The important significance of the reform of enterprise management of geosurveying units

The reform of implementing enterprise management of geosurveying units has been carried out for more than ten years, but this time the reform of territorialized management and enterprise operation proposed by the State Council [1999] No.37 is much more profound and important than the original reform, and it can be said that it has an extraordinary significance in the process of geosurveying unit reform:

1. The reform of geosurveying units is driven by the reform of governmental organizations. After the abolition of the former Ministry of Land and Mines, the newly established Ministry of Land and Resources did not have the function of leading the team, which fundamentally cut off the vertical chain of government enterprises and government affairs are not separated. The government management after the localization, but also completely in accordance with the government-enterprise, government affairs division of labor pattern operation, the provincial government does not specifically manage the business and production and operation of the local survey bureau, and thus is a novel management system, both exclude the upper side of the lower side of the intervention, but also exclude the lower side of the upper side of the dependence. This may greatly accelerate the process of corporatization of geosurveying units.

2. The reform of this geological exploration unit is under the condition of separation of public welfare geological work and commercial geological work. The difference between the two types of geological work is: ① public welfare is the operation of funds, used up write-offs, business management; commercial is the operation of investment, used up into the cost of mineral products enterprise management. ② public welfare is the government finance money; commercial enterprises (including state-owned enterprises) funded. ③ public welfare geological results, open to the community, free of charge; commercial geological results, the exclusive use of enterprises, paid transfer. Public welfare geological work is allocated by the government with the plan; commercial geological work is allocated by the market. These four differences determine the implementation of geological exploration units after the enterprise management, geological exploration units can be used in accordance with the rules of the market, you can decide independently of the commercial inputs, no good projects can not do, another plan for another business; geological work for the public welfare, no need to use the base of geological exploration fees, if the contracted geological survey tasks, is entirely a technical labor activities, according to the provisions of the contract, there is to do, not to plan for another business. The first is to be a good example of this.

3. The reform of the geological exploration unit, is the upper (level) and lower (level) together, not under the change on the change. First of all, the Ministry of Land and Resources no longer directly manage commercial geochemical exploration units, this is the reform. Secondly, the Provincial Geological Exploration Bureau should also implement entrepreneurial operation, and together with the subordinate geological exploration units, become an economic entity that is self-managed, self-supporting, self-restricted and self-developing. Bureau of management and interests, to be linked with the results of the affiliated geological exploration units, no longer in the geological exploration units outside the command of entrepreneurship.

4. The reform of the geological exploration unit, its goal is positioned on the enterprise, rather than enterprise management. In this regard, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the "geological survey team management system reform propaganda outline" clearly pointed out that: "entrepreneurial management refers to the geological exploration team in accordance with the principle of government-enterprise (matter) separation, gradually transform the career mechanism, establish and improve the enterprise mechanism, become self-management, self-supporting, self-restraint, self-development of the market entity." "Geological exploration units, as enterprises, are not subject to geographical restrictions, and have the right to go to the whole country and even outside the country to seek operation and development in accordance with the law."

5. This time the reform of the geological exploration units, is in the geological exploration fee delimitation base is no longer changed (policy capital increase, the base of the unified upward, between the units, but also relatively unchanged), but also no longer issued the budget geological exploration task reform. This in itself is a mechanism, a policy. From now on, geological exploration units do a good job, the state will no longer reduce the allocation of geological exploration fees; do not do a good job, the state will no longer increase the allocation of geological exploration fees. That is to say, in the future, deepen the enterprise reform of the geological exploration unit is no longer to reduce the burden on the state, but for their own survival and development, that is, the enterprise management is the need of the geological exploration unit itself.

6. The reform of the geological exploration units, is in a different starting point of the reform. More than ten years ago, the geological exploration unit "three" reform, its starting point in the various exploration units are basically the same. Now, although the preferential policies are basically the same, but after many years of entrepreneurial management, their economic strength, the degree of transformation of the mechanism is very different. This is why each unit of this reform to bear the feeling is different. But the market does not sympathize with the weak, so on the one hand, according to the actual situation of the unit to implement entrepreneurial management; on the other hand, the objectives of the reform, the time frame for achieving the goals and can not lower the requirements. From this point of view, the reform is not to accommodate the backward, each unit has to compete for the upper reaches.

7. The reform of the geological exploration unit will improve the production and operation environment of the geological exploration unit. Because the main business of the geological exploration unit and a variety of business, originally is the local economy, regional economic components, but for a long time due to the management of the articles, binding it and the regional economic links. The localization of management, but fundamentally solve the problem, greatly conducive to the integration of geosurveying units into the regional economy, is an excellent opportunity for development.

These seven characteristics are enough to show that the understanding of the localized management of geological exploration units, enterprise management reform, can not be simply understood as "institutional decentralization", its significance is very far-reaching. In addition, we also need to realize:

(1) in the socialist market economy, engaged in commercial geological work of the geological exploration unit from the cause to enterprise, is the inevitable history, not a comparative choice. Because from the main business engaged in geological exploration units, the market economy divides geological work into public welfare and commercial. Commercial geological work is of course carried out by enterprises, including state-owned enterprises; public welfare geological work, if the owner (or government) to contract, can also be carried out by enterprises. As for geological exploration units engaged in non-geological exploration industry, more is the scope of production and operation of enterprises, such as engineering exploration, basic construction, mining development, mechanical processing and repair, mapping and printing, commercial services. So engaged in commercial activities of the nature of the geological exploration unit is not arbitrary choice, but by the social functions it assumes the decision. In this regard, even if the geological exploration unit is allowed to temporarily retain its business nature is difficult to long, and will eventually have to be transformed into enterprises. Of course, from our subjective desire, the longer the business nature to adhere to the better, the better forever. But this is not the geological exploration unit itself can decide. In this regard, rather than blind optimism, it is better to be prepared. Otherwise, once the change will be difficult to survive and develop.

(2) most of the geological exploration units from the cause of the enterprise, there are unique favorable conditions. Some people, a mention of the matter to enterprise, it is difficult to accept, that there are too many difficulties. In fact, of course, there are difficulties, but more to see favorable conditions. For example: most of the geological exploration units already have a per capita of tens of thousands of yuan of material and technical conditions and mineral resources, real estate resources, with more than a decade of market revenue base (most of the total income of 2/3), the State Council, No. 37 of the policies given to the infrastructure construction of the big horse and the regional economy combined with the opportunity for development, and so on. May I ask, which enterprises and industries in the country, without the burden of funds for retirees, and to the conditions of capital investment to engage in business? If there are such conditions are still afraid to go to the market, but also afraid to compete with other enterprises, is really underestimating themselves. If there are such conditions to engage in business and still complain about the sky, is really sorry for the country's care and the expectations of the majority of workers.

(3) the starting time of the geological exploration unit to enterprise can not wait, to a long time to reach. Therefore, although some people agree with the matter to enterprise, but think that is a long time later. In fact, a long period of time, refers to the process of transition from the institution to the enterprise, in this transition process, only with the enterprise's mechanism to promote, in order to successfully reach. Therefore as the establishment of the enterprise mechanism must be placed at the beginning of the transition period, not at the end of the transition period. Obviously, the general sense of the enterprise, there are three basic conditions: one is self-management, self-sustainable; two is a minimum of capital; three is a relatively stable leading products or services. The transition period for the transformation of the geological exploration units from undertakings to enterprises is precisely to solve the above three problems. The first one is solved by the decentralization of the base amount of the ground exploration fee, plus the conversion of the matter into an enterprise, while the second and the third ones can only be solved after the establishment of the enterprise mechanism and through a long period of self-accumulation and structural adjustment. Therefore, the geological exploration unit of enterprise management can not wait, must start now, as soon as possible to establish the enterprise mechanism, while retaining the "cause" shell.

It is based on the above understanding, the State Council issued [1999] No. 37 issued, the country's exploration units immediately into the practice of enterprise management. Now, after more than two years of efforts, has achieved good results and gained some experience. The following three models, is the embodiment of these experiences.