Up knowledge engineering surveying instruments which

Tablet instrument ground artificial mapping large scale topographic map of the main instrument. Electromagnetic wave rangefinder application of electromagnetic waves carry ranging signals to measure the distance between two points of the instrument. The following small make-up for you to introduce engineering surveying instruments which have the relevant knowledge.

What are the common methods and instruments used in engineering surveying?

A, elevation measurement

Elevation measurement is mainly leveling and triangular elevation measurement.

Level measurement is the use of horizontal line of sight to measure the height difference between two points. Because of the high accuracy of level measurement, it is the most important method in elevation measurement.

Triangular elevation measurement is to measure the horizontal distance or slope distance and vertical angle (i.e., angle of inclination) between two points, and then utilize the trigonometric formula to calculate the elevation difference between two points. Triangular elevation measurements are generally less accurate and are only used under appropriate conditions.

The following mainly introduces the basic methods and instruments of level measurement.

1. The basic method of level measurement

2. Introduction of level instrument

Micro-tilt level is widely used in general level measurement, DS3 micro-tilt level consists of the following three main parts:

Telescope - it can provide the line of sight, and can be read out on the distant level scale readings.

Level - It is used to indicate whether the instrument or sight is in a horizontal position.

Base - used for leveling the instrument, it supports the upper part of the instrument and enables the upper part of the instrument to turn horizontally

Automatic Leveling Levels

1. Principle of the telescope has a compensator added to the optical path.

2. After the use of rough leveling, the telescope to observe the warning indicator window should be all green; the best state is to indicate that the window of the triangular cusp and the horizontal indicator line

3. Check the school to add a compensator test, that is, rotate the foot screw, destroying the rough leveling, to see the warning indicator window whether the appearance of red.

Electronic level

Electronic level meter with the use of the level ruler for the bar code ruler, usually made of fiberglass or indium steel. There is a line array sensor in the electronic level meter, which can identify the bar code on the level scale. After the electronic level meter ingests the bar code, it is transformed into the corresponding number by the processor, and through the signal conversion and datatization, it shows the middle wire reading and the sight distance directly on the display screen.

Two, angle measurement

Angle measurement instruments are mainly latitude and longitude, divided into optical latitude and longitude and electronic latitude and longitude two categories

Optical latitude and longitude optical latitude and longitude of the horizontal disc and vertical disc made of glass, in the disc of the plane of the circumference of the edge of the eh engraved with equal intervals between the scribing line, two adjacent scribing line spacing of the angle of the circle known as the disc of the grid value, also known as the minimum disc of the value of the scribing line. Also known as the minimum grid value of the dial. The general size of the grid value to determine the accuracy, divided into:

DJ6 disk grid value of 1 ° DJ2 disk grid value of 20 'DJ1 (T3) disk grid value of 4'

accuracy from high precision to low precision: DJ07, DJ1, DJ2, DJ6, DJ30, etc. (D, J, respectively, for the earth and the initials of the latitude and longitude instrument)

Electronic latitude and longitude instruments

Electronic goniometry principle introduction

Electronic goniometry still uses a dial to carry out. Unlike optical goniometry, electronic goniometry is based on a special format of the dial to obtain electrical signals, according to the electrical signals and then converted to angle, and automatically in digital form output, displayed on the electronic display, and recorded in the memory. According to the different ways of obtaining the electrical signal, the electronic goniometric disk can be divided into grating disk goniometric, coding disk goniometric and electric grating disk goniometric and so on.

Sojia electronic warp and woof

Southern electronic warp and woof

Three, distance measurement

Distance measurement is divided into the steel ruler measurement, visual distance measurement and photoelectric distance measurement.

1. Steel ruler measurement

In the formula: n - the number of whole foot sections; l - the length of the steel ruler (m); q - less than a whole foot of the remaining length (m).

2. Sight Distance Measurement

Warp and Weft Sight Distance Measurement is a traditional method of indirect measurement of horizontal distance and height difference. Tools used: latitude and longitude instrument and sight distance ruler

3. photoelectric ranging

Four, coordinate measurement

One of the main tasks of engineering surveying is to measure or sample the three-dimensional coordinates of space points. The instruments used are mainly total station and GPS receivers.

Total Station Instrument

Total Station Instrument's main features (continued)

Automatic display of horizontal angle, vertical angle, and slant distance, and automatic calculation of the mirror station coordinates, elevation, and leveling distance data;

Data recording and storage in various ways: memory, PCMCIA card, and serial communication;

Automatic compensation of the horizontal angle and vertical angle;

Meteorological correction of distance and instrument constant correction;

Provision of electronic bubbles in digital or graphic form for leveling;

Laser point aligner;

Basic steps of coordinate measurement

(1) Setting of three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring station.

(2) Set the coordinates of the rear view point or set the horizontal dial reading in the rear view direction as its azimuth. When setting the coordinates of the rear view point, the total station will automatically calculate the azimuth of the rear view direction and set the horizontal dial reading of the rear view direction as its azimuth.

(3) Set the prism constant.

(4) Set the atmospheric correction value or temperature and barometric pressure value.

(5) Measure the instrument height and prism height and enter them into the total station.

(6) Illuminate the target prism, press the coordinate measurement key, the total station begins to measure the distance and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the display measuring point.

All kinds of total stations

Longer range: Prismless ranging up to 400M;

Faster ranging speed: Ranging speed has been measured to be twice as fast as similar products;

Longer battery life: Advanced power management system, saving more than 30% of power;

More convenient and humanized design: SD card storage function, automatic temperature and air pressure sensor;

More convenient and humanized design: SD card storage function, automatic temperature and air pressure sensor;

More convenient and humanized design: SD card storage function, automatic temperature and air pressure sensor;

More convenient and user-friendly design. Automatic temperature and air pressure sensor;

Better waterproof performance: waterproof grade IP55.

SET220K.SET320K.SET520K.SET6120KSET10K series of total station has a lightweight, full-featured and other characteristics, with a backlit full numeric keypad to make the operation more convenient, in all kinds of engineering and surveying work has a wide range of uses. It has a wide range of applications in various engineering and surveying work. Double-sided full numeric keypad with backlight makes data input more convenient (SET620K is single-sided keypad). Generalized and efficient measuring software, IP66 high level dustproof and waterproof performance. Application: Sampling measurement, road calculation and sampling, alignment measurement, concrete component assembly and positioning, construction project control, area measurement, deformation monitoring.

GPS Receiver

Ground GPS

Geodesic receiver is mainly used for precision geodesy and precision engineering measurement. This type of instrument mainly uses the carrier phase observation value for relative positioning, with high positioning accuracy. The structure of the instrument is complex and expensive. According to the use of purpose and accuracy, and is divided into static (single-frequency) receiver and dynamic (dual-frequency) receiver that is RTK.

Currently, in the development of GPS technology and practical applications, the more well-known international manufacturers are the U.S. Trimble (Ten Pao) Navigation Company, Switzerland LeicaGeosystems (Leica Measurement Systems), Japan TOPCON (TOPCON) company, domestic manufacturers. TOPCON) company in Japan, the domestic manufacturers are mainly South Surveying and Mapping, China Haida, Huazhong, Kelida and so on.

Through the above introduction, what are the engineering surveying instruments also have a good understanding, thank you for stopping your valuable time to enjoy the article, want to know more about the relevant knowledge, please continue to pay attention to the Rilong information oh.