How to write this composition?

In the impression of ordinary people in China, all provinces in China whose names meet the word "west" are synonymous with poverty and backwardness. Isn't it? Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Guangxi! Even Yu Xiansheng, who is well-informed, fixed his understanding on this point of view before he traveled to Shanxi in the future (see "Notes on Mountain Residence" "Shame on Shanxi"). When SARS broke out this year. Unfortunately, Shanxi ranks among the best, and the number of infected people is second only to the capital Beijing and Guangdong, the frontier of opening up. Shanxi people have almost become "unwelcome people" when they go out. Not only that, Shanxi people seem to be "different" or "different" people. In the national strategy of promoting the development of the western region, Shanxi people find themselves neither a developed and advanced province in the east nor a key province in the west. As a result, there is a self-deprecating saying: "It's not a thing", which is used to express the embarrassing mentality. The author went out to attend an academic conference and talked with old and new friends after dinner. From time to time, someone jokingly asks, what's wrong with Shanxi in your place? Always moving against the development trend, people are "sweeping pornography", while Shanxi is "diverting the Yellow River" (referring to Wanjiazhai Yellow River Water Conservancy Project), and everyone is seeking novelty and novelty, but the first expressway built in Shanxi is called "Taijiu Road", which is not too disappointing. Of course, this is ridicule, don't care.

So, is there any difference between Shanxi people's way of thinking and behavior? I remember when I first arrived in Shanxi more than 40 years ago, a friend told me that this was "Daoxiao Noodles, like a belt; Tricycle, take a step back ... "Yes, the author has been to many places at home and abroad, and tasted many north-south pasta and western food, but Daoxiao Noodles is really unique. Even though there are many kinds of spaghetti, such a rich Daoxiao Noodles is unique. I have also observed tricycles on the streets of cities such as Taiyuan, Shanxi, and it is indeed retrogressive. At the start, they stepped back to push forward. Then, through these fragmentary appearances, can it be explained that Shanxi people are indeed a special group with primitive thinking?

The social evaluation of Shanxi people is varied and varied.

Some people say that Shanxi people are atmospheric. Weddings and funerals, big banquets; Interpersonal communication, big bags of gifts. Although Shanxi people's wallets have stopped bulging these years, they are still comprehensive in manners. Some people say that Shanxi people are stingy. Wearing "rustic" is not fashionable; Simple diet, no pasta. Although there are many varieties of pasta and limited seasonings, vinegar can't be left in an instant. Millet porridge is essential in the morning and evening. People in the city still drink a little milk, but it is still not popular.

Some people say that Shanxi has outstanding talents. Throughout the urban and rural areas of Shanxi, many Shanxi people can name a bunch of glorious names: the only female emperor (Yu) in China history, Wu Zetian, General Xue He, famous poets, Wang Wei and Wang Zhihuan, literary masters Liu Zongyuan, Guan Hanqing and Luo Guanzhong, and historical master Sima Guang ... But some people say that Shanxi lacks talents. Up to now, among the academicians of the "two academies" (Academy of Sciences and Academy of Engineering) with more than thousands of people, none of the universities and scientific research institutions in Shanxi have been selected, which is an embarrassing blank. Shanxi has no first-class institutions of higher learning and international academic masters. ...

Some people say that Shanxi people are smart and can do business in the world. In history, Shanxi merchants are the greatest businessmen in the world. Shanxi merchants in the legendary swordsman, Ming and Qing Dynasties were as famous as Huizhou merchants in the south. They do business all over the country and go abroad, so they are rich. The national finance of the Qing Dynasty had to rely on subsidies from Shanxi people. It is also said that Shanxi people are timid and have poor professional ability. No state-owned or private enterprise in contemporary Shanxi stands out and enjoys a high reputation in the whole country, let alone going abroad to participate in world competition. What's more, contemporary Shanxi people choke water again and again in the battle of business and sea. Isn't it? The "bamboo shoots" (TV sets) that Shanxi people had high hopes for in striving for famous brands died a few years ago, and the "Haitang" (washing machine) has also withered recently. Even the well-known and mellow "aged vinegar" looks senile and crumbling, losing to the Jiangnan powerhouse "Zhenjiang balsamic vinegar" in the domestic and international markets. Let's take a look at Guilingji and Dingkundan, which have a long history and are well-known at home and abroad. They are the favorite Chinese medicines of overseas Chinese. They used to be the pride of Shanxi people, but what about their market share now? Enterprises that produce these two products don't know whether they are holding the mentality of "silence is golden" or clinging to shortcomings. They are indifferent to the market tide, silent in the media, watching the deer turtle wine and Baixiaodan advance step by step and devour the market.

What's wrong with Shanxi people?

In the dazzling contrast and contrast, in the intersection of historical glory and reality, in the overlapping of confusing phenomena and essence, how should we treat Shanxi people?

There is a famous European proverb: Character decides fate.

The author believes that this sentence is applicable to both individuals and groups, such as Shanxi people. Shanxi people have gradually formed their own distinctive character in a specific historical process and in a unique geographical environment. After more than 40 years of communication, observation and thinking with colleagues and friends in Shanxi, and in the process of revisiting the two masterpieces of General History of Shanxi and Historical Records of Shanxi, when reading the works of Shanxi literati at night, the author's mind more and more clearly shows his views on the personality characteristics of Shanxi people: Shanxi people have the dual nature of extroversion and introversion. This duality sometimes seems to go hand in hand and inseparable; Sometimes it is at arm's length, or hidden or present. The ups and downs of Shanxi people in history and reality are all related to the duality of this character.

Do you believe it or not?

Let's trace back to history, explore geography, observe reality, compare literature, explore the character of Shanxi people and see if we can find the answer.

Literary reflection of Shanxi people's character

As early as 100 years ago, Gorky, a great Russian literary master, once said that literature is a study of human beings. Yes, literature is a mirror of the soul and a reflection of personality.

Looking at the works of Shanxi writers at night, I suddenly found that the duality of Shanxi people's extroversion and introversion has been transformed into the duality of boldness, openness and nuance in literary works. This duality often appears in the same author, and sometimes even in the same work. Do you find it strange?

First, let's look at poetry.

The ancients said: Poetry expresses ambition. Poetry is an excellent form to express people's feelings and wishes, and it is also a concentrated expression of personality.

The Book of Songs, China's first collection of poems, shows the duality of boldness and meticulousness in Shanxi people's character. There are many articles about Feng Wei in The Book of Songs. Wei was in the south of Shanxi at that time, and Feng Wei was a folk song in the south of Shanxi. There are two famous poems in Feng Wei, cutting Tan and Shuo Shu. The former, with the tone of a laborer chopping sandalwood, severely criticized and sharply satirized the slave owners who lived a luxurious life of "no ploughing and no hunting" in the environment of "rippling rivers" and during the intermission of chopping sandalwood. Criticism expresses the boldness of Shanxi people who dare to be angry and dare not speak, while satire shows Shanxi people's meticulous humor, which is very vivid to read. As a farmer who was brutally exploited and unable to live in the same place, the latter conveyed his thoughts and feelings of fleeing from the local area and looking for another "paradise". He called the slave owners who squeezed farmers and ate his millet, wheat and seedlings "Shuo", which was vivid and profound. This shows that Shanxi people have strong resistance and rich imagination, and are generous and meticulous, even in difficult and difficult living conditions.

The Chile Song, which was written in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and included in Yuefu poetry collection, is also a product of Shanxi. With concise techniques and grand momentum, it outlines the vast grassland scenery in the northwest of the birth boundary mountain: "Chilechuan, under the Yinshan Mountain. The sky is like the sky, and the cage covers four fields. The sky is wild, and the wind and grass are moving to see cattle and sheep. " There are still many details in Generosity, such as the description of the situation of cattle and sheep.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's poetry, and a large number of great poets with eternal fame emerged in Shanxi. Among them, Wang Wei is the best representative of the duality of Shanxi people. He wrote frontier poems with great momentum and broad artistic conception, such as "Zheng Peng leaves Hansel and geese return to the lake." The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river falls in yen. His pastoral poems are beautiful, meaningful, beautiful and elegant, such as "the trees of thousands of valleys reach the sky and the cuckoos of thousands of peaks crow". Moreover, after a night in Shan Yu, hundreds of silk-like "Kaka" came from every peak, and the empty mountain after the rain stood in the autumn evening. Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream. "These poems fully show the euphemistic and meticulous side of Shanxi people's character. His farewell poem "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi": "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored. I advise you to drink more wine. It makes no sense to go to Yangguan in the west. " Show the deep feelings of parting to the fullest. His "Acacia" is a love confession of young men and women in ancient and modern times, which has been passed down to this day.

The poems of another group of Shanxi great poets highlight the bold side of Shanxi people's character. For example, Wang Zhihuan's "In the Lodge of Herons" said: "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " There is a saying in William Wang's Liangzhou Ci: "If you want to drink pipa, you should immediately urge it. Drunk in the battlefield, you don't laugh, and you have fought several wars in ancient times. " These poems are the true feelings of Shanxi people's deep and open hearts, inspiring people.

The works of Wen, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, show the subtle and graceful side of Shanxi people's character. For example, "Maodian crows, the frost on the bridge is abandoned", "Ruyan Liu on the river, geese flying under the moon". Scenes blend, "meaning" and "image" are good, very delicate, vivid and fresh.

Secondly, read prose.

As the ancients said, writing is like a man.

Liu Zongyuan, a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), is known as Liu Hedong, a political reformer in the Tang Dynasty and a famous literary master in China. Open-minded and innovative. Politically, he participated in the "Yongzhen Innovation" that attacked the vassal regions and eunuchs' ultra vires. In literature, he opposed the vague and decadent style of writing since the Six Dynasties and advocated the simple and vigorous ancient prose movement. Although he was hit by relegation, physically and mentally destroyed and died young, he always insisted on his innovative political and literary ideas. Liu Zongyuan's personality vividly shows the personality characteristics of Shanxi people. On the one hand, his pioneering and innovative spirit has not been worn away by hard and bumpy life experiences. "Although rejected by everyone, it is nothing more than the heart", which is his inner confession. He wrote political articles such as Feudalism, Six Contradictions and Heaven, and expounded his political beliefs. On the other hand, his poems are "tender and affectionate", his essays, especially Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, are simple and elegant, while Qian's fables such as Donkey and Eternal Mouse are humorous and humorous, which is a model of perfect unity of content and form, and strongly shows his delicate and graceful character.

Let's talk about drama

The ancients said that life is like a stage, and the stage is like life.

In Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing was born in Xiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) and was the most outstanding master of drama in ancient China. His character also has the dual characteristics of boldness and delicacy of Shanxi people. He claimed to be "a copper pea that is not rotten, raw, flat, fried or noisy." Dou Eyuan, his most famous masterpiece, expresses his generous elegy and generous spirit of whipping reality by describing the story of a weak woman who was wronged to death. His Sanqu is delicate and touching, euphemistically moving, such as "Drunk East Wind", which describes a lover's farewell: "The moon is far away, and the flowers disappear in an instant. Holding the farewell cup with tears in my eyes. It's just that you will take care of yourself and have a good rest. It's too painful for people to give up, so that those who leave can look forward to the future of Wan Li. "

Let's take a look at this novel again.

Nowadays, novels are the reflection and refraction of social life, and their characters and plots not only reflect the aesthetic taste of the creators, but also incorporate their personality characteristics.

As the saying goes. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a historical novel by Luo Guanzhong, a native of Taiyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, is one of China's four classical literary masterpieces, and its bold and cheerful personality and delicate and vivid duality are also well reflected in the novel. Look at the frontispiece of Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes. Success or failure has turned empty, the green hills are still there, and the sunset is a few degrees red. The white-haired hermit by the river has long been used to the changes of time. A pot of turbid wine is happy to meet, and many things in ancient and modern times are paid in a joke.

The connotation of this word is powerful and profound, and the ideological penetration is sharp and in-depth, which fully expresses the bold side of his character. At the same time, his descriptions of people and things in the book are nuanced, short and pithy, vivid and vivid, such as Jiang Gan stealing books, borrowing arrows from grass boats, missing street pavilions, Huarong Road and so on.

Historical interpretation of Shanxi people's character

If literature is only a reflection and refraction of Shanxi people's mentality and character, it is not historical authenticity. Then, let us explore the authenticity of the duality of Shanxi people through the dust and fog of history.

Over the years, due to the relatively backward social and economic development in Shanxi, the image of Shanxi people is not high, the mood is not good, and the tangible and intangible sense of oppression is lingering. When traveling on business or in the capital, it often happens that some Beijingers are cocky and have a bird's eye view of the flow of people in Shanxi, showing indifference, which makes Shanxi people feel dejected and unwilling to stay in Beijing. In fact, the Beijingers you meet on the street or at work may not be authentic Beijingers, but the real Beijingers are probably the old people living in the hutongs to be demolished or the farmers in the suburbs. People from New Beijing have probably come from other provinces in recent years. The special status of the capital makes some of them dizzy and lack introspection under the aura of superiority. It seems that they are superior to mainlanders. Then how about going to Shanghai? There are often scenes like this: in recent years, Shanghainese with bulging wallets are well dressed and commanding, and often look at foreigners from head to toe with disdain and even suspicion, making the "rustic" Shanxi people uncomfortable and even ashamed, and even stuttering. What makes Shanxi people comfort themselves and even be proud of is a passage widely circulated in the society in recent years. It is a quip to the history of Chinese civilization: Shenzhen in recent 20 years, Shanghai 100, Beijing 1000, Shaanxi in 2000 and Shanxi in 3000!

Why do Shanxi people love this passage so much? Because this passage objectively makes Shanxi people face and sulk. But from the perspective of social psychology, any nostalgia, nostalgia for the glory of the past and looking back on the past is an introverted social mentality, not a pioneering and innovative spirit. This just highlights the introverted side of Shanxi people's mentality and personality. However, then again, Shanxi people are really extroverted and pioneering in history, and introversion and self-discipline are secondary. History has fully proved this point.

In fact, Shanxi is not only one of the main cradles of Chinese civilization and one of the earliest developed provinces, but also the place where ancient people in China lived and multiplied.

In the history of human evolution, Shanxi ancestors have been working hard and pioneering, which can be called the source of Chinese civilization. The Paleolithic human site discovered in Xihoudu, Ruicheng County, southern Shanxi Province, is about 6.5438+0.8 million years ago. At that time, the people of Xihoudu had learned to make stone tools and use fire, and took the first step to distinguish apes from apes. The earliest early Homo sapiens fossils in China were found in the Ding Cun site in Xiangfen County, which is an intermediate evolutionary link between Beijingers and modern people and has the physical characteristics of modern yellow people. Ding Cun's cultural remains are endless and radiate all around, which is the first case of ancient civilization in China in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It can be seen that Shanxi is an important birthplace of human beings in China and one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, which is precious.

During the legendary Yao, Shun and Yu periods of more than 2,000 years BC, that is, the initial period of Chinese civilization, there were many vivid legends and archaeological sites in southern Shanxi. As stated in the introduction of Historical Records of Shanxi Province, mainly compiled by the History Department of Shanxi University: "In the process of China's transformation from primitive society to civilized society, Shanxi ancestors made great contributions again."

During the long feudal period, Shanxi was one of the most prosperous and economically and culturally developed areas in northern China. There are many talented people in Shanxi, and the stars shine, and a large number of politicians, strategists, thinkers, writers and historians have emerged ... The pioneering spirit of Shanxi people has been greatly exerted, which is highlighted in the indomitable entrepreneurial ability and the ability to accept rivers.

In terms of entrepreneurial ability, Shanxi people are really excellent, which is fully reflected in some outstanding historical figures. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, after 19 years of hard struggle, Jin Wengong and Zhong Er made great efforts to reform, defeated the powerful neighboring country Chu, and finally became the hegemon. Zhao Haoqi Wuling (Yong) dared to break away from the Han nationality's inherent thinking mode and etiquette system, learned from the military superiority of the northern nomadic people, and ordered the implementation of "Khufu riding and shooting", which not only greatly increased the national strength, but also promoted the development of China's military technology, marking the transition from the automobile war era to the riding and shooting era. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, outstanding military strategists in the Han Dynasty, were successively ordered to conquer the Xiongnu who harassed the western border of China, and finally drove the Xiongnu to the north of the desert, which relieved the threat to China for nearly a hundred years, opened the corridor to the western regions and opened the door to exchanges between China and the West. During the Three Kingdoms period, Guan Yu, the general of Shu, assisted Liu Bei with outstanding military achievements. After Luo Guanzhong's interpretation and beautification of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu, flushed, became a "warrior sage" with vivid image and noble character, and was a household name in China. People praised his "loyalty", as if "loyalty" had become his only character. This is understandable, because China people generally hate "rape" and "cheating". In fact, as a real historical figure, he also has two sides of Shanxi people's character, but the other side is not meticulous, but he is not open-minded, ignorant of strategy, unable to understand the significance of the alliance between Shu and Wu against Cao Wei, and finally ended in tragedy. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fa Xian was a monk, an outstanding translator and traveler. He not only went through hardships, traveled to Wan Li, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, but also wrote a travel book with important academic value, which greatly broadened the geographical vision of ancient China people, translated a large number of Buddhist scriptures, and promoted the cultural exchange between China and the West, integrating pioneering, innovative and meticulous. In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian, whose ancestral home was Wenshui, Shanxi Province, broke through the feudal system centered on male chauvinism with dauntless spirit and became the only empress in the history of China. Regardless of her family background, she expanded talents, reorganized bureaucrats, developed and consolidated the northwest frontier, and opened up a once-interrupted commercial road to Central Asia. Her personality is also dual, and she has done some stupid things and bad things. It can be said that there are flaws and flaws, but there are historical achievements. As a master of China's ancient history, Sima Guang in Song Dynasty's Zi Zhi Tong Jian matches Sima Qian's Historical Records, which is a necessary manual for the supreme rulers of all dynasties. However, his conservative ideological tendency had a certain negative impact on China's social development. Fu Shan was a famous academic master and medical scientist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He didn't want to be an official in the Qing court, showing the character of "lofty aspirations, but like a stone". He followed the progressive trend of thought at that time academically, but his view of history tended to narrow nationalism. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Yu Chenglong was an outstanding politician and served as the governor of Liangjiang River. He has the characteristics of Shanxi people. On the one hand, he is full of pioneering spirit, upright and upright, and dares to make decisions for the people, rectify official management and solve outstanding cases. On the other hand, he is honest and self-disciplined. After his death, what people saw in his room was "nothing but rags and boots". His image as an "honest official" is widely known for his TV series production a few years ago. Xu Jishe was an enlightenment thinker in China in the late Qing Dynasty, one of the pioneers who opened their eyes to see the world, and one of the pioneers who learned from the West after the Opium War. He has served as a senior local official in Fujian and Guangdong for many years, and has carefully studied "Westernization" and the international situation. During the Tongzhi period, he was awarded the "Prime Minister's State Office" and the Prime Minister's Minister of Literature. He was a rare man of insight who was familiar with foreign affairs in China at that time. The ten volumes of Ying Huan Zhi Lue written by him is another masterpiece introducing world geography and the general situation of various countries after Wei Yuan's Chart after the Opium War. More importantly, this book introduces the western bourgeois democratic political system for the first time. In his book, he has two wonderful articles commenting on the founding purposes of Washington and the United States, saying that Washington "did not usurp the title and did not pass it on to future generations, but created a method of recommendation, which is universal in the world. XX (the same word, the horse on the left, the right half of the invasion on the right) is a legacy of three generations, not to say that people are outstanding! " He also said, "The United States of Michigan has no title of prince, does not follow the rules of the times, and pays for public opinion, creating a strange game that has never been seen before. Can Taixi ancient and modern figures not call Washington the first? " In the harsh era of absolute monarchy, he dared to praise the western democratic system. He is not only unique, but also brave, which fully shows the extroverted and pioneering character of Shanxi people. Americans also recognized Xu Jishe's unique insights and agreed to put the China stone tablet engraved with these two paragraphs in the Washington Memorial Tower. Xu Jishe's personality is not only pioneering, but also introverted. He is simple and honest, which is a model of Shanxi people's perfect personality.

If the historical figures listed above are only outstanding individual representatives who embody the pioneering spirit of Shanxi people, then the fearless and enterprising spirit of ordinary Shanxi people as a group is even more commendable, which involves two unique social phenomena in Shanxi history. First, as a settled agricultural nation, China people have always had the ideological tendency of "settling down and moving", that is, they are unwilling to move. However, Shanxi people broke away from convention and there was a phenomenon of large-scale population migration in history. Especially in the early Ming Dynasty, there were a group of Shanxi immigrants who emigrated abroad. Their families and children set out from here and scattered all over the country to make a living, until Fujian and Guangdong. Facing the uncertain future, they bravely embarked on the journey of pursuing a better life, and their scenery is admirable. Isn't this a prominent manifestation of Shanxi people's character and pioneering spirit at home and abroad? Secondly, in the poor and impoverished northwest of Shanxi, young and middle-aged men have long had the custom of "going out" every day. "Mouth" refers to Zhangjiakou, that is, going out of Zhangjiakou to Mongolia or beyond to find a way out of life, working to earn money to support the family and even hope to get rich. They are veritable ancient "wage earners", often leaving for years, and life and death are unpredictable. The sad "Westbound" minor came into being and spread like wildfire through the ages. It not only reflects the feelings of parting and missing, but also entrusts the yearning and expectation for a better life. It should be said that "export" is of course a helpless choice forced by livelihood, but in the final analysis, "westward advancement" is also the embodiment of Shanxi people's indomitable entrepreneurial spirit.

Another highlight of Shanxi people's spirit of opening to the outside world is their ability to integrate. North-central Shanxi has always been in the intersection of Han nationality and northern nomadic people. From the early Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanxi people lived next to Rong Di. Although controversial, it is more about integration. It is in the integration of all ethnic groups that Kim has developed from a small country to a big country. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie and other ethnic groups moved southward one after another, constantly colliding and arguing with the Han regime. With the participation and support of Shanxi people, these ethnic groups established many local governments in Shanxi, and finally the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, ending the chaotic situation of "five lakes and sixteen countries". In the loess desert, the shouts were loud, and the horses and horses went back and forth, and finally they fell silent. Many ethnic groups were lost in the dust of history, leaving only Shanxi people with all ethnic groups in their blood. In this way, Shanxi once again played the role of a national integration base. The world-famous Yungang Grottoes in Datong, excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, are masterpieces of Indian culture, Greek culture and China traditional culture. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, many nationalities such as Shatuo, Qidan, Nuzhen and Mongolia frequently fought and ruled in Shanxi, which not only caused many social and economic damages in Shanxi, but also had a constructive side. It was during this period that the Upper and Lower Huayan Temple and Yingxian Wooden Pagoda in Datong were built. These well-preserved buildings are magnificent and exquisite in structure, and they are the only treasures of ancient buildings in China. Their sculptures, paintings and scriptures bear witness to the history of Chinese civilization. In addition, influenced by the bold singing of these ethnic groups, Shanxi has also become the birthplace of Yuan Zaju's creation and performance, and Guan Hanqing, the chief master of Yuan Zaju, is taking this opportunity to stand out. What's more worth pointing out is that, as stated in the introduction of Historical Records of Shanxi, these ethnic groups gradually sinicized in Shanxi, and formed the concept of China's reunification when they competed for the Central Plains. "They use the identity of the descendants of the Chinese people to promote Hu Hanjia's theory under the banner of the ancestors of China people and foreigners." When they communicate with Japan, Persia (now Iran) and Italy (Roman Empire), they often use China as a disguise. Therefore, Russians and some countries in Central Asia still call China "Khitan". Therefore, Shanxi people's national integration ability is commendable, and it is a great contribution to China's history and culture.