[High Score Award] The characteristics and historical background of western sports culture! Urgent! Urgent! Urgent!

1) The historical background of the origin of sports culture

Since ancient times, people have divided culture into eastern culture and western culture; World culture can be roughly divided into four systems, namely, Chinese culture system, Arab Islamic culture system and European culture system. Of these four cultural systems, except European culture, the other three are all in the east of the world. Due to geographical and other factors, even the cultures of the above three systems have different cultural characteristics in different regions, but there are also phenomena of mutual intersection and recognition.

The study of human culture began in the middle of19th century. Many research data show that oriental culture has a long history and rich connotations. Commenting on the development of world culture, Hegel pointed out that when the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basins gave birth to exquisite and brilliant ancient cultures, the residents of the Thames, Mississippi and Rhine rivers were still wandering in the dark virgin forests, which shows that the oriental culture has a long history. However, in the historical evolution of hundreds of years, the development of oriental culture is slow or even stagnant. Therefore, eastern culture has long lagged behind western culture.

The history of sports is as long as that of mankind. In the long history of human civilization, sports culture is a gradual development process and an important part of the whole human culture. However, in the struggle with nature, people's understanding of sports culture is unconscious for a long time.

According to historical data, we didn't really feel the direct influence of sports culture on the development of human society until after the European Renaissance in the middle of19th century. Especially since the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the whole world science, sports science and technology workers have gained many new inspirations. Since then, many scholars have conducted extensive research from the perspective of sports philosophy and humanistic sociology, and gradually developed from perceptual knowledge to rationality.

In the early sports, although people lived in different geographical environments and different living habits, the form, nature and purpose of sports were basically the same. In order to survive and continue, human beings have learned skills such as running, jumping, throwing and crawling, and knowledge of productive labor, which has been passed down from generation to generation as a social and cultural phenomenon. Over time, it gradually formed such a splendid sports culture today.

(B) the emergence and development of sports culture

There are different opinions about the emergence and development of sports culture, but the following are relatively concentrated, including:

1. About the origin of labor: Generally speaking, human culture is created by human hands and brain thinking. In order to survive, early humans learned the skills of running and jumping, and developed various physical qualities such as speed, endurance, strength and agility in hunting prey. At this time, sports are obviously reflected in the direct purpose of survival and the training of various abilities.

2. Theory of military origin: This is due to the conflict between individuals for hunting prey, and then the armed conflict between tribes. Each tribe has organized physical training to improve its strength. It also includes wrestling, darts, sticks and other skills.

3. Game origin theory: This is that primitive people get together to celebrate with games and dances after they get rich prey, especially after harvest. It also shows that sports evolved from running, jumping, throwing and other labor forms, and expressed inner joy with singing and dancing.

4. On the origin of religion: In the late primitive society, due to the low level of productivity and the troubles of the four seasons and the environment, primitive people turned to nature for help and offered sacrifices to heaven and earth. This is a primitive religious activity, using the sports situation for help and worship.

5. On the origin of education: the development of productive labor and the sports skills and technologies evolved in military and games are passed on to future generations in the form of labor education. It not only developed the above skills and physical qualities, but also gradually broke away from the wildness of animals and evolved in the direction of humanity, forming a sports life with cultural connotations.

To sum up, the emergence of sports culture is the result of the comprehensive evolution of the above factors in the process of human transformation from animal wildness to human nature. In other words, sports culture is a unique cultural phenomenon of human society, that is, in the process of transforming itself, human beings have changed from animal instinct to conscious human behavior, and gradually formed primitive wildness and aggression through labor, games, education and reasonable competition.

Connotation of sports culture

Sports culture is a special reflection of human needs. It is created by human beings in sports life and practice, and it shows its unique way of existence through tangible body shape, sports skills, sports equipment, materials related to social attributes and intangible will, ideas and spirit of the times.

Sports culture, like other cultures, reflects the characteristics of an era, a country and a nation, regulates people's sports behavior and affects people's values.

Under the long-term influence of Confucian culture, the East, especially China, has formed a sports culture that pursues "unity".

"Neutrality" and "golden mean" focus on sports culture characterized by introversion, closure and complete cultivation.

For example, yoga in India reflects the sports and cultural characteristics of the Indian nation.

The so-called sports culture is a special cultural phenomenon in all sports phenomena and sports life. That is to say, in the process of sports life and sports practice, people seek physical and mental health development, and show a culture with sports attributes through competitive, entertaining and educational means and by changing body shape and sports skills. It can be seen that sports culture embodies the following characteristics:

First of all, sports culture is always closely linked with people's sports life.

Second, it embodies the characteristics of national traditional sports, and these traditional sports cultures regulate people.

National sports behavior also affects people's different sports values.

Thirdly, sports culture always has an interactive relationship with the social civilization, material civilization and its own development of a region or country.

For example, southerners are good at technical sports because of their dexterity, while northerners are good at wrestling and equestrian because of their abundant physical strength; Southerners are more inclined to group sports because they are thinner and need to cooperate with each other than northerners, while northerners show more attributes of personalized sports because of their great strength and personality characteristics.

Fourthly, from the scientific classification, sports culture is a comprehensive science combining natural science and social science; From the cultural point of view, sports culture is a branch of the whole human cultural system, but sports culture has its own unique personality, its emergence and development have its own changing laws, so it has an independent side.

The value of sports culture

Modern physical education conforms to the development trend of world education. Over the past 100 years, it has not only greatly enriched sports culture and improved the status and value of sports in society, but also played an important role in promoting people's all-round, coordinated and perfect development.

First, the value of Olympic culture.

After more than one hundred years of development, the modern Olympic Games has become the most extensive social and cultural phenomenon in the world. The spiritual and cultural design of the modern Olympic Games is a simple inheritance and development of the ancient Olympic Games. Competitive sports in ancient Greece have been widely supported and respected by all walks of life. Winners in the arena will not only receive olive laurels, palm wreaths and statues, but more importantly, they will be worshipped by the people in their hometown like heroes and hold grand celebrations for them.

The motto of the Olympic Games is "Higher, Faster and Stronger", which encourages young people to strive for progress, surpass themselves and move towards higher goals. The will and quality of athletes to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles and strive for victory is an inspiration to everyone.

The Olympic spirit is: mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair competition.

The ultimate goal of the Olympics is to contribute to the establishment of a peaceful and beautiful world.

The design of the five rings of the modern Olympic Games is a great progress from the 1920s to 1930s. The task of sports culture moves from sensibility to rationality and from physical beauty to spiritual beauty. The rational task of sports culture requires exercisers to achieve noble will and perfect body and mind on the basis of keeping fit, maintaining balance and correct posture, and to combine with art. This deep spiritual beauty is a higher level of rational value of sports culture.

Second, the value of competitive sports culture

Sports is closely related to the survival and development of human beings, who have created sports and sports culture. Sports culture is competitive sports culture. It is human beings who have transformed this competitive sports culture, and the economy and culture are constantly innovating and developing. However, these innovations and developments have been completed in the continuous practice of many people, and have gone through three stages corresponding to the historical milestone of social change of western scholars, namely, the religious sports culture stage, the scientific sports culture stage and the ongoing artistic sports culture stage.

After getting rid of the religious sports culture of human existence and the scientific utilitarian sports culture of strengthening the body and adapting to the environment, artistic sports are developing in the form of combining competition with art and combining physical beauty with spiritual beauty.

Third, the value of mass sports culture.

In the process of human civilization, due to the common needs of human beings, the pursuit and concern for human survival, development and enjoyment have never stopped. It is this mass sports culture that has the greatest driving force, the widest influence and the most far-reaching influence in the wave of educational globalization. This is because mass sports culture has brought happiness and beauty to human beings and health and vitality to society. China's mass sports and western mass sports are based on all-round development and harmonious development.

Fourthly, the value of China traditional sports culture.

China's traditional culture has a long history, a profound and glorious chapter, and it is also a symbol of the Chinese nation's continuous self-improvement.

Since ancient times, the traditional sports in China have been centered around "keeping in good health". The unity of man and nature lies in eliminating turbid qi in the body, absorbing true qi, understanding the five internal organs and coordinating the six internal organs through communication with nature, and holding that the fundamental decision of health and longevity lies in the inside of the human body, not the outside; China's traditional sports culture emphasizes the concept and feeling of holism and sports form, with simple and profound movements and few powerful muscle movements, so it lacks radical and adventurous behaviors. With the exchange of eastern and western cultures, China's traditional sports culture, with its beauty of overall cultivation and internal harmony, is combining with modern science, forming a new unique style and going to the market.

Fifth, the value of campus sports culture.

As an important part of school education, campus sports culture plays a very important role in implementing the educational policy of all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and cultivating qualified talents with innovative spirit and practical ability in socialist modernization.

1. Ancient campus sports culture

Ancient physical education is still in the primitive education stage, so it is not a large-scale school physical education, and it is certainly not a campus physical education culture, but it also shows sports culture phenomena in different times.

2. Modern campus sports culture

School physical education in China has gone through a long historical process from gestation to birth. From 1840, the imperialists opened the door of China's closed door with gunboats. With the military aggression, foreign missionaries came to China one after another, established churches and schools, infiltrated sports culture, and actively carried out various western sports activities on campus.

3. Modern campus sports culture

The contribution of the May 4th New Culture Movement to school physical education lies in its strong criticism of military nationalist sports and quintessence sports. At the same time, the content of military exercises was cancelled, the gymnastics class was changed to physical education class, and western sports were introduced. Although this is the result of cultural mobility, it also causes the conflict of traditional sports culture. However, due to the integration of culture, it gradually buffered. Nevertheless, school physical education is still struggling under the shackles of feudal morality. It was not until the founding of New China that the goal of school physical education was determined to strengthen physical fitness, which opened up a broad prospect for the development of school physical education.

4. Contemporary campus sports culture

While adhering to the direction of physical education in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, contemporary campus sports culture should not only develop China traditional sports culture, but also introduce international advanced sports culture. In order to accomplish the mission of future sports, contemporary campus sports in China shoulder the following historical missions:

To establish the educational guiding ideology of health first, it is necessary to establish the overall health requirements of adapting body and mind to society, clearly require strengthening students' mental health education and sense of responsibility to society, and cultivate perseverance and hard work spirit.