

Art, also known as plastic arts or visual arts, is the art of using certain material (such as paper, cloth, wood, mud, marble, plastic, etc.). ) Create a visual image with certain space and aesthetic value by means of modeling.

Art covers a wide range. Broadly speaking, it can be roughly divided into two kinds: ornamental art and practical art.

As far as decorative arts are concerned, it mainly includes painting and sculpture. Painting, because of its different materials and tools, can be divided into Chinese painting, oil painting, watercolor painting, gouache painting, printmaking, sketch and other painting types. Sculpture also has various forms such as round carving and relief, and the materials used are stone, wood, mud, gypsum and bronze.

Practical arts also include arts and crafts and architecture. At present, although there are different views on the concept of arts and crafts at home and abroad, according to the usual statement, arts and crafts include traditional handicrafts, modern arts and crafts and commercial arts. Jade carving, tooth carving, lacquerware, metal handicrafts and other traditional handicrafts. Modern industrial art (or "industrial design") includes all applicable and beautiful daily necessities (such as cloth, ceramics, glassware, furniture, carpets, household appliances, etc.). Meet people's growing material and spiritual needs, as well as the modeling and color design of modern vehicles and machinery; Modern commercial art mainly refers to commodity signs, packaging and decoration and commercial advertisements. The reason why architecture also belongs to the category of fine arts is determined by the duality of technology, science and art contained in architecture itself. Any building always stands on the earth as a material structure with a certain spatial form, which inevitably has a problem of whether the form is beautiful or not. In this sense, architecture, like sculpture, is a very figurative plastic arts.

Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on, which are carried out in space and express and appeal to human vision. /kloc-When this name was first used in Europe in the 0/7th century, it generally referred to painting, sculpture, literature, music and other things with aesthetic significance. When I began to use this word widely around the May 4th Movement, it also had the meaning equivalent to the whole art. For example, when Lu Xun explained the word "art" in 19 13, he wrote: "Art is a word ... translated from English love. People who love clouds originally came from Greece, and their friendship is art. Soon after, China translated "love" with the word "art", and the word "art" became the name specifically referring to visual arts such as painting.

Art communication refers to the process of transmitting artistic information or works to recipients with the help of certain material media and communication methods.

Art acceptance refers to the active consumption, appreciation and criticism activities based on communication, with artistic works as the object and appreciators as the main body.

In the past, from art works to art appreciation, most of them used simple and direct communication methods, and the significance of communication did not attract people's attention. This is mainly due to the limitation of productivity and scientific and technological level, which leads to the backward communication function and fails to have a great impact on artistic activities. In the past century, especially in recent decades, the rapid development of world science and technology has had a great impact on artistic activities. The development of electronic technology, satellite technology, computer technology and other high-tech technologies and their wide application in the field of culture and art have made great progress in the way and function of art communication. It not only makes film and television art become the most popular art style today, but also affects its many forms of expression and communication with other art styles, and the superior function of video technology has been fully reflected. Art communication has shown an increasingly important role and position in the field of contemporary art activities, which has a great influence on the form, scale, speed, cycle and proliferation of works of art, as well as the acceptance mode and appreciation interest of recipients.

The acceptance of art, including the consumption, appreciation and criticism of art, is the purpose of artistic activities and the fundamental way for artists and works of art to finally realize their intrinsic value. The appreciation and criticism activities of art recipients have strong subjective significance, which is not only the aesthetic cognition, interpretation and creation of artistic works, but also the spiritual exchange and dialogue with artists. Art acceptance can also give spiritual feedback to the artist and even the object world, thus realizing the connection between artistic activities and social activities, making artistic activities melt into the grand system of human social activities and play a powerful role in it.

It is a combination of art and philosophy, aesthetics, culturology, sociology, psychology, communication, anthropology, comparative study, art history and other disciplines. From the aspects of the essence, origin, development, creation, appreciation and communication of art, this paper discusses the law of the occurrence and development of human art and its future trend and change. The theoretical and historical research direction of art communication focuses more on mass communication in the field of art, and studies various problems of art as communication information and carrier under the background of new media.

[Edit this paragraph] What does art mainly study?

Mainly study the introduction of art, three major components, Chinese and foreign art research, mass communication and so on.

People use photography, painting and sculpture to express their past lives. Looking at the tasks and scenes in these works, we can often print rich imagination from interesting details and touching stories. A work of art is not a mechanical imitation of nature. When artists reflect and show their lives, they should always integrate their thoughts and emotional attitudes. Excellent artists always pay attention to social life, care for the natural environment and express their individuality in their creations.

Theme: One of the elements of literary and artistic works.

Theme: Basic ideas contained in literary and artistic works.

Changing the scale of things and changing the original spatial position or environment can form a new visual image. Dali's The Edge of Eternal Memory is a successful example.

Chinese knot symbolizes unity, harmony and warm interpersonal relationship.

The famous dancing basin is painted pottery in the Stone Age. The dance pattern painted on the inner wall of the pottery basin reflects one aspect of people's life in primitive society and calls it the call of reason.

Special techniques in painting basically include three kinds: salt spraying, color blowing and oil painting. They are generally used to represent the starry sky.

The sense of movement embodied in works of art is a kind of visual feeling of people. This feeling is controlled and guided by the direction, center of gravity and strength of the body.

[Edit this paragraph] Basic knowledge of art

art

Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on, which are carried out in space and express and appeal to human vision. When this name was first used in Europe in the 17th century, it generally referred to painting, sculpture, literature, music and other things with aesthetic significance. When this word was widely used in China around the May 4th Movement, it also had the meaning equivalent to the whole art. For example, when Lu Xun explained the word "art" in 19 13, he wrote: "Art is a word ... translated from English love. People who love clouds originally came from Greece, and their friendship is art. Soon after, China translated "love" with the word "art", and the word "art" became the name specifically referring to visual arts such as painting.

Modeling expression means

Skills and means of creating artistic images in plastic arts. Such as painting with the help of color, light and shade, lines, anatomy and perspective; Sculpture depends on volume and structure. These techniques and means, through long-term artistic practice, have formed the unique and special artistic language of these plastic arts, which determines the different expression rules of these arts and is related to the success or failure of the plastic arts image and the appeal of artistic works. The artist's constant exploration and improvement of the regularity of modeling expression means is a necessary condition for artistic creation to express new life content and meet people's developing aesthetic hobbies.

golden section

Also known as Huang Jinlv, the golden ratio. On a line segment, the line segment is divided into long segments and short segments according to the optimal length-width ratio, or the optimal ratio of long sides to short sides of a rectangle is formed according to the optimal length-width ratio, that is, the golden section.

two-dimensional space

Painting terminology. Refers to the plane space composed of length (left and right) and height (up and down). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the image, we often use perspective, shading and other modeling methods to create the profound feeling and three-dimensional effect of the image on the plane of the second space, that is, to create the illusion of the three-dimensional space of natural objects with the second space. Some paintings, such as decorative paintings and pattern paintings, do not require strong depth effect, but deliberately pursue the plane meaning of the second space in order to obtain artistic expression.

three-dimensional space

Painting terminology. Refers to the three-dimensional space composed of length (left and right), height (up and down) and depth (depth). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the image, it is necessary to show the three-dimensional sense and depth on the plane.

sense of reality

Painting, sculpture and other plastic arts show the characteristics of various objects in their works through different expression techniques, such as the light and heavy, soft and hard, rough and smooth characteristics of silk, leather, water and stone, which gives people a sense of reality and beauty.

Sense of quantity

With the help of light and shade, color, lines and other modeling factors, express the feelings about the weight, thickness, size and quantity of objects. Such as the solemnity of rocks and the lightness of wind and smoke. All realistic objects in painting are required to convey their unique weight and realism. Using the comparative relationship of quantity, we can produce diverse and unified effects.

sense of space

In painting, according to the principles of geometric perspective and air perspective, the relationship between objects such as distance, level and interpenetration is described, thus conveying a profound sense of three-dimensional space in plane painting.

Sense of volume

Painting terminology. Refers to the visual objects displayed on the painting plane can give people a three-dimensional sense of occupying three-dimensional space. In painting, any visible object is determined by the structure of the object itself, which is composed of blocks with different directions and angles. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the structural characteristics of the object to be painted and analyze its proper relationship in painting in order to achieve a sense of volume.

distant view

Terminology of painting theory. The word "perspective" comes from the Latin word "perspclre". At first, perspective is to look at the scenery through a transparent plane, and accurately draw the scenery on this plane, that is, to form a perspective view of the scenery. Later, according to certain principles, the science of expressing the spatial position, outline and projection of an object with lines is called perspective.

chiaroscuro

Painting terminology. Refers to the brightness change of light, backlight and reflective parts of objects in painting and the expression method of this change. An object has three bright and dark states under illumination, which are called three major surfaces, namely, bright surface, middle surface and dark surface. The light and color of the three major surfaces are generally dark in the middle. The light and shade of the three major surfaces are generally manifested in five basic levels, namely, five tones: ① the bright surface is always illuminated; (2) Gray surface-middle surface, half bright and half dark; (3) the dividing line between the bright part and the dark part; (4) a backlight part on the dark side; ⑤ Reflect the dark and bright parts of a single surface affected by ambient reflection. It has always been the basic method of square painting to describe objects according to the level of light and shade. During the Renaissance, vasari once said in "Biography of Artists": "When painting, after drawing the outline, use shadows to roughly distinguish the light and shade, and then carefully display the light and shade in a single room, so does the bright part." Rembrandt is a master of shadow techniques among European painters.

summary

Terms of plastic arts. Refers to the edge line that defines the range of performance objects. In painting and sculpture, whether the outline is correct is regarded as the key to the success or failure of the work.

composition

Terms of plastic arts. Refers to the structural configuration method of artistic images in works. It is an important means for plastic arts to express the ideological content of works and gain artistic appeal.

colour

One of the important factors of painting. It is a complex phenomenon that various objects absorb and reflect light to varying degrees and act on people's audience. Due to the different textures of objects, the absorption and reflection of various colors of light are different, so everything in the world has formed ever-changing colors.

colour

The qualitative appearance that a color can present. Different colors in nature are infinitely rich, such as purplish red, silver gray and orange yellow.

chrominance

Refers to the inherent lightness of the color itself. For example, among the seven basic colors, purple is the darkest and yellow is the brightest.

colour

Also known as tunes. Under the irradiation of light source color with certain hue and lightness, the surface of the object is shrouded in a unified color tendency and color atmosphere, which is hue.

chroma

Colors have no attributes. Colors are basically divided into warm colors (also called hot colors) and cool colors (also called cool colors). Red, orange and yellow are warm colors, giving people a warm, warm and outgoing feeling; Green, cyan, blue and purple are cool colors, giving people a cold, quiet and shrinking feeling.

brush stroke

Refers to the traces left by the brush when it touches the picture in the process of painting. Although brushwork is a technical factor, it also conveys the artist's artistic personality and accomplishment, so it is also an integral part of the artist's artistic style.

[Edit this paragraph] Art classification

China traditional painting

Chinese painting for short. It refers to China's traditional Chinese painting, which has been formed and developed in China for a long time and has its own unique system in the world art field. It uses brush, ink and Chinese painting pigments to draw on special rice paper or silk. According to the subject matter, it can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and bamboos, birds and animals, insects and fish, palaces and other painting materials. According to the means and techniques of expression, it can be divided into meticulous painting, freehand brushwork, hook, boneless painting, color setting and ink painting. According to the layout style, it can be divided into vertical axis, horizontal volume, album page, sector and other styles. Chinese painting attaches great importance to pen and ink, using lines, ink colors and light and heavy colors to express the physical structure of objective objects through cross-dyeing, dry and wet shading, and yin and yang back; And use the combination of virtual reality and density and "blank space" to achieve ingenious composition effect. The spatial processing of traditional Chinese painting is also relatively free and flexible, that is, you can draw mountains and rivers by "seeing the big and seeing the small"; You can also use the method of "seeing the mountains from horseback" to draw the Wan Li of the Yangtze River. Chinese painting is characterized by "both form and spirit" and "vivid charm", which advocates both "learning from foreign teachers" and "winning the heart in China". Chinese painting also inscribed poems and seals on the screen, integrating poetry, calligraphy and seals.

Western painting

Refers to the western painting, which is different from the traditional painting system in China. Including oil painting, watercolor, gouache, printmaking, pencil drawing and other paintings. Western traditional painting pays attention to realism, expresses the volume, texture and sense of space of objects by perspective and light and shade, and requires the color effect of objects under a certain light source.

oil painting

A painting made on linen, cardboard or wood by mixing pigments and oiliness agents (linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, etc.). Diluents used in painting are turpentine and dried linseed oil. The pigment attached to the picture has strong hardness and can keep luster for a long time after the picture is dried. Oil painting is the main type of western painting.

carve

A kind of "plastic arts". It is the floorboard of two methods: sculpture and plastic. With all kinds of plastic mud or carved wood, stone and other materials, you can make all kinds of images with real substance. Sculptures are generally divided into circular sculptures and relief sculptures. Due to different purposes, it is divided into shelf sculpture, memorial sculpture, decorative sculpture, architectural sculpture and so on.

craft

One of the fine arts. Refers to the production of handicrafts with certain artistic significance, which not only meets the needs of people's material life, but also meets the needs of people's spiritual life. It is the combination of practicality and aesthetics, and the unity of technology and art. Arts and crafts are divided into two categories: ① daily handicrafts. (2) Display technology.

calligraphy

(1) a traditional art in China. ② Chinese character writing method. According to the modeling rules of Chinese characters, China's calligraphy uses stippling to form various forms to express ideas. Regular script, cursive script, running script, official script and seal script (big seal script, small seal script) have all kinds of characters. The basic factor of calligraphy beauty is stippling, followed by stippling. Therefore, it is very important to use a pen in calligraphy. We should master and use the contradictory relations such as lifting, hiding, turning, heaviness, urgency and Fiona Fang, and pay attention to avoiding frivolous fingers. On the whole, the beauty of calligraphy lies in the momentum, rhythm and rhythm between the lines and the artistic conception conveyed. All kinds of books pay attention to the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the structure, expecting to echo; Proper layout and clear organization.

sketch

A form of painting in which objects are mainly represented by monochrome lines and blocks. It is usually used as a means to exercise the basic skills of painting to train the ability to observe and express the shape, structure, light and shade, texture, sense of quantity and space of objective objects. Sketch can also be used as an independent art form for creation. For example, the painter Wang Shikuo's Blood Clothes is an example.

Opaque watercolor painting

A painting made by mixing powdered pigments with water. Gouache is generally opaque in color and has strong hiding ability, so it can be portrayed deeply and carefully. Used properly, it can have both artistic effects of oil painting and watercolor painting.

wall painting

A picture painted on the wall or ceiling of a building. Divided into rough bottom murals, painted murals and pasted murals. Mural painting is one of the oldest forms of painting. Egypt, India and Babylon have preserved many ancient murals. During the Italian Renaissance, mural creation flourished, resulting in many famous works. In China, since the Zhou Dynasty, there has been a mural system in palaces and even tombs. With the prosperity of religious belief, it has been widely used in temples and grottoes (such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Ruicheng Yongle Palace), and a large number of famous Buddhist murals and Taoist murals have been preserved so far. )

Comics; comedian

A kind of painting, also known as cartoon. The word "high-speed painting" comes from Italian Caricare, which means exaggeration. Later, it evolved into the word "cartoon", which refers to a picture with ironic and funny meaning. Through exaggeration, distortion, hypothesis, metaphor, symbol and other means, satirize, criticize (or praise) people and things in real life with humorous and humorous artistic effects.

paint from nature

Traditional terms of Chinese painting. Paintings depicting flowers, trees, birds, animals and other creatures are called sketches. Such as the sketch of rare birds in the Five Dynasties. In the modern common painting language, any description that directly takes the real object and the real scene as the object is collectively called sketch.

sketch

A drawing method that describes the expression, shape, movement and other characteristics of an object briefly with quick and accurate observation and concise lines. It is an important painting method to cultivate the painter's keen observation and quickly grasp the generalization of object characteristics, and it is also an important means to record life and accumulate creative materials.

[Edit this paragraph] The concept and types of art

Art is an art form that shapes a visible plane or three-dimensional image with certain materials to reflect the objective world and express feelings about the objective world. Therefore, art is also called' plastic arts' and' space arts'.

In the classification of art, art is also called plastic art, visual art and space art, which refers to the artistic activities carried out by artists using certain materials, such as color, paper, canvas, clay, stone, wood and metal. Create a visible plane or stereoscopic visual image to reflect the natural and social life and express the artist's thoughts and feelings. Mainly including painting, sculpture, craft, architecture and other types.

draw

Painting is the most important art form in plastic arts. It refers to an art form that uses artistic languages such as lines, colors and modeling to create a static visual image in a two-dimensional space (that is, a plane) through artistic means such as modeling, color setting and composition to express the author's aesthetic feelings. There are many kinds of paintings, which can be divided into different categories from different angles. Geographically, painting can be divided into oriental painting and western painting; From the perspective of tool materials, painting can be divided into ink painting, oil painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, gouache painting and so on. From the subject matter, painting can be divided into figure painting, landscape painting, still life painting, animal painting and so on. From the form of works, painting can be divided into murals, New Year pictures, cartoons, cartoons, posters, illustrations and so on. Different types of painting forms, due to their different historical traditions, have their own unique forms of expression and aesthetic characteristics. Chinese painting, also known as ink painting, has its own system and unique features in the world painting world, and is the mainstream of the oriental painting system. As far as tool materials are concerned, Chinese painting is painted on Xuan paper and silk with brush and ink. It pays attention to pen and ink, focusing on modeling with pen and ink. In the way of expression, Chinese painting adopts scattered perspective method. In the composition of the picture, Chinese painting pays attention to poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing, forming a unique beauty of form and content. Oil painting is the representative of western painting and the most influential painting in the world.

As far as tool materials are concerned, oil painting is painted on cloth, wood or cardboard with oily pigments. In the way of expression, traditional oil painters use focus perspective to paint. In the picture composition, pay attention to the richness of the picture scenery, fill the picture in the natural order, and present the true realm of nature.

carve

Sculpture is an art form, which can use materials to carve and shape a three-dimensional image to express thoughts and feelings. The types of sculpture can be divided from different angles. From the production process, sculpture can be divided into sculpture and plastic. Carving is to cut off and chisel away the redundant parts from a complete and solid blank, such as stone carving, wood carving and jade carving. Plastics are connected by bonding materials to form the required shapes, such as clay sculptures and pottery sculptures. Sculpture can be divided into memorial sculpture, architectural decoration sculpture, urban garden sculpture, religious sculpture, mausoleum sculpture and exhibition sculpture according to the theme. From the form of expression, sculpture can be divided into round carving and relief. The circular sculpture is a three-dimensional sculpture that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from all directions. Relief is a raised artistic image carved on a plane.

craft

Handicraft refers to products with strong aesthetic value after artistic treatment of daily necessities. We generally divide arts and crafts into practical arts and crafts and arts and crafts appreciated by furnishings. Practical arts and crafts are the main body and foundation of the whole arts and crafts, including clothing, food, culture, transportation and use. Practical value is the main value of these arts and crafts, and aesthetic value exists as an auxiliary value. Such handicrafts include decorative tea sets, lamps, wooden furniture, embroidery products, grass and bamboo woven products and so on. Ornamental handicrafts refer to handicrafts mainly used for decoration and appreciation. This kind of handicrafts takes aesthetics as the primary value, and is highly handmade, but its practical value is not obvious or completely disappeared, such as jade, gold and silver jewelry, ivory carving, cloisonne, lacquerware, wall hanging, pottery and so on.

Architectural art

Architecture is the floorboard of buildings and structures. It is an art that human beings use bricks, stones, tiles, wood, iron and other material materials to build or construct internal and external spaces in a fixed geographical position for living and activities. Architectural art refers to the use of the unique artistic language of architectural art, in accordance with the law of beauty, so that the architectural image has cultural and aesthetic value, symbolic and formal beauty, reflecting nationality and sense of the times. According to its functional characteristics, architectural art can be divided into memorial buildings, palaces and tombs, religious buildings, residential buildings, garden buildings and production buildings. Generally speaking, architectural art, like arts and crafts, is an art combining practicality and aesthetics. The essence of architecture is a living place built by human beings for living and activities, so practicality is the primary function of architecture; Only with the development of human practice and the progress of material technology, architecture has more and more aesthetic value.

Thoughts on Introduction to Art and Cultivation of Innovative Thinking Ability

The study of "Introduction to Art" is an important way to strengthen students' artistic theory literacy and improve their artistic theory level. The importance of "Introduction to Art" is the premise and guarantee of doing a good job in teaching this course, and the continuous innovation of teaching methods is the inevitable requirement for students to understand the laws of art and establish a correct view of art.