How to write a good dialogue composition and get high marks in the exam

(Chinese Teaching Newsletter, No.6, 2005, counseling materials for the 8th China Newspaper Cup National Composition Competition for Middle School Students)

Liu Debin

I direct writing.

I. Significance and function of dialogue

Dialogue is the most extensive way for human beings to exchange thoughts and feelings, which refers to the conversation, discussion and debate between two or more people. In China people's activities, "dialogue" has two meanings. On the one hand, the process of reading and writing is a dialogue with others (others, society and even nature). The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education points out that students in grades 7-9 can "appreciate literary works, have their own emotional experience, initially understand the connotation of the works, and gain beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life. The ideological and emotional tendency of the works can be evaluated in connection with the cultural background; Be able to tell his own experience of touching situations and images in his works; Taste the expressive language in the work. " So, this time "personality? In the theme composition counseling of reading, chapters such as "enlightenment", "questioning" and "evaluation and recommendation" all belong to the dialogue category in this broad concept. On the other hand, as far as the composition itself is concerned, dialogue is an expression, even an important literary form: diaries, letters and reading notes are the most basic and free written forms for people to talk to themselves and others (including the author of the book they read and the people and things in the book); Crosstalk, jokes, humor, scripts, etc. It is through dialogue that the work itself is shaped. This chapter mainly discusses the writing methods and skills of "dialogue" as a narrow expression concept.

Although dialogue is ubiquitous in daily life, the knowledge of dialogue is still quite great: first of all, different people say different things, and people with different identities have different tones, words, styles and expressions; Secondly, the same person says different things to different people; Thirdly, even the same person will have different emotions and say different things on different occasions. So through the dialogue of the characters, we can see their identity, relationship, mood, situation and so on.

Let's first look at a dialogue in Shakespeare's Hamlet:

Rosen Glanz: Your Highness, what did you do with that body?

Hamlet: It is dirt, and I still let it go back to the dirt.

Rosen Glanz: Tell us where it is and let's move it to the church.

Hamlet: Don't believe it.

Rosen Glanz: Don't believe what?

Hamlet: Don't believe that I will tell my secret, but I will keep it for you. Besides, a sponge dares to ask me! What should an open prince say to answer?

Rosen Glanz: Do you treat me like a sponge, your highness?

Hamlet: Well, sir, a sponge that absorbs the king's favor, wealth and official titles. But such officials will not show their greatest use to the king until the end; Just like monkeys eat hard shells, their king licks them in his mouth for a long time and then swallows them in one gulp. When he needs what you absorb, he just needs to squeeze you, so sponge, you are a dry thing again.

Rosen Glanz: I don't know what you mean, your highness.

Hamlet: That's good. Let the dirty words be buried in the ears of fools.

In this dialogue, it is easy to see that Hamlet and Rosen Glanz are opposites. What Prince Hamlet said seemed crazy: "It was originally dirt, and I changed it back to dirt." "A sponge dares to ask me!" "Let the swearing be buried in the ears of fools." However, these words contain wit and logic. For example, the clever metaphor about sponge can only be thought of by normal and rational people, which is enough to show that he is playing the fool.

Regarding the role of dialogue, first of all, "words must be done", language is the direct expression of the inner world of the characters, and the thoughts and feelings of the characters are often expressed through the language that conforms to their personality characteristics. For example, writing about Xifeng Wang's appearance means writing about people's voices before writing about his appearance. Xifeng Wang said, "I came late and didn't meet the guests from afar!" It's really sound. Polite on the surface, but full of pride inside.

Secondly, dialogue can further depict the characters' personalities and show their faces and hearts to the fullest. Hamlet told the metaphor of sponge to tell Rosen Glanz not to be a lackey of the bad king and not to be used by the bad king. Rosen Glanz asked, "Don't believe in what?" Just want to capture the information that Hamlet is interested in from his mouth; Later, he compared himself to a sponge and said, "Your Highness, I really don't understand you." This shows that he doesn't believe that Hamlet is really crazy, and besides, he is not prepared to follow Hamlet's advice.

In addition, dialogue can also promote the development of the plot. When narrating, writing characters is written from the standpoint of the author, which becomes the relationship of "character-author-reader"; And writing with dialogue, let the characters speak directly to the readers, and become the relationship between "characters and readers". Therefore, when introducing characters, dialogue is easier for readers to accept and more specific than description. A well-written dialogue, the effect of one line can be better than ten lines, which helps the story Zhang Chi to advance in a gentle, suspenseful, interesting and powerful way. The following dialogue is selected from Rise and Fall (that is, reviving the ancients there at that time and talking to the modern people here and now), which was deduced by Lu Xun from the fables of Zhuangzi and Zhile. The dialogue between the man and Zhuangzi in the article promoted the development of the plot; Zhuangzi had to ask the patrolman for help;

Five hundred years ago, the skeleton was reborn by Zhuangzi's magic, but it was naked, so he grabbed Zhuangzi next to him and said, "What's the use of bringing me back to life?" How can I visit my relatives? "

Zhuangzi said, this has nothing to do with me! I didn't do this to you.

"I don't believe your story. There is only you here, of course I ask you for it! I want to twist you to see Jiabao! "

At this time, Zhuangzi began to talk to him about his philosophy: "Slowly, slowly, my clothes are too old and brittle to pull. Listen to me: don't think about clothes yet, clothes are dispensable, maybe there are clothes right, maybe there are no clothes right. Birds have feathers and animals have hair, but cucumbers and eggplants are naked. This so-called right and wrong, this is also a right and wrong. Of course, you can't say that there are no suitable clothes, but how can you say that there are suitable clothes? "

The man was furious: "Bullshit, your mother, if you don't return my things, I'll kill you first!" " "

The man said, since you said clothes are dispensable, you can peel them off for me to wear.

Zhuangzi said, no, no, I want to see the king of Chu. How can I go without clothes?

The man clung to Zhuangzi, and Zhuangzi had no choice but to sound the siren and ask the patrolman for help.

Second, "character? Preparation of dialogue in reading activities

1, research reading

The TV series "Searching for Qin" makes a modern man live in the Qin Dynasty through time and space. Modern experience and knowledge structure put him in a wonderful environment. In order to write this play well, the author needs to read a lot of books about the history of the Qin Dynasty and master the complicated natural and social environment, interpersonal relationships, personality and various specific situations at that time. In their daily compositions, students naturally don't need to spend so much time writing The Collection of Qin Xun, but the dialogue should be based on the original research reading.

The content of inquiry reading should not only include the original work itself; It also includes some things around us, such as the author's life, relevant comments and so on. The process of inquiry reading should not only fully understand the basic content of the work, the author's life, experience and thoughts. It is also necessary to dig deep into the connotation of the works, such as the hearts of the characters in the works, the writing background of the works, and the spirit reflected by the author's pursuit and thinking, so as to produce his own unique feelings, experiences and understanding. For example, if Lu Xun wants to write about death, he must first understand Zhuangzi and his social background through reading. Another example is that we want to talk to Kong Yiji, a scholar who was cruelly abandoned at the bottom of society, lived in poverty and was eventually swallowed up by powerful dark forces. You should not only understand the story of Kong Yiji, but also read the information conveyed word for word in the works. More importantly, we should understand, sympathize with and analyze his pathetic personality characteristics and tragic ending from the heart, and understand that the author created this character to expose the decay of feudal imperial examination system and the cruelty of morbid society, as well as the "cannibalism" essence of China's feudal traditional cultural atmosphere; You can also look for books such as Biography of Lu Xun, A New Theory of Lu Xun's Novels, and Lu Xun, the Night Watcher of China Culture, to examine the works from a broader perspective and gain an in-depth understanding of others' comments and opinions on Lu Xun, his works and the image of Kong Yiji.

2. Imagination and experience in place

In the writing process of "personalized reading", reading is the basis of writing, and writing is to sublimate and continue the emotional experience gained by reading in the composition. There are usually at least two people in a conversation, who are intertwined and form a certain relationship with each other. Research-based learning allows us to grasp the true spirit of the original work, but it is not enough. We need to expand our imagination, think creatively, put ourselves in the author's time, the time and space where people and things are located, and experience it personally, face the dialogue object directly, show the particularity of the two different time and space coordinates of readers and dialogue objects, and grasp the tolerance or conflict between the two sides in many aspects, so as to expand the dialogue content and generate the plot. For example, in Up and Down, one is a realistic countryman, and the other is a relativist philosopher, Zhuangzi. The personality conflict between them is reflected in the dialogue. In the end, the final result can only be a dramatic writing that Zhuangzi had to ask the patrolman for help.

Look at the dialogue in the excerpts of the defeated country in the southern dynasties;

This is a single-family house, and several shabby huts are surrounded by low walls. On the gate, there is a wooden sign that says "ancestral home". An old man in coarse clothes and a square towel was squatting in the yard. The night wind blew, and his sleeves floated a few times, revealing a temperament. On the ground, there are countless small bamboo sticks. "Grandpa, he is grandpa ..." Everyone hesitated, not knowing what to call him. We were afraid that this sudden appearance would scare him, but he suddenly jumped up and his beard trembled with excitement: "Alas!" It took me more than ten years, and today I finally got the correct result. Zhou Xiangfeng's number is three feet, one foot, four inches, one minute, five cents, nine minutes, two seconds and seven seconds, which is more refined than the previous ones. I am very happy! "

We were startled by him. Looking around grandpa zu carefully again, I was even more surprised In addition to the mountains of small bamboo sticks on the ground, countless circles, large and small, came into view. There is a regular polygon in every circle, and the number of sides is increasing, and the circle is getting bigger and bigger, far beyond our imagination.

"Grandpa, are you calculating pi? This is so annoying! We already know that pi is 3. 14 15926! " Tell me quickly. Tell me quickly. Unexpectedly, Grandpa Zu was frightened to disgrace, turned around and stared at me closely, with a hint of fear. We quickly took out our laptop, quickly entered a program, and told him, "More accurately, it is 3. 145438+05444 ..." I looked at the computer and read it in one breath. "This ... this ... what is this?" I haven't finished reading it yet, so Grandpa Joe can't say it clearly. "This is an electronic computer." "What chicken?" Grandpa zu stared at the computer at a loss. "It's not a chicken lays eggs. This is an invention of the 20th century. It can perform fast and accurate calculations and has multimedia functions. " Grandpa zu is getting more and more unstable. "It can calculate, make sounds, communicate and produce images ..." Then I pressed the button, and several girls wearing "three-point" immediately appeared on the screen, dancing to the song. "This ... this ... is not human, but also a monster!" Grandpa zu was badly hit, his beard shook a few times, turned his eyes and fainted in the bamboo stick. (Beijing He Feng)

To write this passage well, the young author should not only know Zu Chongzhi's identity and research results, but also know the language of the Eastern Han Dynasty (such as the abundance of pi instead of pi), mathematical research methods (such as putting a small bamboo stick) and so on, all of which are completed in the process of research reading. Then, as a modern middle school student, the little author came to the Southern Dynasties (transposition) and launched a series of imagination about his ancestral home, and completed the experience generation of the plot in imagination: the first question is that he doesn't know his name; Secondly, there is a conflict between the high-tech notebook computer and the backward mathematical research method of throwing bamboo sticks, which leads Zu Chongzhi to say "what chicken" and "this ... this ... is inhuman and a monster!" Such as naive but in line with the cognitive level of science and technology in the Southern Dynasties; The direct result of the final dialogue promoted the development of the plot-Zu Chongzhi "fainted in the bamboo stick."

Third, writing: communication and expression

1, basic requirements for dialogue writing:

Guo Moruo said that when remembering people, we should "try our best to use our own language". Lao She said, "Always look at your characters and remember their personalities, so that they can have their own words. Students say what they say, teachers say what they say, and what kind of students and teachers say. " You know, most people's speech is difficult to imitate, because dialogue writing is a kind of simulated communication. To make it have a sense of presence, we must do the following:

1. Who to talk to: But the author of the article can also talk to others about the content of the work, or let different characters in the original work meet unexpectedly in scenes other than the original work. It is necessary to grasp the identity, personality and relationship between the two sides of the dialogue. Generally speaking, the identity of the dialogue object is comprehensive, such as Kong Yiji, who is a scholar; It is rural; It was the people in feudal society who decided the tone, words, style and expression.

② Grasp the content of the dialogue: it can be understanding, sympathy, appreciation and worship of the dialogue object, and it can also be questioning and refuting the dialogue object. First of all, the topic of discussion must conform to the relationship between the two sides and be easy to grasp. For middle school students, it is most appropriate to discuss literature with poets, art with painters and life with tragedies. Secondly, don't have too much discussion in the dialogue, but go directly to the dialogue, directly to the subject and directly to the details.

For example, talk to Su Dongpo, a great talent in the Song Dynasty, about poetry, painting and calligraphy, or even a master of Dongpo meat. You can talk about poetry, painting and calligraphy and diet, but you should grasp one thing and avoid casting a net in an all-round way to avoid missing the taste.

③ Find the right time for dialogue: especially grasp the situation of dialogue, ask questions, talk about feelings and express opinions. There is no need to deliberately explain the possibility of meeting characters, but it is necessary to have an appropriate atmosphere, focusing on dialogue with their hearts, and the writing of dialogue should promote the development of the story. For example, "Defeating the Southern Dynasties", the rendering of Zu Chongzhi's living environment is in place, in line with the image of mathematicians; The dialogue with Zu Chongzhi accords with their respective identities: a middle school student after one thousand years and an ancient mathematician.

2. Stylistic choice and language expression

As mentioned above, dialogue is an important way of expression, even an important literary form. In the writing process of "personalized reading", we should choose the style flexibly and freely, and should not stick to the original text. One form is to use dialogue in the full text or insert dialogue in the text, including: interview notes or answering questions (such as Lu Xun's interview notes); Short plays (such as Up and Down); Fairy tale form (mainly dialogue with things and things in the text), etc. The other is the monologue of the mind (including a person talking to others, or talking to himself without talking to others, or just talking to a person while others listen but don't talk). Such as letters, proposals and diaries to XXX, the essence is that one party is aphasia or speechless during the dialogue. In a sense, this form puts more emphasis on "the voice of the mind" and is more conducive to "the dialogue of the mind".

In addition, the language expression of composition is different from superficial, profound, vivid or vague in life. You should choose accurate and effective dialogue, and don't let the people in the article say a lot of nonsense. Dialogue is not a narrative of trivial matters.

Two examples

Save fan? Gao (excerpt)

Ma Zhigang in Zhangjiakou No.1 Middle School, Hebei Province

With a huge roar, I walked through the dark and twisted space and walked into a morning in 1890.

..... History tells me, who? Live here high. At least, at this time, he should be here-because it is the morning when he is going to commit suicide.

……

Pushing open the door of the attic on the second floor, I saw Fan? The tall studio and bedroom are completely different from the darkness in the corridor. The room is full of sunshine, bright and warm. Lying boots, rolled socks, broken brushes, and canvases torn into large and small pieces are all thrown on the ground ... There is an overturned palette beside the bed, and all colors are dry to form colorful sores, which is shocking.

I leaned down and stared at a piece of cloth on the ground. Although it is only a part, the strong color is almost suffocating, even between square inches. Talent is high enough to shine, and then those eyes penetrated me from under the bed.

"Who are you? What are you doing here? " Under the dark bed, I can only see the outline of him curled up, and his eyes are as cold as a nightmare that he just woke up.

I sat on the ground, my heart tightened, and the artistic devil I worshipped was close at hand: "I'm sorry, first ... sir, who?" Mr. Gao, I came from 1999 ... to see you ... "

"Looking for me?" He twisted his body and his voice was as hard and harsh as metal. " 1999? Very interesting! "

"Can you come out from under the bed? I ... I can't see clearly, sir. "

"What? Come out? " His eyes were burning, and fierce anger poured out, like lava from hell. "You all want to call me out! You all want to kill me! Everybody does! The sun, the sun will burn me to death! How many times have I told you! You all want to kill me! Fuck you, 1999, that's a lie! Murderer! " In a rage, he hit the bed board with his forehead, and his limbs twitched violently, as if a drowning man were trying to catch something. That look-only Satan's eyes cut my skin.

He is really a devil! The greatest madman in the world, the madman who cried, sang and roared in my countless nights of sinking!

I knelt down to him and said, "Come out, Fan? Mr. Gao, the sunshine won't kill you. It nourishes all things and selflessly gives life to the world. It will love you like every wheat and every weed, not destroy you. It was born to be created, just like you. Do you remember? The sea of golden wheat fields, the world of gold-at the moment, they are outside the window! "

"Golden wheat fields? Ocean of gold? " He was a little quieter and his voice became distant. "Golden world, ha ha ha ha-but that's false, friend, false! There is no real golden world! There are no golden wheat fields, they are all fake! The real heaven will never be born! And our world is dying, wheat fields, weeds, sunflowers, you and I are dying ... Heaven is dying, in death ... "He seemed to laugh contemptuously under the bed.

"No, no! The real heaven is not death, it never belongs to darkness! " I shouted, forgetting that I was facing the greatest madman in the world. "It's in music, in color, in your art! Your art is as strong as gold and has the same strong sense of life! " Stars and Moon, Sunflower ... That's a real paradise, and you can't refuse it! "

"My art? Ha ha ha ha-"

"Where? Miss Gao, you have to believe in your art! "

"art! The blood of the Muse ... the blood of Apollo ... the blood of Aphrodite ... the blood! Let you see my art! "

Something was thrown under the bed, a small gray ball with a shriveled surface like a dried stone. I opened it with difficulty, a broken "3"-ear, his ear! That ear was cut off for a prostitute!

I can't stand up. It is much more difficult to face a madman than I thought, besides, he is a great madman.

"I know that the world has hurt you, and it can even be said that it has been hurting you." That voice is still ringing in my head: Fan? Too high to die! Anger may inspire people, and death gives more, but they are by no means art itself! Our world is full of life, and they are born every day. Building new colors in our world, life and immortality are the real art! Where is it? Mr. Gao, this kind of life is in your paintings. You must survive! In the future world, you will make great achievements, and your works will be immortal with the sun! Believe me, you can create more artistic miracles for mankind! "

"No, no one can predict the future except God!"

"But I can! I come from the future, and I see that your works are enshrined in the altar of art, and countless artists have prostrated themselves in front of your works ... "

For geniuses and great lunatics, the prophecy that opens the future is like a spell.

Where is it? Sitting high in front of the canvas, holding his brush, trembling, I can finally stare at this world-famous face: high cheekbones, sunken eyes, an ear strangely protruding from the top of my head, pale and emaciated in the sun, at a loss. I was suddenly deeply disappointed. Isn't this van in the portrait? Gao, the devil who hangs over the power of art and laughs coldly at the world! A terrible thought tormented me: when? Gao is no longer the devil. Does his art still have that power?

I left silently. ...

Comments:

One is an ancient artist, a madman and a devil, hiding under the bed, afraid of the sun, being hurt and being killed; One is the middle school students in the new era in the future, who fear art and respect life. It is normal for them to have communication barriers, and the author has a good grasp of the conflict between their identity and knowledge structure. It is this kind of conflict that promotes the generation of dialogue plots. At the end of the article, "When Van Gogh is no longer a devil, does his art still have that power?" I am deeply impressed.

a love affair

Wen Yue of Zhijiang No.1 Middle School in Hubei Province

Yuehua is like water.

A vegetarian candle with a handle stuns out a dim little world, reflecting Love in the City on the desk, and Bai Liusu's fate is ups and downs in this slightly sentimental artistic conception. This is Zhang Ailing's, the most elegant female writer who lives in my favorite place. I sighed softly and went to the window where the flashing neon lights were on. In a trance, the water of time slips by. ...

In 1930s, Shanghai.

It is still a bright neon light, but it gives people a very warm and reassuring feeling. Wearing a white wool scarf, I insist on love and feel at ease in a fallen city. Breathing the salty air, the lights of the Bund building in the distance are transparent, so I began to look for the woman named Zhang Ailing.

Zhang Ailing's home is in an apartment at a busy intersection. Knocking on the door with a book reveals a tired and slightly swollen face, and the long hair of clear soup noodles is very refreshing. When we first met, a strange feeling came to mind. Yes, this is Zhang Ailing, who is familiar with Aileen countless times in her novels and essays. "Oh, are you here, too?" I asked softly. Clever, she immediately remembered that this was the most wonderful dialogue in her prose Love. She opened the door with a smile and let me in.

It was a gorgeous and uninhibited small living room, full of Zhang Ailing's personal aesthetic style and interest. At that time, Hu Lancheng was in awe of such a spirit, which was called "militancy". It was also here that Zhang Ailing fell in love with Hu Lancheng. But then what? Disaster came, and Hu Lancheng left Zhang Ailing for her own life.

Zhang Ailing puts on slippers, closes the window and plays the flute every night. After bringing me a cup of tea, she casually sat down beside me. Silence, I dare not even mention Hu Lancheng, for fear of erasing the frost on this peerless talented woman's face, which is followed by unmanageable loneliness.

Seeing the book in her arms, Zhang Ailing smiled slightly. "Do you like Bai Liusu?" "Yes, I like Bai Liusu as much as I like you. I appreciate the love between tassel and Fan Liuyuan, which was fulfilled because of the fall of a city. I also like to hear you say with fatalism,' In this unreasonable world, who knows what is cause and what is effect? Who knows, maybe just because she wants to fulfill her, a metropolis has fallen. Thousands of people died, thousands of people suffered, followed by earth-shattering reforms ... "I actually recited these sentences that linger in my mind. Zhang Ailing was a little surprised. " The tassel that can come out of the decadent old family has not been baptized by the Hong Kong War and has not turned into a revolutionary woman. Has Liu Yuan become a saint? ""They are vulgar, but healthy, which is even more valuable in troubled times. Because-life is like this! " I said urgently and firmly. Zhang Ailing looked up at the gloomy ceiling overhead and refused to let me look into her eyes, but I clearly found a layer of fog in her eyes. No matter how good a woman is, she also longs for a true love! I suddenly feel a little sad.

...... "Tell me, why are your lines always full of helplessness and unspeakable desolation for life, like a blue moon with melancholy and sadness, and the chill permeates the bone marrow?"

She stood up with a wry smile and pushed open the window. A woman in a cheongsam got off the bus, put on a shawl and walked into the brightly lit restaurant enchanting. She took a deep breath and asked me, "Do you like Shanghai?" "Yes, this is an era and place that is prone to legends!" "Yes, Shanghai is swaying in the hustle and bustle, but this is an era of accidents. Unrest is waiting for her not far away, and people are sinking like shadows. You see, this is Shanghai, Shanghai that sings and dances every night! "

"What about you?" I asked carefully, watching her face have a different kind of beauty in the resplendent background.

"Me?" She tossed her head involuntarily. "I am not willing to die, so I have to try my best to grasp a little truth and stability." Life flies, but I can't fly; Life is busy, so am I. I can escape everything, but I can't escape the desolation of this life. Desolation is the stability and truth in flying and excitement. "Zhang ailing murmured, not to me, but to herself." I don't write about war or revolution. I'm just writing about love, just describing the memory of human beings living in this era. "

I walked over and put my arms around her thin and trembling shoulders. I found that I can understand all the characters written by Bai Liusu and Zhang Ailing better than before. That is a more lonely and real her! There is a beautiful line on the manuscript paper, "Life is a gorgeous robe full of fleas." How sad it is to write such a sentence! Life has its gorgeous appearance, but the inner layer of life is not beautiful at all. I bow my head. ...

In a trance, people were blinded by dazzling lights. I stood on the balcony, and the love of a fallen city lay quietly under the light. Only the moon, which is almost 60 years ago, coldly shines on all the joys and sorrows in the world. Facing it, I closed my eyes. Aileen, knowing that all the roads in the world are paved, I still can't help praying to heaven. If possible, choose another warmer and more relaxed way to continue living. Ask God to give you more stability and happiness. After all, a smart and affectionate woman like you should not be criticized by fate!

Irene, bless you!

Comments:

Inquiry reading is the premise of dialogue writing, and transposition imagination and experience are the key to dialogue writing. In the "favorite place"-Shanghai's "singing and dancing at night" and "strutting in the noise"; In the face of "the most elegant female writer" Zhang Ailing, I met her face to face in her home, talked about her characters and her life preferences, and wrote leisurely and carefree, like flowing water. This skillful effort is based on the in-depth reading and unique feeling, experience and understanding of Love in a Fallen City.

A new chapter in The Analects of Confucius

Gansu Jinchang No.1 High School Mali

"Zigong, why don't you talk?"

"Master, I ... actually ... no, actually ... I had a dream and wanted to ask the master ..." "Oh, isn't it just to help you interpret your dream? Although this craft is not as good as Zhou Gong, but ... let's talk about your dream first! "

"well. This is a long and heavy dream. I dreamed that I was in another world, about thousands of years later. People in this world eat delicious food, live in tall buildings, wear luxurious clothes, have cars and planes ... "

"What car and machine are you talking about?"

"Oh, it's a kind of self-propelled bicycle without horse-drawn, like a tortoise shell, several times faster than a horse-drawn cart. That plane is an iron bird, as big as Kunpeng, and it can hold people in its stomach. It flew for nine days and went to Wan Li every day. By the way, I am a child of this world. "

"Oh, go on."

"What does the master think of this life?"

"Luxury is arrogant, frugality is solid, and arrogance is not as good as lewdness. However, if everyone in the world is like this and lives and works in peace, it is not a bad thing. "

"Master thinks I'm dreaming. How is my life?"

"It is a blessing to have a young child."

"Master, you only know one thing, don't know another thing. When you are in this world, rich or poor, regardless of high or low, you have to go to school at the age of six. One year in preschool, six years in primary school and six years in middle school. If you mix well, you will have to go to college for four years. "

"There is no class in teaching, and it is sincere and kind."

"Master, school-age children are caught. Of course you feel' good'. However, I would like to ask Master: Will thousands of people have exactly the same idea? Can a test paper decide a person's fate? A person's studies are quantified by numbers. What is the difference between 59 and 60? "

"confused! The dragon gave birth to nine sons, but it was still different. How can we expect thousands of people to think exactly the same? A test paper determines a person's life. I'm afraid this test paper can't be written without a sage. A person's knowledge, like a handful of sand, is divided into 100. Which is bigger, 59 or 60? "

"But in that world, the task of being a teacher is to instill thousands of people into one head and pass a national baptism with primary school papers. They proudly called the college entrance examination "a thousand troops crossing a wooden bridge." "Naturally, people who get off the bridge are stupid and mediocre, and their future is hopeless. Either squeeze again next year or make a living by yourself. Those who have squeezed past are the heroes of the people and the pillars. "

"There are enough people with the same skills, the same mind and such pillars. Why do you have to make faces?"

"The master is right. It is said that those who squeeze across the bridge will have to work hard to break the pig iron skull that has grown hard when they go to college in the future. "

"alas! If I had known today, why should I have? "

"What else? Confucius taught us to "ask more questions, choose good ones and follow them, see more and know more" and "learn more and know more".