Literati theory

? Literati should be literate first, and knowledgeable second.

? Scholars have always been an important social role. Throughout the feudal society, except for the emperor, the structure of the whole feudal society was dominated by literati. From the three provinces and six departments to the county chief, everyone was selected by the imperial examination. They read the words of a hundred schools of thought and saints. Even Kong Yiji, a down-and-out scholar who has never been admitted to a scholar, refused to take off his gown, which symbolizes his status as a scholar. Scholars are nothing more than calligraphers, painters, writers, educators and so on. In my opinion, the word literati, at least not a commendatory term, contains a few derogatory terms, such as being dull, pedantic and uneducated ... these words are not contradictory to this identity at all, if a literati is still an identity.

? From ancient times to the present, literati can be roughly divided into several categories: those who study with peace of mind, those who take the world as their own responsibility, and those who are persistent in being officials. Of course, some scholars are emperors. It is a disaster for the country to be emperor, and it is a disaster. Scholars are too romantic to be emperors. Of course, this is not their choice, who let their parents be emperors! Among the literati emperors, Li Yu, Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Song Huizong Evonne shared the same fate and talent. Pure pen and ink, refined words and sentences, but romantic singing can't save the empire after all. Of course, there are also Qianlong emperors, who call themselves literati emperors and like to label themselves. He wrote 10,000 poems in his life, but none of them were handed down to future generations, leaving a smile for future generations! Therefore, a person who calls himself a scholar must not feel good about himself, but must be considered by others.

? Every scholar must have a hollow reputation, but this is not a bad thing. A false name sounds good, and to put it bluntly, it is lofty. Scholars are not necessarily vain, but they must care about their reputation. This is the reader's cleanliness, and he doesn't want to go with the flow. "Poverty can't move, wealth can't be immoral, and power can't be bent." This is the self-esteem engraved in the bones of literati, and it is also the last stubbornness. They stick to their spiritual home and treat power and money like dirt. The loftiness of literati is actually the last pride and spiritual pillar of a group of people whose ideals are contrary to reality. In the first half of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming "strayed into the dust net for 30 years", hung his crown and left, closed the door, picked chrysanthemums under the east fence, and lay drunk in Nanshan, separated from this secular dust net. As a result, he loved to death and was still hungry. As for the literati, they can't stand the criticism and grievances of others, and they don't have the ability to settle down. All young people and old people will suffer. Most of the ancient literati, except those who squeezed into the system, were weaker than their ability to make a living. Among the literati, Yuan Mei, who had the most comfortable life and the least money, hid in the garden, gained fame and fortune, and took a group of female apprentices.

? All literati have a feeling of home and country that takes the world as their responsibility. Mr. Hengqu's four proverbs, "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, remember the past and be a teacher for the future", should be the motto of all literati. Although Mr. Yokogawa has never done a few earth-shattering events in his life, these four sentences are trembling and seem to have a feeling of swinging a club. In the long feudal society, literati played an important role in governing the country and educating the people, and were the core of the whole feudal society. In fact, there are not only practical people, but also people with good writing and martial arts, such as Yue Fei, Fan Zhongyan, Mr. Yang Ming and Zeng Guofan. Throughout the ages, in addition to writing books, running schools and writing articles, they can also plan and kill thieves.

? All the literati, especially the ancient literati, like to attack each other, and they are rarely immune. In the history of China, there were party struggles in almost every dynasty. The most famous ones are Niu Li Party Struggle in the late Tang Dynasty, Dong Zhe Party, Huaixi Party, Lindong Party and Official Party in the early Ming Dynasty. Some are for justice and principles, and more for the group interests between parties. Confrontation and impeachment exhausted all kinds of despicable means, and infighting consumed the power of the country and became the last straw to overwhelm the dynasty. Of course, as long as it is a feudal society, the emperor is also happy to see scholars attacking each other. This is the emperor's power to control people.

In fact, it doesn't matter whether you can become a scholar or not. The most important thing is to keep the moral bottom line, have faith, pursue and fear heaven. Ordinary people should not deliberately become someone, nor should they deliberately not become someone.