The main content of ancient families' determination to educate.

Abstract: Family education. It has been a form of education since ancient times. For China,

Social influence is far-reaching. The ancient family education culture in China has a long history, and its development reflects the prosperity of ancient culture in China. Therefore, studying the reasons, teaching contents, methods and characteristics of family education in ancient China will help guide our family education today, and excellent educational methods still exist in our educational practice today.

Positive quotation.

Keywords: China ancient family education content, methods, characteristics and significance

Family education, that is, education in the family, usually refers to the education of parents or other elders to their children and grandchildren, and also refers to the interaction between family members. [1 1 China ancient family education has a long history. Since ancient times, it has been a form of education, which has had a profound and lasting impact on the consolidation and development of ancient families in China, the emergence and progress of ancient schools, the formation of national cultural traditions and family ethics, and even on national politics, social stability, production and life.

First, the reasons why China ancient society attached importance to family education.

(a) Political foundation-children are the future source of labor and soldiers.

China ancient society and family attached importance to children. According to written records, it began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, the situation that Zhou Tianzi dominated the whole country had been broken, and the vassal states annexed each other, and the main condition for hegemony was to implement the "agricultural war policy" and enrich Qiang Bing. [2] At this time, labor and soldiers have become an important issue for the rise and fall of the country. The emphasis on children is manifested in the thought and education of "loving children".

In addition, the existence and development of ancient official schools in China are closely related to social and political relations. The frequent changes of dynasties and social unrest made the official school in an unstable state, "the emperor lost his official position." It is common to study abroad. In contrast, family education is more stable, it is not limited to the venue, the education method is stimulating and flexible, and the blood relationship between the coach and the educated ensures the long-term close contact between the two sides. river

(2) Cultural foundation-taking "keeping the family in order" as the fundamental way to govern the country. "Zhouyi? In the hexagrams of "Home", the role of family education in governing the country was mentioned earlier, which mentioned that "teaching begins at home" and "home is the rule of the world". "University" has a cloud: "After self-cultivation, the family will be neat and tidy, and the family will govern the country. When the country is well governed, the world will be at peace. "In ancient China society, being at home was the goal of self-cultivation. It is also the foundation of governing the country. It is the fundamental pursuit of family education in ancient China. Therefore, the relationship between family education in ancient China and class rule in feudal society was established.

(3) Economic base-hereditary heirloom under the natural economic conditions of the family. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the self-sufficient family natural economy with the family as the unit and the combination of agriculture and cottage industry has always occupied a dominant position in ancient China. Therefore, especially in families such as science and technology and traditional workshops, family education is the transmission and inheritance of a family's means of livelihood. Guan Zi once pointed out: "The teaching of his father and brother is not pure. Their children can learn it easily, so they come to the conclusion that the son of a scholar is often a scholar, the son of a farmer is often a farmer, the son of a worker is often a worker and the son of a businessman is often a businessman. Although this conclusion is too absolute, it fully shows that the production and lifestyle of ancient families greatly restricted the development of the younger generation. …

Second, the main contents and methods of ancient family education in China (1) The main contents of ancient family education.

1. Ethical education with "filial piety" as the core.

Confucius Day: "Disciples are filial, leaving school as brothers. In short, they love the masses and treat others well. If they have spare capacity, they will study literature. Thus, emphasizing moral education first and taking "filial piety" as the core is a major feature of ancient family education in China. Cultivate the virtue of filial piety?

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The party's data has only become the need of "keeping the house in order" and the basic quality requirement of "governing the country". In addition, the positive significance of observing the patriarchal clan system is to inherit the family tradition and revitalize the family, so another meaning of filial piety is to ask the younger generation to be self-reliant and self-reliant.

Yao nationality.

2. Infusion of comprehensive knowledge and cultivation of academic skills.

In this respect, it mainly refers to nurturing education and specialized education on this basis. The so-called formative education is the enlightenment education for children, including life skills such as eating, speaking and sewing, basic knowledge such as literacy and counting, and basic etiquette norms such as male and female comity. Secondly, there is further specialized education. In addition to the traditional education of Confucian classics, there are many contents of genealogy, which is the hereditary heirloom we mentioned earlier.

Skills.

3. Put yourself in the position of education.

In ancient China, family education has always attached importance to the determination education of XCJL children, which is considered as the basis of self-cultivation and a powerful driving force for people. In the history of family education in ancient China, many discerning parents also educated their children in the way of doing things. Scholars engaged in farming, while studying and farming, can take the imperial examination to be an official and shine brilliantly; Retreat can force Tian to live and protect his wife; This is really the safest way to live. You can go out and hide. ... in fact, older parents teach their children to read. You don't have to be an official. Mainly to teach him to be a man.

(2) The ways and means of ancient family education.

1. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude and step by step.

Because people's qualifications and temperament are different, their interests and hobbies are also far apart. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and cultivate talents according to the situation of talents. Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, once became an emperor under the guidance of his uncle. If we don't treat them differently, we will inevitably bury talents.

Gradual education appeared very early in China, such as the Western Zhou Dynasty. The aristocratic families in the Zhou Dynasty had a set of procedures for arranging education according to their children's age. Nezer once introduced: "Six years. The number and name of teaching. For seven years, men and women are not at the same table and don't eat. For eight years, I have to be followed and taught by the elderly when I go in and out of the gate and eat impromptu meals. Number of nine-year teaching students. Ten years later, I will go abroad to study as a secretary. "

2. Set an example. Subtle.

Family education in past dynasties emphasized words and deeds, and more was teaching by example. Laozi's so-called "teaching without words" is a subtle education with his own behavior. Yan Zhitui has widely used the method of example demonstration in family education. He believes that parents' words and deeds have a "subtle" influence on children, and most children are unconsciously educated in activities.

3. Discipline and guidance, combining leniency with severity.

People who are good at teaching children are not only admonishing, but also paying attention to persuading and admonishing children in emotional blending. Meng Mu is "broken". Ceng Zi's "killing pigs" is to guide the situation and induce his son to study hard and be a good boy. The combination of exhortation and guidance just reflects the consistency of parents' strictness and kindness.

Of course, the concept of "a dutiful son is born under a stick" must exist in ancient families in China. "If you are angry with your child, you will be scolded if you are young, and you will be scolded if you are old." 8 1 even worse. Will Song Lian in Yuan History? As mentioned in Biography of Wang Mian, "Going home at dusk and forgetting my cow ... My father is angry with me, and I am as good as ever" is regarded as a model of family education. ... this is the product of exerting the exhortation function of parents' authority to the extreme, and our current society does not advocate it.

Third, the characteristics of ancient family education

Ancient family education in China has many characteristics, including many positive and advanced factors, which are worth learning from. At the same time, there are some backward ones.