Politics of Postgraduate Entrance Examination: How to Explain Common Idioms with Ma Zhe

Analysis: This idiom goes against the view that matter is movement and change. Thinking and doing things are not based on objective reality, but take individual phenomena of things as universal laws and accidental connections between things as inevitable connections.

2. Tian Ji horse racing

Analysis: this idiom shows that the composition of things changes in structure and arrangement order, and it can also cause qualitative changes. A cat shuts its eyes while it steals cream.

Analysis: This idiom violates the principle that matter determines consciousness. Try to replace objective reality with subjective desire. "Painting cakes to satisfy hunger", "Looking at plums to quench thirst", "Zheng people buy shoes" and "cutting feet to fit shoes" all belong to this meaning.

Step 3 carve a boat for a sword

Analysis: This idiom reflects a metaphysical view of looking at problems from a static point of view, which goes against the fact that matter is moving and changing.

4. Encourage seedlings.

Analysis: this idiom shows that the process of biological growth follows certain laws, and trying to replace objective laws with subjective will is bound to be punished. Another example is "how bold people are, how productive the land is", "human reason is natural legislation" and so on.

Step 5 follow the map

Analysis: This idiom reflects a subjectivist view of proceeding from reality and makes the mistake of bookishness.

6. Naoko suspects his neighbor

Analysis: This idiom shows that people's understanding of things is restricted by subjective factors, and people's different positions reflect different results of objective things.

Step 7 assess the situation

Analysis: This idiom shows that when we look at problems and do things, we should combine giving full play to subjective initiative with respecting objective laws and conditions.

8, the right medicine

Analysis: This idiom embodies the principle of contradiction particularity, which requires us to adhere to the concrete analysis of specific problems when observing and dealing with problems. Another example is "adjust measures to local conditions", "teach students in accordance with their aptitude", "tailor-made", "a key opens a lock" and "there are no identical fingerprints and two identical leaves in the world".

9. Play the lute to a cow

Analysis: this idiom refers to generalizing different things regardless of objects, which violates the principle of particularity of contradictions. For another example, "Zhang Guan and Dai Li", "good or bad" and "indiscriminate" belong to this category.

10, make the finishing point

Analysis: This idiom means that you are good at grasping the key points and keys in your work. In line with the principle of principal contradiction. For another example, "catch the thief first and catch the king", "let the cow lead by the nose" and "use it on the blade" all belong to this principle.

1 1, put the cart before the horse

Analysis: this violates the principle of contradictory primary and secondary relations, regardless of the mainstream and tributaries, and the primary and secondary are reversed. Another example is "usurping the role of the master", "not worth the loss", "not sticking to one pattern" and "not distinguishing good from bad".

12, cold lips and teeth

Analysis: It embodies the general view of things. Things interact and restrict each other within and between things, just like lips and teeth. Another example is "the city gate is on fire, which harms the fish in the pool", "the river is flooded, and the river is dry and waterless", "the mantis catches cicadas, and the yellowbird is behind" and so on.

13, exhausted fishing

Analysis: This idiom embodies a view that goes against the universal connection of things and fails to see the mutual influence and restriction between things. Only pay attention to the immediate interests, ignoring the long-term interests of the successive development process of things. Another example is "killing the goose that lays the golden egg" and "destroying forests to cultivate land", all of which fall into this category.

14, depending on the fate.

Analysis: This idiom violates the objectivity of connection, dragging two unrelated things together and creating a "connection". For example, "magpies report good news, crows report bad news", "comets, ominous photos" and so on all belong to this category.

15, so rest on its laurels.

Analysis: This idiom is a metaphysical point of view. It does not see the change and development of things, but looks at things from a static point of view. Another example is "conformism" and "conformism".

A drop of water wears away the stone.

Analysis: This idiom embodies the principle of the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change, that is, the accumulation of quantity to a certain extent will cause qualitative change. For example, "You can't take the Wan Li Road without accumulating steps", "You can't become a river or a sea without accumulating small streams", and "If you don't give up, you can turn stone into water" and so on, all of which belong to the same principle.

17, enough is enough.

Analysis: This idiom embodies the golden mean. Because things can only keep their original nature within a certain range and limit, when we need to keep the nature of things stable, we must control the quantitative change within a certain limit, which is to grasp the size and adhere to moderation. Another example is "too much is too late" and "extremes meet".

18, the blind touch the elephant

Analysis: This idiom reflects that you only know the superficial and one-sided phenomenon of things, but don't know the essence of things. It warns us to adhere to a comprehensive view of things and overcome one-sidedness; (2) Understanding the essence of things requires comprehensive and complete possession of perceptual materials; ③ Understand the essence of things through phenomena.

19, alarmist

Analysis: The mistake of this idiom lies in denying that the movement of matter is objective and independent of human will.

20. Transfer from East to West

Analysis: the phenomenon of things is different from the truth. "A diversion from the east to the west" is an illusion, and "a diversion from the west" is true. Its essence is to confuse the enemy and save yourself. Another example is Playing hard to get, Besieging Wei to Save Zhao, Dancing Sword in Xiangzhuang, and Building a plank road to sneak into Chen Cang.

2 1, buy gifts and return pearls

Analysis: This idiom says that in ancient times, a person saw a beautiful box containing pearls, so he paid a high price for the box and returned the precious pearls to the seller. Metaphor only looks at the phenomenon, not the essence.

22, Handan toddler

Analysis: This idiom tells us that before learning from others, we must first find out whether other people's experience is really good, whether it is suitable for us and whether we can learn it. If you copy mechanically, it will only be counterproductive, self-defeating and harmful. Another example is "learning from the East is effective", and "swallowing dates" belongs to this category.

23, taboo diseases and avoid medical treatment

Analysis: This idiom means to conceal one's illness and refuse treatment. Its mistake lies in denying the universality and objectivity of contradictions. Acknowledging the universality of contradiction is the first premise of all scientific understanding.

24, picky

Analysis: This idiom means blowing off the hair on the skin to find scars, and it is a metaphor for deliberately finding faults and mistakes in others. Its mistake lies in confusing the primary and secondary contradictions and not grasping the mainstream when looking at the problem.

25. Seek advantages and avoid disadvantages

Analysis: This idiom shows that contradiction exists objectively and universally, and we can't ignore its objectivity and universality. Therefore, we should give full play to people's subjective initiative, grasp the objective laws of contradictions, actively ease contradictions, and make things develop in the favorable direction that people yearn for. The same is true of "fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses".

26, prevent micro duration

Analysis: The philosophical meaning of this idiom is: ① Quantitative change will cause qualitative change to a certain extent; ② that minor aspect of contradiction affect the major aspects of contradiction, and we can't ignore the minor aspect of contradiction.

27. Draw a ladle

Analysis: The mistakes of this idiom lie in: ① Denying the particularity of contradiction; ② There is no specific analysis of specific problems; It violates the principle of proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts. Painting a tiger according to a cat also made this mistake.

28. A blind man rides a blind horse

Analysis: This idiom refers to practice without correct theoretical guidance, which is blind practice. Because the correct theory reflects the essence and laws of objective things and has a guiding role in practice.

29. Stop at the bottom of the barrel

Analysis: This idiom tells us that concentrating on solving the main contradiction is the key to doing a good job.

Haste makes waste

Analysis: The philosophical principles embodied in this idiom are as follows: ① Everything changes and develops from quantitative change. Without preparation for quantitative change, there will be no qualitative change. Therefore, we should pay attention to the accumulation of quantity; ② Exerting subjective initiative must be based on respecting objective laws.