What is the appreciation of the whole poem "Three Chapters on Plum Ridge"?

Overview of the Work

"Plum? Ling? Three Chapters is a poem written by Chen Yi, a member of the Chinese *** Party, when he was under siege by the 46th Division of the Nationalist Party. Although Chen Yi was in a time of danger, his determination to devote himself to the revolution and his confidence in its inevitable victory were unshakable. His revolutionary optimism has become a valuable spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation, inspiring generations of Chinese descendants to work hard and forge ahead for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and has become a vivid teaching material for patriotism education and revolutionary tradition education. Meiling three chapters" poem monument is now built in Danyu County, Meiguan Township, Meishan Village, Huangkeng north of the hillside. Nanxiong, Guangdong Province, a "Meiling three chapters" handwritten poem monument.

(This poem is selected from "Selected Poems of Chen Yi" People's Literature Publishing House, 1977 edition)

Originally

Meiling Three Chapters

Chen Yi

In the winter of 1936, the Meishan Mountain was besieged. I was injured and sick for more than twenty days, and I was worried that I would not be able to get away, so I wrote three poems and left them under my coat. The siege was lifted in a few moments.

[1]

What is the intention today?

There are a lot of difficulties in starting a business.

We are going to the Quantai to recruit our old troops,

and the flags of 100,000 people will kill Yama.

[2]

It has been ten years since the beacon in the south of the country was set,

and the head of the country must be hung at the national gate.

After death, all of you will work hard,

and the news will come as paper money.

[3]

Joining the revolution is the home of the family,

and the blood and rain and the bloody winds are the end of the world.

Justice and benevolence are the order of the day,

Freedom grows everywhere.

Translation

In the winter of 1936, the Meishan guerrilla base was besieged by the enemy. At that time, I was wounded and sick, so I hid in the bushes and grasses for more than 20 days, thinking that this time we probably couldn't break out of the siege, and so I wrote three poems and left them in the bottom of my coat. But soon we were lucky enough to break through the enemy's encirclement again.

[1]

What should I write when I am about to die in defeat? It is not easy for me to create this revolutionary cause after hundreds of battles. This time I will go to the underworld to gather the comrades who have already sacrificed their lives. I will lead 100,000 souls to defeat the Kuomintang rebels!

[2]

The South has been fighting for ten years, and when I die, my head will be hung on the city gates, and those comrades who are still alive will have to work hard and be sure to honor me with news of victory.

[3]

The revolutionaries are at home in every corner of the world, and there should be no end to the storm that smells of blood; today, when they sacrifice their lives for the cause of justice, the reactionaries will surely be defeated, and the beautiful ideal of freedom and happiness will surely be realized.

Notes

Spin: soon.

Quantai: the place where people are buried after death, also refers to the netherworld.

Old Ministry: the former ministry. Here, it refers to the comrades who have sacrificed their lives.

Flag: this refers to the troops. The flag is a kind of banner used for commanding or opening the way in ancient times.

Beacon smoke: the fireworks lit on a high platform for alarm when there was an enemy invasion at the border in ancient times, and later referred to the war fires in general. Here it refers to the revolutionary war in China at that time.

Zhujun: here is the meaning of all comrades. The name "Jun" is a term of respect for people.

The end of the world: the edge, the end of the line.

Take righteousness and become benevolent: to dedicate oneself to the cause of truth or righteousness. Here, it refers to sacrificing one's life for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people. To take, to seek. Righteousness, justice. To accomplish, to fulfill, to achieve. Ren is now used to refer to high morality.

Appreciation

October 1934, the Central Red Army failed in the Fifth Anti-Siege and Suppression Campaign due to the erroneous command of "leftist" adventurism, and the Red Army was forced to make a strategic transfer. Chen Yi was ordered to stay behind because of his injuries and took up the important task of leading the Worker and Peasant Red Army in the revolutionary base area of Jiangxi in the guerrilla war. At that time, the situation was like a black cloud on top of the roof, the enemy was strong and we were weak, and the Gan Nan guerrilla army was surrounded by heavy enemy forces, making the struggle extremely difficult. The "Three Chapters on the Plum Ridge" is a collection of poems of an extinct nature written by Comrade Chen Yi when he was trapped on Plum Mountain and expected to be sacrificed.

The first two lines of the first poem are inverted. The first two lines of the first poem are inverted. As a matter of fact, the order of the poetic meaning should be to first write the cause of revolution is naturally extremely difficult, always have to pay a huge price, and then talk about the mood of the sacrifices that they are facing now. But if you follow the meaning of the poem to write, it seems to be too flat. The poet put "severed head today, such as what" a advance, just like a thunderbolt in the clear sky, a revolutionary facing the sacrifice of the scene at once pushed to the readers in front of the whole group of poems caused a kind of pale and mournful tone. For the readers, it produces a strong effect of concentration and eagerness to read. Besides, this group of poems mainly lies in the lyricism of a revolutionary's heart in the face of sacrifice, not in the description of the difficulties of revolutionary entrepreneurship, so this advance has a focus on the significance. More importantly, the beginning of this poem plays the role of atmosphere and illumination for the whole poem. Therefore, this is an excellent starting line with a sudden beginning and a grandiose atmosphere. The last two lines end with "I am going to Quantai to recruit the old troops, and I am going to kill Yama with 100,000 flags", which is an echo of the previous self-questioning opening line, and it can be said to be a self-answering line as well. However, there is no polemical narrative here at all. Instead, it is a peculiar suspense that graphically demonstrates Chen Yi's infinite loyalty to the cause of revolution and his unswerving devotion to the cause of the revolution, that even if he were to turn into a ghost, he would still lead 100,000 soldiers under the Nine Springs to bury the reactionary rulers completely! This ending sentence is like a long, earth-shattering cry in the empty valley, which is so magnificent and intense that it will make people scream and shout, and it has a great artistic contagious power. A regard for death as a return, righteousness *** the glorious image of the party people, stood upright in front of the reader.

The second song, "Ten Years of Beacon in the South," expresses the sentiment of unfulfilled ambitions, dying with rest, and the encouragement of passion for comrades." "This head must hang towards the national gate. The sentence "This head must be hanging towards the national gate" uses the story of Wu Zixu in the hegemony between Wu and Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period, which creates a strong sense of sadness. The next two lines slow down the tone of the poem. The concluding line, "The news flies as paper money," is particularly exquisite, not only closely echoing the previous poem, but also revealing, from this unexpected imagery, that a ***ist warrior is still full of optimism and firm belief in the cause of revolution in the midst of danger. Lu You, the Song Dynasty poet, left a popular poem to his children on his deathbed: "In death, I know that all things are empty, but in sorrow, I do not see the same in the nine states. On the day when the King's division settles in the Central Plains in the north, I will not forget to tell Naiweng at the family memorial service." If we compare this poem with Chen Yi's poem, Lu You, though he firmly believes in the unification of the country, is sad, but not heroic when we taste the meaning of the poem. Chen Yi's poem, on the other hand, is particularly poignant and y moving.

The third poem, Joining the revolution is home, expresses the poet's frankness of mind in the face of death, and his firm conviction that ****anism will surely triumph. Chen Yi joined the revolution in his early years, and from then on, he became a pioneer in the cause of ***productivism, gallantly advancing in the midst of the enemy's gunfire and rain of bullets, without any hesitation. The hard life of struggle has refined the firm will to revolution, and from the fighting of our comrades in arms, we have been able to realize that we are the first to fight for the cause of revolution. I saw the dawn of victory in the fighting spirit of my comrades." The bloody slaughter of the people by the reactionaries will come to an end one day, the people will be liberated, a bright society will come, and the ideal of ****-productivism will be realized! For the victory of the revolution, what is the life of an individual?" For the sake of the victory of the revolution, what is individual life worth?" This is the final answer to the first self-questioning line: "Righteousness and benevolence are today's events, and freedom grows everywhere in the world". What a great heart, what a heroic spirit!

In Chen Yi's glorious life, more than 20 years were spent in the gunfire and rain of the iron horse and the golden sword, and the three-year guerrilla war in Gannan was, as Chen Yi himself said, "the toughest and the most difficult stage I have ever experienced in the revolutionary struggle", and "The Three Chapters of the Plum Ridge" can be said to be the most representative masterpiece reflecting this stage of history. The Three Chapters of Meiling can be said to be the most representative masterpieces reflecting this historical stage. The poet, with his noble revolutionary sentiments and his heroic mindset of perseverance in the face of danger, has composed this immortal and magnificent poem. The three chapters are compared to the moon in autumn, and the words are accompanied by the star of China. It is like a bright and clear autumn moon hanging in the night sky, and its words are like brilliant stars in the night, which will always inspire people to march forward for the sake of the magnificent *** democracy.

Background

October 1934, the central Red Army in Jiangxi began the Long March, Chen Yi was seriously injured, stayed in Jiangxi as military command. 1935, spring, under the siege of heavy enemy forces, he led the troops to the border of Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces of the oil and Meishan (Meiling Mountains) area to carry out guerrilla warfare. He led his troops to the areas of Yushan and Meishan (two mountains in the Meiling Mountain Range) to carry out guerrilla warfare, and did not leave there until 1937, when the anti-Japanese war broke out in full force. These three poems were written during this period. (See Note 1 on page 5 of Lesson 2 of the Ministry-edited Ninth Grade Lower Language)

About the Poetry Monument

Chen Yi's Poetry Monument of "Three Chapters on the Meiling Mountains" is located on the north side of the hillside of Huangkeng in Meishan Village, Meiguan Township, 12 kilometers southwest of the city of Dayu County. Built in 1997. 1934 Central Red Army main force after the Long March, Chen Yi stayed in the Central Revolutionary strongholds, in the conditions of disparity of enemy forces, adhere to the extremely difficult three-year guerrilla war. 1936 winter, Chen Yi to get rid of the government forces of the siege of the search and suppression, hiding in the rocky walls of the Zaikeng Mangang, Zaikeng, a concave, a shack supported by the moso bamboo, only 1 meter high, an area of only 2 square meters. Sheds covered with vines, a hidden mountain road, detours can be reached. The enemy is close at hand, but did not find. Chen Yi knew it was inevitable, wrote the famous "Meiling three chapters", to show the last pen. Its preface reads: "In the winter of 1936, Meishan was besieged. In the winter of 1936, Meishan was besieged. I was injured and sick for more than twenty days, and I was worried that I would not be able to get away, so I wrote three poems and left them in the bottom of my coat. The siege was lifted." Now in its concave above, built "Meiling three chapter" poem monument, about 1.50 meters high, 2 meters wide, 0.35 meters thick. The base of the monument is about 0.50 meters high and 2.50 meters wide, built of white granite. The monument body is a white jade structure, its font engraving, using gilded ironing. Chen Yi Poetry Monument and Meiguan Monument Forest are linked together, constituting an important cultural landscape on the Meiguan Ancient Stage Road.

In the middle section of the famous Meiguan Ancient Stage Road in Naxiong, Guangdong Province, there is a monument with the handwriting of Handsome Chen Yi's "Three Chapters of the Meiling Mountain"; at the end of August 2003, when Chen Yi's second son, Major General Chen Danhuai, who was a member of the Science and Technology Committee of the General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army, was inspecting the Meiling Mountain, he saw his father's handwriting of the "Three Chapters of the Meiling Mountain", and, with the accompanying personnel, he chanted the poem on the spot.

About the Author

Chen Yi (1901-1972), known as Zhonghong, was a native of Lezhi County, Sichuan Province. He was a proletarian revolutionary, military strategist, diplomat, poet, and one of the founders and leaders of the People's Liberation Army, and joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1923. *** He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1923. He served as the secretary of the Front Enemy Committee of the Fourth Army of the Red Army, the political commissar of the Sixth Army, the commander of the Twenty-second Army, the deputy secretary of the New Fourth Army Branch of the Central Military Commission, the commander, acting commander and commander of the First Detachment of the New Fourth Army, and the commander and political commissar of the Third Field Army. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as Commander of the East China Military Region, Mayor of Shanghai, Second Secretary of the East China Bureau of the Central Authorities and First Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee, Vice Chairman of the Military Commission of the Central Authorities, Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Deputy Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Armed Forces Affairs Committee, Deputy Chairman of the National Defense Commission, and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the Eighth Central Political Bureau of the Central Committee and a member of the Ninth Central Committee of the People's Republic of China, and was awarded the title of People's Republic of China *** and National Yuan Shuangqi in 1955. His main writings were included in Chen Yi's Selected Military Literature and Selected Poems and Words of Chen Yi.