Pig raising technology

Feeding and management of weaned piglets

Although piglets learn to eat a little feed before weaning, they still take breast milk as their main food. After weaning, the nutritional source of piglets has completely changed from breast milk to feed, which has changed a lot. If the piglets eat different feed after weaning, the stress of piglets will be greater, and piglets will often not eat. Therefore, the core of feeding management of weaned piglets is to reduce the harm of stress response to piglets.

Feeding of weaned piglets:

(A) do a good job of weaning

1 Select the appropriate weaning age.

Weaning time: 4-8 weeks 60 days old. That is, the shortest is 2 1 day and the longest is 60 days, which is determined according to the health status of suckling pigs and the milk yield of sows.

Due to the physiological characteristics of piglets, if the weaning age is too young and the stress response is large, it will easily lead to indigestion, diarrhea, emaciation, decreased disease resistance and high mortality. However, the bigger the weaning day, the better. Being too old will not only reduce the utilization rate of sows, delay the estrus of sows, but also inhibit the rapid growth of piglets. When piglets reach a certain age, their food intake is increasing day by day, and breast milk alone is far from meeting their needs. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable age for weaning and feed them with palatable feed to fully meet their feeding needs. This not only improves the feed return rate, but also enhances the immunity of piglets. Clinical experience shows that it is more appropriate to choose 35 days weaning under the condition of good feeding level. At this time, the lactation of sows is generally reduced, the digestive organs of piglets are more perfect, the immunity is slightly stronger, and there is a certain resistance to diseases. Or if the sow is thin, it should be weaned in advance. However, if the sow's milk is too much, in order to prevent mastitis, the weaning time should be postponed appropriately.

2 Weaning method

According to the actual production situation, it can be weaned in one time, or in batches or step by step (gradually reducing the number of breastfeeding times every day and completely disconnecting after 3 ~ 5 days, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming). If the piglets in the same litter have little difference in weight, they can be weaned in the whole litter; If the piglets in the same litter are uneven, we can consider weaning in batches, which is beneficial to the balanced development of piglets, but the disadvantage is that sows often delay estrus; Because each has its own advantages and disadvantages, it should be used flexibly according to the specific situation. For example, in order to reduce the stress of piglets after weaning, gradually weaning is generally chosen.

The newly weaned piglets often show loss of appetite due to the sudden change of living conditions, and usually reduce their food intake, gain weight slowly, and even lose weight, especially for piglets fed late. Recent studies show that weaned piglets can gain 1 kg within1week after weaning, so they can reach the slaughter weight 15 days earlier than pigs that can only maintain their weight due to insufficient feeding. The reason of low feed intake is still the physiological abnormality caused by the stress of sudden weaning and completely self-feeding. Therefore, early weaned piglets have special requirements for feed. First of all, it should be easy to digest and the digestibility is high. Feeds containing too much crude fiber must be restricted. Eating high digestibility diet within 7 ~ 10 days after weaning can reduce the total daily intake, but it can meet the nutritional needs of piglets and will not cause diarrhea due to excessive gastrointestinal burden. Therefore, we must first find ways to improve the energy level and lysine level of feed. The incidence of diarrhea can be reduced by reducing the crude protein level in the diet in the first week. In the choice of raw materials, corn, fish meal and a part of fried soybean meal can be selected. You can also use some dairy products if you have the conditions.

(2) Formula of weaned piglets: corn 70. 15%, fried soybean meal 22.0%, fish meal 5.0%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, stone powder 0.55%, salt 0.3% and premix 1%. The premix includes adding 2.5 mg of flavomycin and 50 mg of oxytetracycline to each kilogram of feed for disease prevention and growth promotion. At the same time, trace elements are added: trace elements have great influence on the growth and development of piglets and can obviously promote growth. Comprises adding 540mg of copper sulfate, 564mg of ferrous sulfate, 570mg of zinc sulfate, 80mg of manganese sulfate, 0.66mg of potassium iodide, 0/./kloc-0.5mg of sodium selenite and 0/.2mg of cobalt chloride to each kilogram of material. Premix can not be prepared by itself, but can be bought in the market. It's much cheaper to make your own ingredients. For example, digestive enzymes such as protease and amylase are added to feed to help digestion; Adding citric acid acidifier can reduce the pH value of gastrointestinal tract, and the digestive enzyme activity of gastrointestinal tract of piglets is stronger in acidic environment, which can promote the digestion of feed.

Weaned piglets are in the growth stage of rapid physical development, so it is best to feed ingredients all the time to make pigs grow faster and sell faster, which saves materials rather than prolonging the slaughter time without feeding ingredients. However, the feeding amount should be flexibly controlled according to the growth and development situation.

(3) In order to have a good weaning pass, it is necessary to maintain the feed and feeding system.

Feed transition: In order to reduce the feed stress of piglets after weaning, it is best to feed them with the original lactating feed within 2 weeks of weaning, so as not to affect their appetite and cause diseases. The feeding time of suckling pig feed can be determined according to the weaning age, growth and health status of piglets. Generally, the younger the weaning age, the longer it takes to feed suckling pigs. Don't suddenly switch from piglet feed to piglet feed, but adopt a gradual transition method: gradually increase one to twenty percent of piglet feed every day, and reduce the corresponding piglet feed at the same time, and feed the two feeds after mixing. In the process of transformation, if severe diarrhea is found in piglets, the transformation speed can be appropriately slowed down to reduce the feed ratio of piglets. For example, weaned piglets imported from different places should buy back part of the original feed and gradually change the feed later.

Feeding system transition: it is best to limit feeding and eat less and more meals after weaning 1 week. In the first 2-3 days, feed it about 4 times a day, and the amount of each feeding should be within 2 hours to prevent diarrhea caused by overeating. When piglets excrete feces normally (about 5-7 days after weaning), they are free to feed again, and the frequency and quantity of feeding are gradually increased every day. Within half a month after weaning, the daily feeding frequency is more than that of lactation 1 ~ 2 times. This is mainly to feed the piglets once at 9 ~ 10 minutes in the evening 1 time to prevent the piglets from being upset by hunger. However, the feeding amount should not be too much each time, so that piglets can maintain a strong appetite. Gradually change it to 3-4 times later. When adding feed to piglets, wait until the piglets finish the previous feed before putting it in, so as to avoid the old feed remaining at the bottom and corner of the box, causing mildew and deterioration. When old, caked, moldy and deteriorated feed is found in the feed trough, it should be removed in time to prevent diarrhea or poisoning of piglets after eating. If the concentrate is not enough, it is necessary to gradually add green material from less to more to make it full. Diarrhea may occur in the first few days after feeding green feed, which is the adaptation process of piglets and will be normal after 2-3 days. In addition, the combination of clinker and raw materials can also increase the appetite of piglets. Piglets should supply clean drinking water after eating a large amount of concentrated feed to avoid diarrhea caused by drinking sewage or urine.

2. Management of weaned piglets

(a) Reducing environmental stress

1. 3 ~ 5 days before grouping, let the piglets eat in the same trough, exercise together and get familiar with each other. Then according to gender, individual size, eating speed and so on. Scientific experiments showed that the average weight gain of piglets who changed pens on the weaning day was only 0.02g, while the average weight gain of piglets who stayed in the original pen 1 week was 0.08 ~ 0.20 g, and the mortality rate was significantly lower than that of piglets who changed pens on the same day.

2 Reduce mental stress: In the first few days after weaning, piglets often show mental anxiety, chirp and look for sows. In order to reduce the anxiety and mental stress of piglets, intermittent weaning can be used to make piglets eat more and milk less, and gradually transition to complete weaning, and gradually adapt to independent life after leaving sows.

3. Create a comfortable small environment: Weaned piglets must have a shed with sufficient sunshine, suitable temperature, clean and dry, warm in winter and cool in summer. Piglets should be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected and covered with padding before entering the pigsty to create a comfortable environment for weaned piglets.

(2) Before piglets are reasonably grouped into pens, the pens should be cleaned and disinfected. A few days before weaning, piglets often show mental anxiety, chirp and look for sows. In order to reduce the environmental pressure of piglets after weaning, sows can be driven out of the pen when weaning, and piglets will stay in the original pen without leaving or merging the pen. Don't mix and match nests. Half a month after weaning, when the performance of piglets is basically stable, then adjust the circle and nest. It is best to use the piglets in the original nest to live together and avoid social interference. If multiple nests are combined, we should pay attention to the principle that the size, weight, physique and habits of each group are roughly equal to prevent bullying and fighting with each other. If the piglet population is too large or the area occupied by each piglet is too small, if there are not many feeding troughs, piglets will easily fight with each other, resulting in insufficient rest and insufficient feed intake, thus affecting the development of piglets. A group of weaned piglets should be 15 ~ 20, not less than more. Otherwise, it will lead to fierce struggle for group ranking, which will affect the growth and development of weak piglets, resulting in an increasing difference in individual weight in the same column and an increase in backward weak piglets. The average area of each head is 0.5~0.8m2, and generally the area of each group is about 10m2. If the floor in the stall of the piglet breeding house can be raised on the net or the floor (the gap between the bottom of the net and the metal strip is 1? 5 cm, about 40-60 cm from the ground) is better. In addition, when catching pigs, don't scratch your ears and throw them around. Carefully grab the hind foot or pick it up and put it on the ground. When the piglets are raised to about 25 kg (about 70 days old), they can be transferred to the growth house.

(3) Pay attention to cold-proof and heat-preservation piglets are particularly afraid of cold in the early stage of weaning, so pay special attention to heat preservation two weeks before weaning. It is required that the temperature in the first week is 28℃, which is 2℃-3℃ higher than that at the end of lactation, and then it will drop by 2℃ every week until it is 22℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should not be too large. Generally, the temperature at night is lower than during the day. It is advisable to control the temperature difference between 5℃ and 6℃, and at the same time, it is necessary to put an end to the emergence of direct flow in the house. Especially in northern winter and early spring, the climate is cold, and they often lie together and squeeze each other, which is easy to crush piglets and get sick, which seriously affects the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, we must pay attention to the cold-proof measures of pens, and if possible, we can build warm pens and plastic greenhouses to feed weaned piglets.

(4) Strengthening training is mainly about eating, urinating and sleeping. Pigs have a keen sense of smell and strong imitation, and like to defecate where there is water. Therefore, we can make use of these characteristics to thoroughly clean and disinfect the pigsty before grouping, and then spread some mats at the designated sleeping place to drain the water in the sink, leaving a small amount of feces and urine at the scheduled place for defecation and urination. When the pigs enter the pen, the breeder should walk around the house to prevent the pigs from biting each other. In the morning and evening, before and after each meal, the piglets are driven to the designated place to excrete feces and urine. Put some cushions where you sleep. -After 3-5 days of training, you can get along with others and form the habit of defecation.

(five) do a good job in environmental health and disease prevention:

1. Do a good job in environmental sanitation: implement the system of empty column disinfection and pig disinfection to reduce pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfect the delivery room and nursery alternately 10 ~ 15 days. When the column is empty, clean it thoroughly and then disinfect it thoroughly with 2%~3% caustic soda solution. After leaving the column empty for 5 ~ 7 days, disinfect it with 1 disinfectant 1 time, and rinse it with clean water after leaving the column empty for 2 ~ 3 days. In daily work, we should also implement the system of disinfection with pigs. When disinfecting pigs, we should pay attention to thoroughly disinfecting the dead corner of pigsty and the bottom of net bed. In addition, the enclosure should be warm, ventilated, dry and sanitary, providing a good feeding environment for piglets, which can greatly reduce the incidence and improve the survival rate of piglets.

2. Do a good job in disease prevention and control:

In the current intensive pig production, the production of suckling pigs (weaned to 65 ~ 70 days old) is a very sensitive and key link in the whole pig raising process. Because the weight gain and health status of piglets during the conservation period will have an extremely important impact on their later development. Piglets are prone to stress syndrome and diarrhea after weaning, so it is very important to prevent and treat these two diseases.

2. 1 Prevention and treatment of stress syndrome

At present, the common problem of suckling piglets is post-weaning stress syndrome, which is characterized by poor mental state, poor breathing, diarrhea, poor appetite or refusal to eat, poor growth or stagnation (even negative growth), stiff pigs and even death, which reduces the reproductive rate of suckling piglets. Therefore, in the production management of protecting pigs, besides providing reasonable compound feed, suitable temperature, ventilation, cleaning, vaccination and other necessary work, appropriate anti-stress syndrome drugs should also be added to their feed. For example, antiviral powder 1 and water-soluble amoxicillin can be added to improve the breeding rate of piglets. Adding anti-stress syndrome drugs in the pig-raising stage can reduce the production cost, improve the growth performance of pigs, and thus improve the economic benefits.

2.2 Prevention and treatment of diarrhea

Diarrhea after weaning is a difficult problem in the feeding of lean pigs, and its etiology is complex, so it is very difficult to eradicate it completely. But through comprehensive technical measures and patient and meticulous management of piglets before and after weaning, diarrhea after weaning can be completely controlled.

Yellow and white dysentery caused by Escherichia coli and diarrhea caused by other bacteria and viruses are very common. The main reasons are low temperature, high humidity, lax disinfection, Escherichia coli infection, diarrhea virus infection and parasitic infection. Diarrhea caused by external environment can be solved by strengthening feeding management, such as keeping warm and disinfecting. Sows are vaccinated 20 ~ 30 days before delivery, so that the antibody level in breast milk reaches a certain level, and piglets are resistant to Escherichia coli infection and diarrhea virus infection after breastfeeding. Parasitic infections are mostly transmitted vertically from sows to piglets, which can be repelled three weeks before delivery, and anti-insect drugs, such as 2kg/t Fenfeijing or 700 g/t carbendazim, are added to sow feed; You can also inject drugs such as Xuechongjing and Tongmie into muscle.

For piglets with diarrhea, sensitive antibiotics can be screened for symptomatic treatment through drug sensitivity test. Generally, there are enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, Shigella, amoxicillin, sulfonamides, kanamycin, norfloxacin and other drugs. The sick pigs with severe diarrhea were treated with diarrhea drugs and supplemented with glucose injection and 0.9% physiological saline to enhance their physique. Feeding rehydration salts to diarrhea piglets can reduce their dehydration degree and thus reduce their mortality.

2.3 Pest control: The internal parasites infected by suckling piglets, such as ascaris and pulmonary filariasis, have matured, and lice parasitic on unhealthy skin may spread. At this time, the internal and external parasites should be expelled in time: at the age of 50~60 days, choose warm sunny days, spray 1%-2% trichlorfon on pigs, and pay attention to the liquid medicine. When necessary, at the age of 90~ 120 days, subcutaneous injection of 1% ivermectin 0.3mg.

2.4 Vaccination: such as injection of triple freeze-dried vaccine (live vaccine) of swine fever, swine erysipelas and swine pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and blue ear disease vaccine. At the age of 2 ~ 4 months, live or inactivated porcine pseudorabies vaccine was inoculated. Imported attenuated freeze-dried vaccine K6 1 was used in epidemic areas or threatened areas, and piglets were injected with 0.5ml intramuscular injection 1 ml after weaning; Shelf pigs over 3 months old1ml; The immune period is 1 year.

-Feeding management of breeding sows and empty sows

(1) Breeding sows (also called young sows) refer to sows from weaning to breeding. Feeding and management

/kloc-before 0/year old. At the age of 6 months, gilts feed freely, and after 6 months, the feed intake is controlled at about 80% of the free feed intake to prevent obesity.

2. Short-term optimal feeding should be carried out 10~ 14 days before breeding. Increasing 25.54 ~ 33.9 1mj/ day (about 1.8~2.39kg corn) on the basis of the original low energy can increase the number of ovulation by 2. 15. (corn 1kg contains 3.39 megacalories = 14. 184 megajoules); (1 Megacard =4. 184 MJ).

(2) Feeding management of multiparous sows before mating (empty pregnant sows)

1. Under the normal feeding and management conditions, sows weigh 70% ~ 80% at weaning, and can be mated in estrus within 7~ 10 days after weaning, and the dietary crude protein level is 13%~ 15%. If we can meet the needs of minerals and vitamins at the same time, we can get better results.

2. For sows with large litter size, high lactation capacity and poor prenatal fat, it is a sign that lactation nutrition has not kept up. Strengthen feeding before mating to ensure that they can recover to 70% fat;

3. Sows should be fed in groups after weaning, with the first lap of 4-6. There should be a playground.

4. Feed formula: corn 65.2 1%, secondary flour 13%, wheat bran 3%, rice 5%, fish meal 1%, bean cake 9%, dicalcium phosphate 1.7%, stone powder 0.8% and salt 0. This formula contains digestible energy of 3.22 megacalories/kg, crude protein 12.82%, calcium 0.75% and total phosphorus 0.6%. Compared with the standard, the digestibility is 0. 1.8 kcal/kg lower.

Attachment: Standard dosage of trace elements and vitamins for pregnant sows: 2 1mg of copper sulfate, 0.24mg of potassium iodate, 4 10mg of ferrous sulfate, 63mg of manganese sulfate, 0.5 1mg of sodium selenite and 230mg of zinc sulfate should be added to each kilogram of feed. Vitamin A 4000IU, vitamin D 200 IU, vitamin E 44 IU, vitamin K 0.5mg, biotin 0.2mg, choline10.25 g, folic acid10.3 mg, nicotinic acid 10mg, pantothenic acid 12mg and vitamin B23.

2. Feeding management of pregnant sows

(1) Pregnancy is generally "3333". That is, three months (30 days per month), three weeks and three days. *** 1 14 days. The range is108-120 days. Because pregnancy is affected by many factors, such as variety, age, good health, good nutrition and good management (such as slipping and squeezing). There are also premature or delayed deliveries 10 days. If the number of days is too long, it may be a stillbirth (the diagnosis method of stillbirth is that there is no fetal movement in the abdomen of sows by hand, and there is no fetal sound and beating sound during auscultation, so the diagnosis can be made). If the delivery is overdue, prostaglandin can be injected to induce labor, but oxytocin cannot be injected to induce labor.

1. Pre-pregnancy (mating to 2 1 day): Like empty sows, it is necessary to strengthen feeding, so that weaned sows can recover their physical condition as soon as possible, ensure the normal development of embryos and reduce the early death of embryos. The feed quality must be good, and it is not allowed to feed moldy materials, otherwise it will easily cause embryo death or stop reproduction.

2. The second trimester of pregnancy (2 1 to 80 days): mainly green feed. If forage is insufficient, it is often an important reason for sow abortion, aspiration, stillbirth and weak fetus; It is recommended to eat 1.8~2.7kg green feed every day, and master it flexibly according to body size, obesity and health.

3. Nutrition should be strengthened in the late pregnancy (from 80 days of pregnancy to 3 days before delivery), which is beneficial to improve the birth weight of piglets. However, in 1 ~ 2 days before labor, the feed should be increased or decreased according to the fatness and breast performance of sows. If you are obese and your breasts are red and swollen, you should use less materials and grass; Sows should stop feeding on the day of delivery.

4. The research shows that before 90 days of pregnancy, the fetal weight only accounts for 465,438+0.8% of the birth weight, so green feed should be given priority over good feeding; After 90 days to birth, the fetus grows fast, so roughage should be reduced and concentrated feed should be increased according to the fat situation, preferably grazing once a day; Especially primiparous sows, it is best to massage their breasts and brush their bodies for pigs, so as to be compatible with humans and animals, so that they will not be frightened during delivery and can fix their nipples smoothly after delivery. The last 1~2 weeks can increase the feed amount 1~ 1.5kg, which is beneficial to improve birth weight. In short, it is the main sign of good or bad breeding to make pregnant sows neither fat nor thin, fat nor healthy. The weight gain of sows bred for the first time during pregnancy should be controlled at 36~50kg. The multiparous sow itself is not long, and only the placenta and fetus need a net increase of about 25~35kg. Obesity of pregnant sows not only causes waste of feed, but also causes dystocia, loss of appetite after delivery, weakness of piglets after birth, and less lactation.

5. Concentrate formula (%): corn 64.5%, rice 14.2%, rice bran 5%, soybean meal 10%, fish meal 1.5%, dicalcium phosphate 2. 1%, and stone powder (limestone powder).

It can also be divided into pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy with different formulas.

① Pre-pregnancy (weight 90~ 150kg): the digestibility is 2.8 kcal /kg, and the crude protein11%;

Formula: corn 32%, barley 10%, sorghum 12%, wheat bran 30%, rice bran 7%, soybean meal 5%, bone meal 2%, iodized salt 0.5% and compound additive 1%.

② Late pregnancy (weight 90~ 150kg): digestibility 2.8 kcal /kg, crude protein12%;

Formula: corn 3 1%, wheat bran 24%, rice bran 14%, soybean meal 8%, broken rice 18%, fish meal 2%, bone meal 1.6%, iodized salt 0.4% and compound additive/kloc-0.

Composition of composite additive: 2 1 mg of copper sulfate, 4 10 mg of ferrous sulfate, 230 mg of zinc sulfate, 63 mg of manganese sulfate, 0. 18 mg of potassium iodide, 0.5 1 mg of sodium selenite and 0.1mg of cobalt chloride are added to each kilogram of material. E 44IU vitamin K0.5 μg, biotin 0.2mg, choline10.25 g, folic acid10.3 mg, nicotinic acid 10mg. If the above dosage is less than 1% required in the formula, add some rice bran or other materials to make up and mix well. When mixing, it is best to mix trace elements such as copper and vitamins together. Because trace elements are destructive to vitamins, they are mixed separately. If you can't buy the above raw materials yourself, buy the prepared additives for commercial pigs.

6. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling during pregnancy, especially in the early stage, otherwise the embryo will die easily. Proper exercise. The environment should be quiet and the attitude should be enthusiastic. Say hello before entering the pigsty to prevent the sows from being frightened. Don't randomly group to prevent miscarriage.

7. Observe the diet, defecation and mental state of sows every day to prevent and treat diseases; Special attention should be paid to eliminating parasitic diseases inside and outside the body and preventing them from being transmitted to piglets.

8. Prevention of dystocia:

① The mating age should not be too early: the soil species should not be earlier than 6 months old and the weight should not be less than 70 ~ 80 kg; China bred pigs and their hybrid pigs are about 7 months old and weigh not less than 90 ~100 kg. Imported fine varieties are 7-9 months old and weigh no less than110 ~120kg; Being underweight is prone to dystocia.

② Pregnant sows should not be too obese. At the end of pregnancy, the weight gain of primiparous sows is about 30~40% of the body weight at the time of breeding. About 20~30% of multiparous sows.

③ Pregnant sows should exercise, daily 1 hour, with a journey of 3-4 kilometers.

(2) Diagnosis of pregnant sows during delivery

Look at breasts: as the saying goes, "nipples explode and will soon fall off." During the period from 0/5 to 20 days before delivery/kloc-0, the sow's breast gradually swelled and drooped from back to front, and its base swelled in the abdomen, showing two bands. The breast skin is tight and red, and the nipples on both sides are splayed outward in a figure of eight. About 6 hours before delivery, thick yellow-white milk can be squeezed out. As the saying goes, "milk wears an arrow shaft, and childbirth is not far away." Under normal circumstances, clear milk can be squeezed out 2 ~ 3 days before delivery. Sows may give birth about 24 hours after thick milk appears in the front nipple and 3 ~ 6 hours after thick milk appears in the middle nipple. If you gently squeeze each nipple by hand, you can milk it, or at last 1 when you can milk the breasts, it will be born soon. But there are also some sows that secrete milk after giving birth.

Second, look at the vulva. 3 ~ 5 days before sow labor, vulva begins to swell and droop, and both sides of tail root are sunken, which is a sign of pelvic opening. At the same time, the frequency of excreting feces and urine increased. If the vulva is loose, red and swollen, and there is mucus flowing out, it is a sign of quick delivery. When the vagina oozes thin bloody mucus, it means that the sow has "broken water" and will give birth within 30 minutes, that is, as the saying goes, "The sow urinates frequently and the delivery is coming."

Third, look at the number of breaths. Breathe 54 times per minute 1 day before delivery and 90 times per minute 4 hours before delivery.

Fourth, look at behavior. 6 ~ 12 hours before delivery, sows are nervous, often showing fidgeting, nervousness, loss of appetite, walking back and forth in the house, and some are making nests with grass; When there is no grass to pick, you will arch the ground with your mouth, and your front hoof is like a nest. The protective sows become rude, keep people away, and some bite people. Don't approach strangers at this time, and don't change people casually.

(3) Strengthen the management of sows in childbirth?

If lice or scabies are found in sows, 2% trichlorfon solution should be sprayed to avoid transmission to piglets after delivery. ?

Feed change: Sows are gradually fed with the diet during lactation from10 to15 days before delivery to prevent the piglets from indigestion and diarrhea caused by sudden feed change after delivery. If the sow is in a good mood, the breasts are obviously enlarged, the concentrate feed is gradually reduced from 1 week before delivery, and the diet is reduced by half from 1-2 days before delivery; It is also necessary to reduce large-volume feed such as coarse feed and dregs, so as not to oppress the fetus or cause constipation of sows before delivery. However, if the sow has poor fat and shriveled breasts, it should not reduce the feed, but also add protein prolactin feed such as bean cake to prevent the sow from losing milk after delivery.

Stop feeding when the symptoms of labor are found, and only feed bean cake bran soup.

Moderate exercise: 65438+ 0 weeks before delivery, you should stop long-distance exercise and walk around the pig house or sports ground to avoid abortion or stillbirth caused by fierce chasing and bumping. ?

Move into the delivery room: move the sow into the delivery room 3-5 days before delivery, so that it can be familiar with and adapt to the new environment, and avoid the fetal asphyxia caused by violent tossing before delivery, but don't move the sow into the delivery room too early, so as not to pollute the delivery circle and reduce the physical strength of the sow.

Pay attention to observation: Observe sow dynamics at any time before delivery 1 week, and strengthen nursing to prevent accidents such as premature delivery and unattended delivery.

3. Feeding management of lactating sows

It is necessary to adopt the feeding methods of low pregnancy (in addition to properly strengthening nutrition in the early and late stages, the nutritional feeding amount in the middle of pregnancy should be appropriately low, and it should be fed by empty pregnant sows) and high lactation (high nutrition during lactation).

The feeding goal of lactating sows is to increase the number of weaned piglets and the weight of weaned litter; The second is to maintain the normal body condition of sows during lactation, that is, when sows are weaned from 28 to 35 days (early weaning method). The traditional age is 56 ~ 60 days, which is too long), and the weight loss should not exceed 12 kg (the weight loss should be 12~ 15% of the postpartum weight). Excessive weightlessness will prolong the estrus time after weaning, and will also lead to a decrease in the number of litters, with serious consequences. Therefore, feeding strategies must be adopted around the above goals.

Feed formula for nursing sows: corn 60.6%, wheat 5. 1%, rice 3.0%, fine bran 2.0%, soybean meal 17%, fish meal 5.4%, bran 3.0%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.0%, limestone powder 0.6%. Our formula contains DE 32,300 kcal/kg, CP 17.5 1%, CF4.2%, calcium 0.75%, phosphorus 0.62%, lysine 0.86% and egg+cysteine protease inhibitor 0.56%.

Sows should be fed dilute feed for the first 5 days after delivery, and the feeding amount will gradually increase after 2-3 days. After 5-7 days, wet feed should be fed, and the normal amount should be fed for 7 days. The feeding amount is generally about 0.4kg per piglet. Or the daily feed intake of sow with weight below 120kg and total feeding amount of 4.8kg air-dried feed (water content is about 65438 02%); 120 ~ 150 kg, and the number of air-dried materials of 5.0kg per day; 150 ~ 180 kg, eat 5.2 kg of air-dried food every day. /kloc-more than 0/80 kg, the daily intake of dried matter is 5.3kg, and it is fed three times a day.

Feeding management of lactating sows in the first (1 ~ 10) days. Improve feed intake reasonably: In order to maximize the feed intake of sows, the following measures can be taken respectively: First, feed freely and feed indefinitely. That is, starting from 3 days after delivery, gradually increase the intake, and realize free intake after 7 days; Second, feed less and add more, and implement a multi-meal system, feeding 4 to 8 times a day; The third is interval feeding, and cold feeding at intervals in the morning and evening, which fully stimulates the appetite of sows and increases the feed intake. No matter what kind of feeding method, we should pay attention to ensure the freshness and hygiene of the feed to avoid mildew and deterioration of the feed. In order to increase palatability, wet mixing method can be used.

Gradually reduce the feeding amount 3~5 days before weaning, and pay attention to breast expansion. If the swelling is large, reduce more feed to prevent mastitis in sows.

Adequate supply of clean water: There is a great demand for drinking water for lactating sows in summer. Therefore, the drinking water of sows should be kept smooth. If it is trough drinking water, always fill it with clear water. If it is an automatic drinking machine, it should be observed and checked frequently to ensure unimpeded flow, and the flow rate and velocity of water should reach a certain level. Drinking water should be clean and conform to hygiene standards. Insufficient or unclean drinking water will affect the feed intake and digestive and lactation functions of sows.

In management, we should pay attention to the uniform utilization of nipples, especially for primiparous sows, and ensure that all nipples can be evenly utilized to avoid breast dysplasia without sucking. When the number of piglets is less than the number of nipples, it is necessary to train piglets to eat several nipples, especially the posterior nipple, otherwise the posterior nipple will shrink and lose its function in the future.

Pens should be clean and dry. There should be no prominent sharp objects in the delivery bed to prevent breast damage. Be prepared for winter cold protection and summer defense. Strengthen the regulation of summer temperature: you can prevent heatstroke and cool down by installing rain curtain, ventilator, shading cloth, feeding watermelon peel, clearing heat and traditional Chinese medicine, etc.

It is necessary to observe the feeding, feces, mental state of sows and the growth and development of piglets in time, and take measures in time if there are any abnormalities.

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