(1) What were the main farming methods in ancient agricultural production in China?

1) Farming mode: from slash-and-burn to "plowing cattle"

From the appearance of primitive agriculture to slash and burn, with the appearance of production tools such as thunder, China agriculture entered the era of "plowing" or "hoeing" seven or eight thousand years ago; During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, a small number of bronze farm tools and intertillage farm tools appeared, and techniques such as irrigation and drainage, green manure retting, weeding and insect prevention were mastered. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the use and popularization of ironware and Niu Geng, as well as the development of fertilization and irrigation technology, marked the formation of the traditional farming method of "Tieli Niu Geng" in ancient China.

Primitive agriculture produced "slash and burn" and "fire tillage"

"Stone hoeing" and "ploughing" seven or eight thousand years ago

"Tieli Niu Geng" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Bronze farm tools in Shang and Zhou dynasties, master certain technology.

Description: ① The development of ancient agricultural farming methods is mainly manifested in the improvement of production tools and the improvement of production technology represented by fertilization and irrigation.

② The fundamental reason for the transformation from slash-and-burn to Niu Geng is the development of productive forces.

(2) Tools

Material: stone tools → bronze → iron.

Process: beating → grinding → melting and casting.

(3) Power: manpower → animal power → natural force