What are some of the characteristics of Taoist and Buddhist costumes in the Tang Dynasty?

The Taoist costume, can be divided into five parts: Taoist scarf, Taoist crown, Taoist robe, shoes and socks, and jewelry.

First, the Taoist scarf

The Taoist scarf refers to the hat worn by Taoists. It is said that "the road has nine towels", but the name of the nine towels is not fixed. Qing dynasty min small burgundy "qinggui xuanmiao" records of the nine towel, for the Tang towel, rushing and towel, haoran towel, free towel, purple sun towel, a word towel, spandex towel, the three religions towel and nine sun towel. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, there have been many changes, and now the popular nine scarves are; Mixed Towel, Zhuangzi Towel, Pure Yang Towel, Hao Ran Towel, Easy Towel, Lotus Leaf Towel, Sun Towel, One Character Towel, and Wrapped Towel and so on nine kinds of scarves.

Mixed yuan scarf: also known as "crown scarf". Round, hard shell, the top of the hat has a hole, can reveal the hair bun. The upper part of the back is slightly higher, to show the transcendence. Mixed yuan scarf is the most formal turban of Taoism, the provisions of the "crown scarf" ceremony to worship the master after the Taoist priests can wear, and now this restriction is gradually breaking down, without the crown scarf to wear this scarf of the Taoist priests in the minority. Quanzhen school of high power in the holding of the jiao-festival rituals are used in this scarf, and in the exposure of the hair bun above the crown. Zheng Yi school of Taoist today has no hair tradition, in order to facilitate, will be mixed yuan scarf and crown sewn together to wear, some of the top of the hat also folded out the square corner, a variant of the mixed yuan scarf, Taiwan Taoist known as the "net scarf", also known as the "corner of the crown".

Zhuangzi scarf: also known as the "South China scarf". The bottom of the hat is round, the top slope and flat. The top of the hat to the back above the high, to show that the transcendence. Hat in front of the center of the hat decorated with "hat is" (see later introduction). More in the fall and winter weather wear, Taoist priests do not store hair or old hair loss people like to wear this scarf.

Pure Yang Towel: also known as the "Le Tian Towel", "Hua Yang Towel", "Purple Sun Towel", "Nine Yang Towel "or" nine beam scarf ". The bottom of the cap is round, and the top is sloping and flat. The top of the cap rises upward to the back to show that it is beyond the limits of the world. In front of the cap, there are nine beams hanging down, "nine" is the number of pure Yang, representing the meaning of Taoism "nine turns to return to the Dan". Cap in front of the center of the cap is set with the cap. Now the Zheng Yi school of Taoist priests wear this scarf.

Hoon Towel: that is, "wind hat". Inside the cotton flocculent, to protect from the wind and cold. Taoist priests in the north (especially the elderly Taoist priests), winter wind and snow weather can use this scarf.

Getaway scarf: is a square (also round) scarf material, wrapped in a bun on top of the hair, tied with two long sword head belt, known as the getaway scarf. Another is to use the Zhuangzi scarf or pure Yang scarf, decorated with beautiful cloud pattern, the cap is adorned with two long sword head belt, also known as the free scarf (ancient name "Lei scarf"). Young Taoist priests like to wear this scarf, between the action, the belt shaking and tugging, seemingly dashing and free. But some of the old Taoist temple elders believe that wearing this scarf is a loss of dignity, and the abolition of the.

Lotus leaf scarf: shape similar to the Zhuangzi scarf, hat bottom round, top slope and flat. The top of the hat to the back above the high, to show that the transcendence. The hat is set in the center in front of the hat. The hat has a pleat like a lotus leaf, hence the name.

Sun scarf: that is, straw hat or brown hat. Taoist priests working in the hot sun in summer, can wear this scarf. Some Taoist priests in order to distinguish themselves from the community, the top of the hat hollowed out to reveal the bun, or painted on the brim of the bagua, Taiji and other Taoist patterns, or write the name of the Taoist temple where they live.

A scarf: that is, a hair band, each end is decorated with a piece of the cap is, two pieces of the cap is stacked buckle together, can be worn on the head. This is the easiest of all the towels. Taoist regulations, can not enter the temple bald, must wear a Taoist scarf, if no other Taoist scarf, tied on this band can also be replaced.

Turban: also known as "tie scarf". Is a square piece of fabric, four corners decorated with bands, can be strangled on the head. Hat can be decorated in front of the hat, but most do not use the hat. Wrapped scarf is the most informal kind of turban Taoism, the first into the Taoist door has not yet worshipped the master that wear this scarf, some people believe that should not be listed in the nine scarves. The three talents will be": "the scarf ancient lowly service also, the end of the Han Dynasty began to serve as a scholar's clothing." But now some formal Taoist priests also wear this scarf.

Although Taoism has the name "nine towels", but the general Taoist priests only take a few kinds of daily wear. Now the Quanzhen school of Taoist priests daily use of mixed yuan scarf, Zhuangzi scarf and a word scarf, Zhengyi school of Taoist priests use more pure Yang scarf and net scarf.

Two, the crown

The crown refers to the crown worn by Taoist priests. Mostly wooden, plastic products are also available in recent times. According to its different uses, can be divided into five kinds of yellow crown, five Yue crown, star crown, lotus flower crown, five old crown.

Yellow crown: also known as the "crescent crown" or "weir moon crown", commonly known as "crown". Crescent-shaped, the lower edge of the relative two holes, through the wooden hairpin, can be pinned on top of the bun. This is the Quanzhen school of Taoist priests commonly used crowns, crown scarf can wear this after worship. On each end of the crown, there is a nail pinch mark. Legend has it that the ancestor of the Quanzhen Qiu Shiqi when he took charge, the emperor of the Yuan dynasty had given him a piece of gold and a piece of jade, to wear on his head, Qiu Shiqi immediately use Taoist internal energy, mobilize the body of the two real fire in the palm of the gold kneaded into the crescent moon crown, and pinch the jade into a hairpin, pinching the nails to wear on the head, shocked the emperor was dumbfounded, and from now on, Qiu Shiqi become the pinch of gold break the jade of the gold and jade of two rows of the ancestor. Later Quanzhen disciples in order to commemorate Qiu Shiqi, left these two marks on the yellow crown.

Wuyue crown: also known as the "Wuyue true form of the crown" or "Wuyue Lingtu crown". Dipper shape, engraved with "five mountains true shape figure". Received three altar precepts of Taoist priests, can be worn.

Star Crown: also known as the "five buckets of crowns". Over the bucket shape, carved on the east, west, south, north and south of the five dipper pattern. Taoist priests worship bucket when wearing this crown.

Lotus Crown: also known as "on the Qing crown". Shaped like a lotus painting top inserted with Ruyi head. When doing the dojo, Gao Gong wear this crown.

Five old crown: is the crown around the head. No top, lotus petal shape, five lotus petals painted on the "five sides of the five old" image of God. On both sides are two long bands of sword head, with the pattern of the deity or "Taiyi Suffering Relief Heavenly Father" characters. Generally, when doing the almsgiving dojo, Gao Kung wears this crown.

The above various crowns can be worn only when participating in religious activities, and must be removed on other informal occasions.

Three, the robe

The robe refers to the robes worn by Taoists outside. It can be divided into six kinds of coats, to get Luo, precepts, vestments, flower clothes, cassock and so on.

The lab coat: large lapel, long and leg wrist, sleeve width of one foot four inches, sleeve length with the body. It is the most common kind of robe, Taoist daily wear. Another knee-length, known as "in the coat". Nowadays, most of them have narrow sleeves to facilitate daily work. They are all blue in color, which represents the meaning of the Law of Heaven. The Ming Dynasty canon says, "Taoist priests always wear blue.

Deruo: blue, large lapel, the length of the legs and wrists, sleeve width of more than one foot eight inches, sleeve length with. After the crown scarf to become a formal Taoist priest, you can use this garment, for the dress to participate in religious activities.

Precepts: yellow, large lapel, long to the legs and wrists, sleeve width of more than 2 feet 4 inches, sleeve length with. Yellow belongs to the earth, the earth can fertilize all things, the precepts using yellow, in addition to showing the solemnity of the other, implying that "the Taoist transformation of all things, the praise of the fertilization of the" meaning. Only ordained Taoist priests can wear this garment. Once upon a time, there were "three coats" for Taoist priests who received the first true precepts, the middle extreme precepts, and the great precepts of the Heavenly Immortal to wear. Nowadays, the precepts are given at one time, so only this kind of precepts are used.

Vestments: also known as "Tian Xian Dong Yi". To the lapel, the length of the calf, sleeveless cloak, sleeve length with the body. On the gold and silver embroidered various auspicious Taoist patterns, such as Yu Luo Xiao Taiwan, the sun, moon and stars, gossip, pagodas, dragons and phoenixes, cranes, unicorns and so on. Held a large jiao-festival ceremony, the dojo is the main high Gong wearing this garment. The abbot wears this garment when holding grand ceremonies, and it is purple in color. Rumor has it that Laozi, the founder of Taoism, rode a bull out of the gate when the "purple gas to the east", so the Taoist religion revered the purple Taoist clothes. Since the Tang and Song emperors, but also more to give the famous Taoist high true to the purple Taoist clothes.

Flower clothes: also known as "Ban Yi". Also belongs to the vestments. Lapel, calf-length, sleeveless cloak, sleeve length with the body. There are also a variety of embroidery patterns, but more than the Tianxian cave clothes seem simple, held a large jiao-festival rituals, the master of the scriptures with this garment. There are also red or yellow without pattern, for the general dojo scribe to wear, known as the "war clothes".

The cassock: also known as "cassock head". Large lapel, long and calf. Many layers of coarse cloth sewing, looks clumsy and heavy. In the past, the Taoist priests who traveled in the cloud meditated in the wilderness and used it to protect themselves from the wind and cold. Today, most of the Taoist priests are no longer used, a few Taoist priests still keep the cassock which has been passed down from generation to generation in the past.

The above garments, all take fat and loose, in order to symbolize the meaning of hiding Qiankun, cut off the dust. And take the straight collar, to show that the dashing scattered.

Four, shoes and socks

The shoes and socks worn by Taoists, there are several common styles.

Round mouth shoes: black, deep mouth, round mouth. They are worn by general Taoist priests on a daily basis.

Double-faced shoes: black, round mouth, the face of the shoe in the middle of the two protruding beams, the face of the shoe is divided into two, so the name. Some also in the upper part of the shoe decorated with cloud head pattern, appearing out of the ordinary. This is a more formal kind of Taoist shoes.

Ten square shoes: the mouth of the shoe is round, the upper for the black and white bar pattern. There is also a kind of, is in the top of the shoe between the holes, suitable for summer wear.

Hemp shoes: ancient cloud "Cui" or "hemp shoes". It is a shoe made of hemp rope, suitable for summer or rainy weather. Nowadays, it is rare to see people wearing this kind of shoes.

The above shoes are not strictly regulated in Taoism. Nowadays, Taoist priests also wear cloth shoes or sneakers sold in the society.

Cloud shoes: also called "morning shoes". The sole is thicker, and the upper is lined with a cloud pattern. It is worn for the high performance on the altar of the Jiao-festival.

High socks: also known as "high leg socks", commonly known as "white socks". White, socks wrapped to below the knee, with a belt tie. White represents white clouds, symbolizing travel to the heavens. Taoist regulations, you must wear these socks to enter the temple, if not, you must tie your pants to the leg.

In addition, in recent years, the emergence of a "tube socks", belonging to a variant of the high socks, that is, the high socks, socks foot part of the removal of the socks, only the sock barrel part. The appearance is similar to that of a tall sock, which is especially suitable for summer wear.

Fifth, jewelry

Pe jewelry refers to the Taoists wear a variety of ornaments supplies.

Taoist hairpin: commonly known as "hairpin". For the Taoist priests to dish out the use of hair buns. Generally made of boxwood or jade, metal. Strip, slightly curved, there are also straight, some of the back end is also engraved with Taiji, Bagua pattern or gourd shape.

The hat is: mostly made of jade. Square, set in front of the hat in the center. In addition to serving as a decoration, there is also the role of checking whether the Taoist scarf is worn correctly.

Wise Sword: a decoration on the robe. For the two sword-shaped band, sewn in the button part of the robe. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Taoist Lu Dongbin changed the sword art to "a break the trouble, two break the lust, three break the greed and prudence", and the symbolism of the sword is here.

Pai Jian: that is, the Taoist priests wear a sword. The ancient Chinese people had the style of wearing a sword, and the Taoist book Aid Shenqi said, "The ancient scholars all wore swords.

Taoism is mostly male and female swords, and back behind the back. Now the Taoist priests wearing a sword is not common, in addition to the occasional sight of traveling Taoist priests wearing a sword, generally hanging in the room, thought to ward off evil spirits and demons.

Gourd: Li Tiekai of the Eight Immortals with a gourd, which holds the elixir. Taoist priests wear gourd, generally held Taoist pills, to shed medicine to cure the disease of the use of the more common in the cloud traveling Taoist priests.

Fish drum: also known as "fishing drum". Percussion instrument, the end of a long bamboo tube covered with a thin skin, with the hand to beat. Once upon a time, Taoist priests sang songs about Taoist gods and goddesses (i.e., "Taoist feelings"), accompanied by this. Now Taoism has been extinct.

Single dipper: also known as "edge dipper". Is a hardwood carved dipper-shaped vessels. In the past, the traveling Taoist priests must have the thing, outside of the fruits of the meal to hold the use. Today, the Taoist priests have not used this thing.

Dust: is made of wood or metal handle, handle end tied with brown silk or horse tail. Can be used to brush the dust or mosquitoes and flies. Taoist priests hold dust whisks to sweep away the dirt of the mind and calm the body and mind.

Yin and Yang ring: is connected to the two rings, can be held in the hand to turn back and forth, on behalf of the "cycle of yin and yang, week after week" meaning. Generally made of wood or jade. There are also three sets of three rings, known as the "three talent ring" or "three rings over the moon". Elderly Taoist priests especially like to play with this, as the activities of the fingers and wrists.

Buddhist monks clothing and clothing in the family has a clear distinction. This is in addition to the religious reasons, there are historical, regional, ethnic, customs and many other aspects of the reason. Buddhism has been introduced to China for nearly two thousand years, in the Han, Tibet, Dai and other ethnic groups there are different Buddhist system, so the monks of the various ethnic groups are not the same clothing. Especially Han Buddhism, spread for a long time, the region is vast, coupled with the Han clothing in the times of great change, so that affects the Han monks. Their clothing in color and form also became complex, and the difference between the original Indian monks clothing is even greater.

1. Monk dress color

According to the old system of Indian Buddhism, the color of the monk's uniform is strictly regulated.

The Vishnu Sutra, Volume VIII, says: "The bhikkhu's clothes color off, the Buddha listened to the use of ten colors. Ten kinds of color: a mud, two dharma bark, three brahmaputra bark, four non-grass, five dry, six walnut root, seven amole leaves, eight "to go to the" bark, nine Shi Shi Brahmaputra bark, ten kinds of miscellaneous and use of dye. Such are the ten colors that should be dyed. It is the method of purifying the garments with three points, one with mud, the second with green, and the third with uneven colors, and with these three kinds of three-pointed purifying garments."

It is said in Volume 8 of the Sarvastra Vishnu Vishnu Purana that the five upper colors of yellow, red, green and black should not be used for the clothes. There are also pure colors such as yellow-blue, tulip, drop-sand, greenish diaper and all the greens which are not to be worn.

In Volume 15 of the Ten Recitation Laws, it is said that if a bhikkhu receives a new garment, such as a green garment, a clay garment, a chiffon garment, a yellow garment, a red garment, or a white garment, he should use any one of the three colors of green, clay, and chiffon as the color of the garment.

The Mahasamadhi Granth Sutra, Volume 28, says: "A bhikkhu should not be allowed to wear a garment of the upper color, but should be dyed with the root, leaf, flower, bark, or the juice of the lower to the giant mill."

The above text indicates two things: first, the color of the monk's garments is not allowed to use the upper color or pure color; second, all new garments must be dotted with another color in one place, in order to destroy the neatness of the garments' color and avoid greed, which is called "bad color" or "dotting the net".

In the Buddhist legal system, although it is forbidden to use the color, pure color of the monk's clothes, but there are a variety of different colors available to dye the monk's clothes, the most used is the red color. For example, in Volume 2 of the Records of the Western Regions of the Great Tang Dynasty, it is said that Sakyamuni's robe was yellow and red; and in Volume 29 of the Miscellaneous Matters of the Vinaya of the Ministry of All That Is, it is said that the Buddha's aunt, the Great Lord of the World, wore a red-colored monk's robe. In Volume 2 of the Sankhya Rudra Vipasha, it is said that at the time of King Ashoka, the Mahatma Mordecai was wearing a red garment.

After Buddhism was introduced to China, monks still wore red garments. The Hongming ji, citing the Riju lang, says, "Today the Shamans are covered with red cloth." But in a period of time within a small area, the color of the monk's robe had a disorder phenomenon, since the Tang Dynasty, according to the Tang Dynasty, officials of three grades above the purple service provisions, given to the Shamen Falang and other nine purple robe, in the Tang and Song dynasties have been given to the purple robe for the honor of the Shamen. This led to the neglect of the precepts and the arbitrary choice of the color of the robe, which was later corrected. Of course, from the Han Dynasty to the present day, Buddhist monks' robes are still mainly in red, but they are too obsessed with the color "red", and vermilion robes are the most common. It is not known that the red is not allowed in the precepts of the color and pure color, and the ancient Indian monks wearing the red is red and black or red and yellow.

Because of the cold weather in Han, Chinese monks rely only on the robe is not cold. Even the great monks from the west, only robe can not pass the winter, must add other clothes. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there appeared the "Velvet Clothes", which were different from the surplice. Song Zanning, "the great Song monks history" volume on the citation of the "Kao Gong Ji" cloud: "Q: what is the color of the Velvet look? A: purple and light black, not the right color." The black black clothes quickly popular among monks, such as the South - Song Dynasty, Kong Kai called Huilin "black prime minister"; Qi early, Jingzhou Bamboo Grove Temple monk Hui and Xuan Chang is known as the "black two masters".

Li Daoyuan, "Water Scripture Note" Volume VI bundle of water note, called the Taoist medicine generation for "Shao clothing Xixuan of the earth", visible Shao color is the color of the ancient Chinese religious clothing, and therefore Buddhist monks in the regular clothing also choose this color. Buddhism and Taoism are only different in the use of crowns and scarves, the result is that the yellow crown has become the moniker of the Taoist priests, and the Velvet has become the alias of the monks. Later, the number of monks increased, and the number of those who wore Buddhist clothes also increased, so the Taoist priests had to change the color of their clothes. From then on, Velvet became the monastic moniker, and Velvet and White became the symmetry of monks and laymen. However, according to the "monks history", the Northern Zhou Emperor Wu Di prohibited the Salmon service Velvet, so that to change the service yellow, from then on, the color of the monk's regular clothes will be varied up. The development of Chinese culture, in the northern part of the conservative, so at the end of the Tang and early Song Dynasty, and the Ministry of Youzhou also keep the old and still black clothes.

Hongwu early years of the Ming Dynasty, the court formally formulated the color of the monks. Ming "Department of Rites manuscript" cloud: "Hongwu fourteen years order, than the monks and Taoist service color, Zen monks tea brown regular clothes, green taping, five-color robe; speaking monks jade-colored regular clothes, green taping, light-colored red surplice; teaching monks soap regular clothes, black taping, light red surplice." Nowadays, the monks' regular clothes are too much in the colors of brown, yellow, black, and gray, and in the north in yellow-green. In this five-color, and each arbitrary shades of different, has not its certain rules.

2. Monk dress type system

Buddhism was born in the fifth century BC in ancient India, due to doctrine, customs, climate and other reasons, the type of monks only "three clothes" and "five clothes", collectively referred to as vestments. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, the situation was changing, according to the Buddhist system, "allowed to store a hundred and one long things", in addition to the vestments added the regular clothes. Therefore, the type of Chinese monks can be divided into two types of clothing: one is the vestments, monks in the Buddhist ceremony and the puja during the clothing; one is the regular clothes, monks daily wear clothing.

The vestments of a monk are as follows:

Three Clothes The three pieces of monastic clothing worn by a monk are collectively known as the rack slow. The "three garments" are the five-striped garment, the seven-striped garment and the overcoat.

The five garments; called Andhraksha in Sanskrit, which translates as the lower garment, the undergarment, and the center garment. It consists of five pieces of cloth sewn together, each one long and one short, *** counting ten intervals. This garment is lined with the body and worn in the innermost part.

The seven garments, called Yudhurushin in Sanskrit, are translated as the upper garment. It consists of seven pieces of cloth sewn together, each two long and one short,*** counting twenty-one compartments. This garment is worn on top of the five-strip garment.

The coat, called the Sangha garment in Sanskrit, is translated as a doublet, a garment for gathering. It is made of nine to twenty-five strips of cloth. This garment is worn on the outermost part and is the dress of the monks. It must be worn when speaking, meeting with honored elders, entering the king's palace, or begging for alms, so it is called the ancestral garment. This coat is divided into three kinds of nine kinds: the lower three kinds of nine, eleven, thirteen, each two long and one short; middle three kinds of fifteen, seventeen, nineteen, all three long and one short; the upper three kinds of twenty-one, twenty-three, twenty-five, each four long and one short. The number of compartments in a coat varies from twenty-seven for a nine-strip coat to one hundred and twenty-seven for a twenty-five-strip coat. The greater the number of articles and compartments, the more noble the status of the wearer.

The "three garments" are cut and sewn in the shape of rectangular and square paddy fields, and are also known as "tasangyi," "mizuta-yi," and "cut-off-yi. The origin of the field-phase garments is described in the Sangha Law: "When the Buddha lived in Wangshe City, he was walking in front of the emperor's grotto, and saw that the borders of the paddy field were clearly defined, so he said to Ananda, "All the Buddhas of the past were clothed in the same way, and from now on, we will make our garments according to this pattern." The Zeng Hui Jie also says: "The field beds store water to grow the seedlings of the Ka Seedling to nourish the form and life; the field of the Dharma of Clothing is moistened with the water of the Four Benefits, and the seedlings of the Three Goods are increased to nourish the Dharma and the Wisdom of the Body."

The "Three Clothes" is a synthesis of many pieces of cloth, also known as the 100-sleeve coat, sleeve coat, and therefore the monks call themselves sleeve coat people, cassock. According to the Ten Recitation Laws, the sleeve coat is also named after the five sleeve coat: one with the giver coat, the second without the giver coat, the third return coat, the fourth dead people coat, the fifth type of sweeping clothes. It is also said that the Buddha advocated the five-sleeve garment when he first ordained the five bhikkhus. This garment has ten advantages: one in the number of coarse garments, two less sought after, three can sit at will, four can lie down at will, five easy to wash, six fewer worms to spoil, seven easy to dye, eight difficult to spoil, nine more no more garments, and ten do not lose the way to seek the path.

"Three garments" is the robe, originally translated as Gaza, Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, compiled the "Word Garden", the lower part of the additional clothing, changed to the robe. In addition to the above name, according to its religious significance, the robe is also called away from the dye clothing, away from the dust clothing, out of the world clothing, to the dirty clothes, immaculate clothing, lotus clothing, thinning clothing, humiliation armor and so on. Han Chinese monks wear only one of the three robes, which is worn on the outside of the regular clothes. Moreover, only monks who have received the "three great precepts" can wear the seven garments and the ancestral clothes.

The original robe was not fitted with a hook. According to the Fortieth Book of the Four Points of the Law, "When Buddha's disciple, Shariputra, entered the house of the White Clothes, he was afraid that the wind would blow his robe, and it fell to the ground off his shoulders." From this, the Buddha allowed his disciple to wear a hook and button to fasten the robe at the collar of the robe on the left shoulder. Later, it evolved into the Ruyi-shaped hooks and rings.

The Five Clothes

In addition to the Three Clothes, there are two other types of monastic clothing, collectively known as the Five Clothes. One is the monks, meaning the shoulder coat or cover the armpit coat, is a rectangular piece of clothing, bare the right shoulder over the left shoulder to cover the armpits; one is the nirvana monks, meaning "Zen skirt", is tied to the waist of the waist coat, it is like a bath towel around the waist, tucked in the abdomen. These two kinds of clothes are tropical subtropical people's personal clothing, like the modern undershirt pants, which is not in line with China's climate and national habits, Han monks did not use. Why monks wearing clothes for three, five, sewing clothes for five, seven, nine ...... and other odd numbers? Because Buddhism believes that the odd number is Yang, Yang can produce all things, three clothes; nine strips of cloth and so on that can produce all good.

Aman clothes

The Sanskrit name of the mantle, also translated as Aman strips, made of two pieces of cloth. Aman, also translated as Aman strip, through and through without field phase about informal robe, mostly yellowish-brown, Shamans, Shamini not yet received the full precepts to wear, bhikkhu, bhikkhuni can also wear. At home, the Buddha's disciples of yu pasai, yu pasai, can also have a Aman clothes, but in daily life can not wear, only in the Buddha's work, worship, penance can be worn, so it is also known as "rite of repentance clothes".

Lying Ware

In Sanskrit, it is called Nishikantan, which means lying ware, sitting ware, dressing ware, and clothes for sitting, and it is one of the clothes formulated by the Buddha. Its original role, according to the Five Points of the Law: "For the protection of the body, clothing, and monastic bedding, storage of sitting utensils." If traveling on the road, it should be folded long and in the middle to be placed in the garment bag; back to the present dwelling place, it should be laid out and seated. Now, the monks will mainly be used for Buddhist and Dharma rituals, as a ritual to worship the monk used by the dressing, has lost the function of sitting and lying down, it is specifically known as "with". Its size, the legal system provides for "long Buddha two spans of hand, wide a span of hand and a half", now four feet eight inches long, three feet six inches wide. Its material, should use the old cloth or coarse cloth, if you have to use the new cloth, when in the top of the sewing paste a piece of old cloth, in order to destroy its beauty. Nowadays, the "tool" is made of two layers of yellowish-brown cloth folded together, with strips of greenish-colored cloth sewn and pasted on the four sides. This is more beautiful.

The monk's regular clothes are the following:

Haiqing "Haiqing" is the main monks of China's Han Chinese regular clothes, its style for the wide waist and wide sleeves, round neck and square lapel, much fatter than all the clothes, so it is usually called the big robes, square robes, robes for short.

"Haiqing" of the name, according to Ming Zheng Mingxuan, "Blurred Words," Volume 1, said: "Wuzhong dialect said the clothes of the wide-sleeved people called 'Haiqing'. According to Taibai's poem: 'dancing wide-sleeved, like a bird east of the sea.' Covering the East China Sea, there is a handsome cuckoo named Haidongqing, Bai said that the dance of the fluttering wide-sleeved like Haidongqing also." Therefore, the name of the bird was later borrowed as the name of the monk's robe.

"Haidongqing" from China's Han and Tang Dynasty clothing style, although not the Buddha's ancient system, but has long been used for the Buddhist, forming a characteristic of Buddhism. Its collar is made of overlapping three layers of cloth, called the "Three Treasures Collar"; the collar is tied with fifty-three lines of blue lines, a metaphor for the "Good Fortune Child Fifty-Three Senators". The cuffs of the sleeves are sewn together, which is also the difference between the monk's robe and the layman's robe. Haiqing makes the monk's appearance solemn and dignified, and although it is not a vestment, it is the most holy monk's clothing except for the robe. Wear "sea green", mostly in the ritual chanting, listening to the scriptures, meeting guests, deliberations, as well as to meet the elders and other important occasions.

The color of the "sea green", according to the traditional habits of the temple, ordinary monks to green-gray, magnolia-based, the Elder Masters to yellow-brown-based.

Shirt, coat

Buddhist jungle temples since the Tang Dynasty, the hundred abbot Zen master advocated the system of agriculture and Zen, monks have to "out of the" slope "or to participate in the temple chores, wearing a" sea green "is not convenient, and so there is a shirt and coat. Shirts and lab coats were introduced. The style of the shirt was made by using the "three treasures collar" and the waist, lapel and sleeves of the cheongsam, and the buttons were placed at the right lapel edge under the armpit. There were long shirts that were as long as the backs of the feet, two shirts that were just above the knees, and short shirts that were not as long as the knees. The style of the kimono is a short, button-down kimono with or without sleeves, with a "three-pole collar. In the 1930s, Master Taixu also advocated a new style of lapel coat, the "Taixu coat", which is now known as the "Luohan coat". The colors of the shirts and lab coats are most commonly gray, brown, and magnolia.

Hat, crown

Monks are bald, generally do not wear a hat. However, in winter or part of the elderly monks, there are many wearing hats. Monk cap is mainly followed by the head of the cap and the small flat cap on the big down, winter, the elderly monks wear cape cap, commonly known as the "Guanyin pocket". Jigong monks wear the kind of front and back of the upturned shape of the "hibiscus cap", now few people wear; another day crown, treasure crown, Vishnu crown and other "crown", the general monks can not wear, only the great masters in the "put flame mouth "Ceremony or a major ceremony to wear.

Shoes, socks

China's Han monks must wear shoes, socks, in the "save repair rules", "monthly track" and other canonical books have a clear regulation. There are three types of shoes: one is the mango shoes, woven with grass, also known as grass shoes. The second is Lohan shoes, made of fabric, with three pieces of cloth sewn firmly to the upper, leaving some square holes in the upper. The third is monk shoes, made of fabric, with a hard beam in the middle of the upper, the whole body without holes. Lohan shoes are mostly gray and brown, and monk shoes are mostly yellowish brown. Socks for long cloth socks, in fact, is our country since the Han and Tang Dynasty style of cloth socks, used to be called Lohan socks. Lohan socks on the knee, trouser holes in the socks, not only can winter cold, summer guard against insects and snakes, and can be solemn and majestic. The color of the socks is mainly gray.