Information about Shijiazhuang

The city's resident population at the end of 2004 was 9.175 million, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year, of which 2.173 million in urban areas, an increase of 2.9%; the city's non-agricultural population of 3.538 million, an increase of 6.8%, the accelerated process of urbanization. The city's birth rate of 12.28 per thousand, the death rate of 7.24 per thousand, the natural growth rate of 5.04 per thousand, down 0.49 thousand points from the previous year.

Shijiazhuang City is a city of ethnic minorities living in the diaspora, *** there are 43 ethnic minorities, 64,843 people, accounting for 0.8% of the city's total population, ethnic minorities in the Hui for the most, accounting for 76.8% of the total ethnic minority population. Mainly distributed in the city's five districts and Wuji County, Gaocheng City, Xinle City, Xinji City, Zhengding County. The city has three ethnic townships and 18 ethnic villages.

Administrative divisions

Shijiazhuang City has 6 districts and 17 counties (cities), namely, Xinhua District, Qiaoxi District, Qiaodong District, Chang'an District, Yuhua District, Mining District, Xinji City, Jinzhou City, Gaojia City, Xinle City, Luchuan City, Zhengding County, Shamze County, Wuji County, Zhao County, Luancheng County, Gaoyi County, Yuanshi County, Zanhuang County, Jingfuzu County, Pingshan County, Lingshou County, Xingtang County, and a high-tech Development Zone. *** There are 114 towns, 108 townships, 43 offices, 4,488 administrative villages, 449 neighborhood committees and 195 family committees.

Transportation and communication

Shijiazhuang is known as the "north-south thoroughfare, Yan Jin throat", is the national railroads, highways, postal services, communications, an important hub. Shijiazhuang railway station for one of the country's three major grouping station, is an important passenger and cargo transit center in northern China, there are Beijing-Guangzhou, ShiTai, ShiDe three railroads converge here, ShuoHuang Railway across the northern part of the city; highway transport in all directions, the Beijing-Shenzhen, ShiTai, ShiHuang, ShiJi highway and 107, 307, 308 and so on national highway crisscrossing the city; Shijiazhuang civil airport has opened more than 20 Domestic flights; local roads basically realize the township through the oil road, village highway, forming a national and provincial trunk highways as the skeleton, local roads as a branch, crisscrossing, well-connected highway transportation network. Postal communications is a nationally important mail processing center and communications network hub south of Beijing, at present, with 168 countries and regions of the world, 174 domestic cities to carry out mutual express business; the city's total capacity of 1.92 million program-controlled telephone, mobile communications users reached 490,000 + Unicom, Tietong, communications are very convenient.

Overview of the tourism industry

Shijiazhuang City, the tourism industry since its inception in the 1980s, after more than two decades of development, has made great strides. Has become Hebei Province and even North China's very broad prospects for tourism city, is the guests at home and abroad travel and tourism, leisure and vacation resort.

Tourism resources are rich, broad source market. Shijiazhuang City is very rich in tourism resources, which are both historical and cultural cities, modern revolutionary memorial sites and other human resources, but also mountains, lakes, hot springs and other natural resources, as well as customs and folklore, trade and shopping, urban sightseeing and other unique resources, not only the full range of categories, the number of, and the development of high value.

The city has 18 national key cultural relics protection units, 105 provincial key cultural relics protection units, more than 240 municipal and county key cultural relics protection units, and up to 1,200 cultural relics attractions of various types; there are two national scenic spots (Cangyan Mountain, Roach Rock), two provincial scenic spots (Fenglong Mountain, Tiangui Mountain); there is also a national historical and cultural city --Zhengding, the provincial historical and cultural name - Zhaoxian; as well as provincial-level tourist resorts 4 (Panglong Lake, Cangyan Mountain, Wintang, Roach Rock), the national forest park 1 (Wuyuezhai), the provincial forest parks 7 (Xiantai Mountain, Camelback, Nansi palms, Chi Chi) Longzhou Lake, Xibaipo, etc.), the national and provincial patriotic education base 6; unique provincial capital status, prosperous trade and commerce more development of trade and exhibition tourism provides good conditions.

Tourism elements are ready, the industry is taking shape. Shijiazhuang City has formed a relatively complete tourism industry system. The city has built and opened 24 tourist attractions of a certain scale, 24 star-rated hotels, 12 designated hotels, designated restaurants 5, scenic spots within the collective, individual tourist hotels and restaurants 510, the city's tourist hotels (hotels) with a total of nearly 20,000 beds. The city's existing 12 international travel agencies, 85 domestic travel agencies, tourism designated production plants, 4; tour bus company 2, the city's tourism direct employees amounted to 16,000 people.

Systems continue to improve, increasingly standardized management. In recent years, provincial and municipal leaders at all levels have paid great attention to the tourism industry. Policies, funds, institutions, talents and other aspects to be tilted, and favorably promote the healthy and rapid development of tourism in Shijiazhuang City. Shijiazhuang City and Zhengding, well, Luquan, Zhanhuang, Pingshan, Yuan's, Zhao County, Lingshou, Gaocheng, mining, Gao Yi and other 11 counties (municipalities) have set up a tourism administration, the key scenic spots also built scenic area management committee, the relevant departments have also studied and issued a series of industry management and to speed up the development of tourism views, so that Shijiazhuang City, the tourism industry management continues to legalization, standardization, standardization Step forward.

Beautiful Shijiazhuang, welcome to your arrival!

City construction

In 2004, the rapid development of urban construction, urban roads further smooth. South Road construction project opened to traffic, Sports Street, Jianhua Street and other major roads, new reconstruction projects completed. "Urban village" transformation is steadily advancing, municipal facilities gradually improved. At the end of the year, the total length of urban roads 562.9 kilometers, road area of 10.693 million square meters, the length of drainage pipe reached 990 kilometers. The city has eight water plants, with a daily production capacity of 800,000 cubic meters of water, a total length of 1,162 kilometers of pipelines, and an annual water supply of 175 million cubic meters.

City utilities faster development. Gas, natural gas pipeline length of 403 kilometers, the year added 30,000 natural gas users, 17,000 gas users. Heating pipeline length of 500 kilometers, the city centralized heating area of 42.3 million square meters, an increase of 3.8 million square meters over the previous year. City public **** car operating lines up to 82, operating vehicles 1,703, operating line length of 1,089 kilometers, the total annual passenger volume of 225 million people.

The city, in accordance with the principle of "treating both the symptoms and the root causes, combining plugging and sparing", has carried out a series of comprehensive remediation activities focusing on improving the quality of the urban atmospheric environment, and concentrated on the promotion of high-quality, low-sulfur coal, key enterprises, flue gas treatment, dismantling of coal-fired boilers, dust pollution control, and controlling the pollution of key enterprises, such as the coal and ash pile special battles, air pollution control work. And other special battles, air pollution control work has achieved certain results, urban environmental quality has improved significantly. 2004 urban air pollution index of 2.68. urban air pollution index was 2.68. urban two or more good, good weather up to 280 days, good, good weather up to 76.7% of the year, an increase of 69 days over the previous year. At the end of the year, the city has 14 environmental monitoring stations, smoke and dust control area of 6, smoke and dust control standard area of 137.8 square kilometers. The city's industrial smog emission compliance rate of 98%, industrial enterprises wastewater discharge compliance rate of 98%, industrial solid waste disposal utilization rate of 90%. Significant improvement in landscaping, the end of the year, 35 city parks, an increase of 7 over the previous year, the park area of 593 hectares, an increase of 172 hectares over the previous year; urban landscaping green area of 4366 hectares, landscaping green coverage of 4944 hectares, an increase of 525 hectares and 505 hectares respectively; per capita public **** green area of 7.1 square meters, an increase of 1.6 square meters over the previous year.

Opening up to the outside world

In 2004, the city's import and export continued to maintain rapid growth. The total value of foreign trade import and export amounted to 3.66 billion U.S. dollars for the year, an increase of 30.1% over the previous year, of which 2.88 billion U.S. dollars were exported, an increase of 23.5% (Customs import and export statistics caliber adjustment, the growth rate is calculated according to the same caliber after the adjustment). In exports, foreign-invested enterprises exports of 690 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 20.8%, state-owned enterprises export growth of 6.2%, the collective enterprise export growth of 2.3%.

Increased efforts to attract investment, the use of foreign capital and domestic capital has increased significantly. Newly approved the establishment of 95 foreign-invested enterprises during the year, the new contract total amount of 470 million U.S. dollars, contracted foreign investment amounted to 350 million U.S. dollars. The city's actual utilization of foreign capital of 352 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 33.8%, of which 330 million U.S. dollars in foreign direct investment, an increase of 36.5%, the growth rate increased by 1.9 percentage points. The city introduced 13.02 billion yuan of capital outside the city, an increase of 2.86 billion yuan over the previous year, an increase of 28.1%.

Culture and arts

Shijiazhuang has a long cultural history. In the Tang Dynasty, polo shows, musical performances, and the Northern Song Dynasty's court singing have all left a thousand years of charm in the ancient city of Zhengding. Especially "Yuanqu four" one of the Bai Park, is here to create the "Tang Minghuang autumn night wutong rain", "on the wall on the horse" and other ancient Yuan miscellaneous operas. Silk-string theater is one of the oldest types of theater in Hebei, Shijiazhuang City Silk String Theater Troupe performs plays such as "Empty Seal Boxes", "Bai Luosu", "Yang Family Generals" and so on, which are highly praised by both urban and rural audiences. In Shijiazhuang 15848 square kilometers of land, but also widely circulated running dry boat, stilt walkers, running bamboo horse, dragon lantern dance, lion dance, whip and other art forms, as well as "Lahua", "official umbrella", "Changshan War Drums Folk songs and dances such as "Lahua", "Official Umbrella" and "Changshan War Drums" can be said to blossom and compete with each other. By these traditional art forms composed of folk flowers, but also gradually by the field, the temple to the city street square, on the hall of elegant art.

In addition to the colorful folk songs and dances, rice-planting art, Shijiazhuang City, there are many colorful folk crafts. Xinji City is the State Ministry of Culture named the "hometown of modern folk painting", simple peasant painters with exaggerated, romantic features, reflecting the beautiful rural landscape and the desire for a better life, enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad.

Shijiazhuang is with the opening of the modern railroad and the rise of the city, reform and opening up to Shijiazhuang provides the opportunity to participate in the international economic cycle, built a modern metropolis, Shijiazhuang City, although the city was founded in a relatively short period of time, but its amazing development changes are admirable.

Over the years, Shijiazhuang cultural system in the municipal party committee, under the leadership of the municipal government, cultural investment continues to increase, infrastructure development faster, the overall development of social and cultural undertakings are listed in the "five projects" within the "well-being of the cultural projects" and "colorful weekend cultural projects". "Color Weekend Cultural Project" activities have been effective, the city **** built five national culturally advanced counties, eight provincial culturally advanced counties. At the same time art creation, production and performance has shown a good momentum of development. Now Shijiazhuang City has 19 performing arts groups, 22 performing arts venues, 300 mass cultural institutions, from the number of basic realization of the city has a group art museums, counties and counties have cultural halls, townships and villages have cultural stations. The city has 20 existing public **** library, with a bookstore, the total collection of 1,174,000 books. In recent years, Shijiazhuang's artistic creation **** won 33 national awards, 60 provincial awards, including the modern drama "family on the precipitate" won the seventh national "Five One Project" award, costume drama "Hu Feng Han Yue", "Dou E Grievance" won the first China Drama Festival Outstanding Drama Award and outstanding performance will be.

The prosperous development of the cultural market, to a certain extent, to meet the majority of people multi-level, multi-faceted cultural consumption needs, to improve the investment environment in Shijiazhuang City, to promote the construction of the two civilizations has played a positive role. At present, the city *** there are 298 scientific research and science and technology development institutions above the county, including 98 professional scientific research institutions, 54 institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions, 146 large and medium-sized enterprises technology development institutions. The city **** has 5500 schools of all levels and types, with more than 2 million students. Shijiazhuang city completed high-tech technology, industry and trade revenue of 12 billion yuan, for three consecutive times won the "National Science and Education Advanced City" title.

As of 2004, the city **** 27 performing arts troupes, 22 performing arts venues. There are 25 cultural centers and group art centers, and 21 public **** libraries with a collection of 2.8 million books. The comprehensive coverage rate of radio is 99.2%, and that of TV is 99.1%.

Ancient History

Shijiazhuang City is located in the south-central Yanzhao land, the west according to the towering Taihang, the east knot of the North China Plain, is the west of Hebei into the Shanxi must pass through. It is a new city, so far only a hundred years of history. But it is governed by the county (city) district has a long history. As early as 6,000 years ago, our ancestors lived and prospered here, engaged in a variety of production activities, to create a brilliant ancient culture.

Ancient Cultural Ruins

Baifukou Ruins: Ancient cultural ruins were discovered in Baifukou Village, a suburb of the present day, where a large number of stone axes, stone pots and pans, stone knives, and ceramic stoves were unearthed. It has been proved to be about 6,000 years old and belongs to the Neolithic Age.

Nanyangzhuang Site: Since 1977, the ancient site of Nanyangzhuang in Zhengding County has been excavated one after another. In addition to the discovery of houses, ceramic kilns, stoves, tombs, ash pits and other important remains, a large number of ceramics, stone tools and bone tools have also been unearthed. Archaeology shows that the ancient inhabitants here were mainly engaged in agriculture and hunting. They built houses and began to settle down. Daily use of ground stone tools, a wide variety of pottery industry developed, the primitive textile industry has appeared. With the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and the expansion of the social division of labor, men gradually replaced women in the production of the dominant position, the human society from matrilineal clan communes to patriarchal clan communes transition.

Taixi Shang Dynasty Ruins: Historical records show that the area around Shijiazhuang was under the direct rule of the Shang kings. Therefore, the sites of the Shang Dynasty here are very rich in cultural relics, almost all over the counties (cities) and districts. Such as Zhengding small Hakuang, Gaocheng Taixi, Zhaoxian double temple, Wuji Zhenjiazhuang, Yuan's Li Village, Zhanhuang Zhaili, Pingshan Yehe, Lingshou North Walled City, Luancheng Temple, Gaoyi West Qiu, Luquan North Huzhuang, Xinle in the same village, the western suburbs of the North Ducun, such as sixty or seventy places. Among them, Gaocheng Taixi Shang Dynasty site is the most famous.

Since 1973, archaeologists in Gaocheng Taixi carried out large-scale excavations, covering an area of more than 2,000 square meters, obtaining very important results. Among them, there are 14 house remains, two wells, 133 ash pits and 112 tombs. Most of the houses were built above the ground and a small part of them were half-ground caves, ranging from single, double and three rooms. Human skulls and animal carcasses were found in many places at the foot of the pillars, corners, and under the door shafts of the houses, and these were used to lay the foundation. In the tombs, the tombs of slave owners had slaves and livestock buried alive or killed alive in addition to the masters. This shows that the oppressive exploitation of slaves by slave owners in the Shang Dynasty was very cruel.

Taixi unearthed iron blade bronze battle-axe, is the meteorite iron forged into a thin blade, cast in the bronze battle-axe body and become. It shows that as early as in the 14th century BC, China's working people have a preliminary understanding of iron, and the use of meteorite iron. This is the study of China's iron use age, provides valuable physical information.

In the slave martyrdom tomb unearthed a 20 centimeters long, the widest 5.4 centimeters "acupuncture sickle", this is China's oldest surgical medical instruments found. Also unearthed a number of specimens of herbs such as peach kernel. These findings, for the study of China's ancient medical, medical history provides valuable evidence.

Xizhang Western Zhou site: the site in today's Yuanzhi County, Xizhang village east, east of the acacia water, 3 kilometers north of the county. It is 350 meters long from east to west and 310 meters wide from north to south, with an area of about 100,000 square meters. It belongs to the Western Zhou period. The chrome text on the bronzes unearthed from this ancient tomb reveals the 軧 country and its geographic location where the beginning of the Zhou was located, confirms the territory of the Zhou's initial sealing of Xing and Hou's country, fills the historical gap, and provides new historical materials for the study of Western Zhou history.

Warring States, Qin and Han

The State of a Thousand Riders--Zhongshan State

Zhongshan State was in a pivotal position during the Warring States period. As the old saying goes, "The Warring States period was so prosperous and declining that Zhongshan was the center of its jurisdiction." However, due to the history books are not loaded, it is difficult for future generations to understand the face of its history. In recent years, cultural relics and archaeologists of the great discovery, provides us with this possibility.

The rise of Zhongshan State: Zhongshan State was built for the fresh Yu, fresh Yu belongs to the "white Dixie" one, the Shang and Zhou Dynasty is still in a tribal state, distributed in northern Shaanxi. In the early Spring and Autumn period, it took the opportunity of strife between the states to move to the vast area east of the Taihang Mountains, the scope of which included Baoding and Shijiazhuang area. Through wars and trade, Xianyu had frequent interactions with the Central Plains, absorbed advanced culture, gradually improved social productivity, and the country grew stronger and stronger, finally unifying the Di tribes and establishing a state. Later, the state was repeatedly attacked by Jin and Wei and died. In 378 B.C., Duke Huan restored the state and decided to move the capital to Lingshou City (present-day Sanji Township, Pingshan County), which had a dangerous geographical location and superior natural conditions. At this time, Zhao, Wei, Qi and other vassal states were too busy fighting for supremacy and annexation to pay attention to Zhongshan. Zhongshan State made full use of this crucial opportunity to develop its economy, strengthen its power and expand its territory. The area it ruled was bordered by Yan in the north and Zhao in the south, and the area around Shijiazhuang was basically under its jurisdiction. Its status was second only to the seven warring states, and with the Eastern Zhou, Song, Wei, and known as the "thousands of ride (ride: refers to the ancient four horse-drawn chariot) of the country".

The capital city of the Zhongshan State: The capital city of the Zhongshan State, Lingshou Ruins, is located in Sanji Township, Pingshan County, north of Dongling Mountain and Niushan Mountain, south of the Hutuo River, east of today's Lingshou County, 10 kilometers. The city wall has long been gone. From the preserved underground rammed earth city foundation, the north-south length of 4.5 kilometers, east-west 4 kilometers, an irregular triangle, according to the natural terrain version of the building, the wall thickness of about 2.7 meters. The city is divided into two parts, east and west, by a north-south partition wall. The north of the east city for the palace building area, the south for the handicraft workshop and residential area; the north of the west city for the royal tomb area, the south for the commercial area, residential area and agricultural area. Palace building magnificent, ornate decorations. Developed handicrafts, workshops and detailed division of labor. It can be seen that the then capital city of Lingshou was very prosperous, and compared with Handan of the State of Zhao and the lower capital of the State of Yan, it was not inferior.

The tomb of King Zhongshan unearthed a lot of rare cultural relics. Such as: the king's tomb of the "zhao domain map" copper plate (China's earliest map), mountain-shaped copper, wrong gold and silver dragons and phoenixes copper program, fifteen even lamps copper lamps, silver head of the human figurines copper lamps, etc., fully demonstrated the middle of the warring states in the state of zhongshan highly developed level of handicrafts production.

The demise of Zhongshan State: When Zhongshan State was strong in force, it pursued the policy of pro-Qi and anti-Zhao, and often harassed the border of Zhao State. At the end of the 4th century BC, Zhao took advantage of the political corruption of the Zhongshan State and launched a crusade against it. In 307 BC, King Wuling of Zhao was severely thwarted in his attack on the Zhongshan State. In 305 B.C., Zhao attacked Zhongshan again, and the cavalry drove into the state with such force that the king of Zhongshan ceded four cities and towns to save it from destruction. In 300 B.C., Zhao launched a large-scale war aimed at destroying the state of Zhongshan, dispatching 200,000 troops for 5 years, and finally captured the capital city of Zhongshan, Lingshou, in 296 B.C., which led to the destruction of the state of Zhongshan. From then on, Zhongshan belonged to the state of Zhao.

Famous General of the Warring States -- Li Mu

Li Mu, a native of Zhao County, was a famous general of the State of Zhao at the end of the Warring States period. He ruled the army rigorously and was very strategic. When he led his troops to garrison the northern part of Zhao, he killed and wounded the Xiongnu with strange formations, so that the Xiongnu did not dare to violate the border.

Li Mu saved his country: In the late Warring States period, Qin began its campaign to unify the six states. In 236 B.C., Qin took advantage of the war between Yan and Zhao to send troops to attack Zhao, and the Zhao army was defeated. In 233 B.C., Qin troops attacked the banks of the Hutuo River, and the state of Zhao was in danger.

Li Mu, a general of Zhao, was ordered to go south to save his country against Qin from the northern border where he was defending against Xiong Nu. Li Mu led his army all the way through the mountains, day and night, and rushed back to the fat base (now southwest of Gaocheng) to face the Qin soldiers. The Qin general Huan Deng was so proud and arrogant that he attacked Li Mu without knowing his strength, and was beaten by the tough cavalry led by Li Mu, and the army collapsed. After the Battle of the Fat Bastion, Li Mu led his army to defeat the Qin army in the area of the defile. Li Mu was instrumental in saving the state of Zhao.

Qin's stratagem: After the defeat of the Qin army, the king of Qin realized that although Zhao had lost Lian Po, there was still Li Mu. In order to get rid of Li Mu, Qin planned a stratagem of separation. Qin bribed Guo Kai, a favorite minister of Zhao Wang Qian, with a large sum of money. Guo Kai, who was jealous of Li Mu's ability and desire for profit, falsely accused Li Mu of plotting a rebellion in front of the king of Zhao. The king of Zhao listened to the slander and killed Li Mu, and ordered Zhao Onion to lead his army to defend the defile. The king of Qin was delighted with the news and sent Wang Jian, a strong general, to lead his army eastward. Zhao Onion was incompetent and the defile was lost. In 228 BC, Wang Jian captured Handan. Zhao Wang Qian, who had brutalized the loyal people, was captured, and the state of Zhao fell.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of Han and Emperor Wen of Han sent Lu Jia on two missions to Panyu to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to the Han Dynasty. Zhao Tuo, with the unification of the motherland in mind, readily agreed. At the time of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, the tomb of Zhao Tuo's ancestors was enlarged in the southeast of Zhao Lingpu, a present-day suburb of the city, as a sign of respect to the king of Yue.

Zhao Tuo made significant contributions to the development of the Lingnan region, the promotion of ethnic integration and the maintenance of the unification of the motherland.

Han Xin's Backwaters

Han's Attack on Zhao: After the fall of Qin, in 206 BC, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought the historically famous Chu-Han War for the title of emperor. Zhao Wang Xie took the opportunity to restore his country. In 206 B.C., Han Xin, a Han general, took the opportunity that Xiang Yu was fighting in Shandong Province to take a shortcut and attack Zhao by going east to the defile. On hearing the news, King Xie of Zhao and his prime minister Chen Yu gathered 200,000 troops and intercepted the Han army at the defile, which led to the famous "Battle of the Backwaters" in history.

Backwater formation: Han Xin led the Han army along the ancient road of the defile, and advanced to 15 kilometers from the defile and set up camp. After thorough examination, Han Xin designed a set of bold combat program. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent 2,000 cavalrymen, each holding a flag, to sneak into the mountains and forests on the side of Zhao camp, and sent 10,000 men to line up on the east bank of Mianmian River with their backs to the river (it is said to be in today's Weishui Town). When the Zhao army heard that Han Xin had formed a formation with his back to the river, they ridiculed him for not knowing the art of war. When the day was about to break, Han Xin led his army and attacked the defile with the Han flag raised. Chen Yu led his army to meet him, and the war drums thundered and the horses neighing. The two armies fought for a long time, but Han's army feigned defeat and retreated towards the Mianmian River, abandoning their armor. Chen Yu led his army to chase after them, and when they arrived at the place where the Han army formed a line behind the water, the two sides started a fierce battle. The Han soldiers knew that there were enemy troops in front of them and the river behind them, and they were trapped in the "land of the dead", and there was no way to retreat from the desperate situation, so they all fought to the death. At this time, 2,000 cavalrymen lurking near the Zhao camp took the opportunity to raid the Zhao camp, took down the Zhao flag and changed to the Han flag. Chen Yu could not win the battle and ordered to retreat. On the way back, he suddenly saw the Zhao camp full of Han flags, the generals were shocked and the army was in great confusion. The Han army occupying the Zhao camp and Han Xin's main force attacked each other, and the Zhao army fled in panic. Chen Yu fled south with the remnants of his army and was captured and beheaded in Zhanhuang. This is the famous battle of "The Battle of Backwater" in the history of ancient wars, in which fewer men won than more. After the battle, Han Xin was asked by his generals why he had formed a formation with the water at his back. Han Xin said, the art of war does not say "trapped in the dead and then live, put the dead and then survive"? This is a flexible application of Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which is an innovation in the history of ancient warfare.

The Three Kingdoms, the two Jin dynasties, the North and South dynasties

Shijiazhuang area belongs to and ethnic integration

Shijiazhuang area belongs to: the Three Kingdoms period, Shijiazhuang area belongs to the jurisdiction of the State of Wei. In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty unified China. Due to the intensification of ethnic conflicts, in 310 the Capricorn Shi Le led Capricorn and Xiongnu soldiers to capture Changshan, and the area around Shijiazhuang came under the control of Houzhao, which was established by the Capricorns. 317 years later, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed. During the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the former Yan, established by the Xianbei tribe Murong Wuyi, and the former Qin, established by the Dizi tribe, successively took control of this area. After the Battle of the Interstate War, the Former Qin disintegrated and the northern part of the country fell into a state of division and fragmentation. Later Yan, founded by Murong Chui of the Xianbei tribe, and Northern Wei, founded by Tuoba of the Xianbei tribe, fought a war for Shijiazhuang, and in 397 the capital city of Later Yan, Zhongshan (present-day Dingzhou City), was captured by Northern Wei soldiers, and in 439 Northern Wei unified the Yellow River valley. During the Northern Dynasties, the area around Shijiazhuang came under the jurisdiction of Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.

Migration of ethnic minorities: During the Later Zhao period, a small number of Capricorn and Xiongnu officials, nobles, soldiers and merchants moved into the Shijiazhuang area. Some Xianbei and Capricorns moved in during the Former Yan and Former Qin periods. Later Yan built the capital of Zhongshan, Shijiazhuang area belongs to the capital city, Xianbei people moved in large numbers. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Xianbei tribe of Tuoba and other minorities also moved in large numbers. At that time, the population of ethnic minorities in Shijiazhuang accounted for more than 20%. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty introduced the equalization of land system, which reunited land and farmers and promoted the recovery of production and the integration of various ethnic groups.

Shu general Zhao Yun

The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty saw warlord groups dominating and fighting each other. During the warring years, there were some stormy figures, and Zhao Yun was one of them.

Friendship with Liu Bei: Zhao Yun was a native of Zhending (now Zhengding) in Changshan. In his youth, it was the time when the rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty were politically corrupt and the people were living in poverty. Witnessing the tragic scene of barren land and starving corpses everywhere, Zhao Yun was determined to pacify the chaos and make a great career.

In 191 A.D., Zhao Yun led a group of people to join the warlord Gongsun Zan. Liu Bei was serving with Gongsun Zan, and the two of them met and became close friends. Zhao Yun realized that Gongsun Zan had no ambition and was ravaging the people, so he returned to his hometown. 199 A.D., Liu Bei defected to Yuan Shao. Zhao Yun met Liu Bei in Yecheng (Linzhang, Hebei), and Liu Bei secretly sent Zhao Yun to organize a team for him, which became one of Liu Bei's earliest armed forces.

Being named "Marquis of Shunping": In 208, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao at Chang Ban Po in Dangyang, Hubei Province. Zhao Yun, who was born to fight and die with courage, rushed into Cao Cao's army three times to protect Liu Bei's wife and young son Ah Dou, and stood out from the siege. For this, Zhao Yun was promoted and commended.

Zhao Yun was able to act in the light of the overall situation without seeking personal gain. In one of the battles of the southern expedition, Zhao Yun captured the Wei general Xiahou Lan alive. He was a fellow countryman of Zhao Yun and had been close to him since childhood. Zhao Yun wanted to keep Xiahoulan by his side, but considering that he was well versed in law and suitable for military law, he recommended him to Liu Bei for an important position, so that Xiahoulan's talents could be utilized.

In 214, Liu Bei marched into Sichuan. Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, and Zhang Fei led a westward attack to occupy many places. Later, they besieged Chengdu, forcing Liu Zhang, the Yizhou pastor (the leader of the Sichuan cutthroat regime), to surrender. At that time, Liu Bei wanted to give the houses, fields and mulberry land in Chengdu to his generals. Zhao Yun suggested to Liu Bei, "Today, the world is not yet settled, we should strive for a great cause, and should not seek temporary comfort. We should return the people to live and work in peace and contentment, so that the country will be prosperous and the people will be at peace, and we will be able to resist the strong enemy." Liu Bei heard this and readily adopted it.

In the year 219, Dongwu captured Jingzhou, and the general Guan Yu was defeated and beheaded in Zhangxiang (northeast of present-day Dangyang, Hubei). Liu Bei was furious and wanted to send troops to fight with Wu to avenge Guan Yu's death. Zhao Yun suggested to Liu Bei that the main enemy is Cao Wei, not Wu. Now that Cao Pi has become the emperor, we should send troops to attack Wei. If we fight with Wu, we will make enemies on both sides, and the consequences will be unimaginable. Liu Bei did not listen to Zhao Yun's advice and attacked Wu in 222, but suffered a disastrous defeat. Soon after, Liu Bei fell ill and died in Baidi City (northeast of Fengjie, Sichuan Province).

In 229, Zhao Yun died of illness at the age of 70. He was buried on the east side of Jinping Mountain in Chengdu. Because of his loyal and peaceful life, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Marquis of Shunping". Zhao Yun was known as a victorious general, having fought hundreds of battles in his life and accomplished many miraculous feats. Together with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong, he was known as the "Five Tiger Generals" of the State of Shu.

Wei Zheng

Wei Zheng, a politician at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, was a native of Quyang under Julu (now Jinzhou City). He had a great ambition since childhood. At the end of Sui Dynasty, Wei Zheng participated in the peasant revolt of Wagang Army, and then returned to Tang Dynasty with Li Mi. Wei Zheng was the prime minister of Tang Emperor Li Shimin. He successively proposed to Emperor Taizong of Tang: the monarch "to listen to both is clear, partiality is darkness", "thin wealth, light rent", must "live in peace and think of danger, abstain from extravagance and thrift" and "appointing the wise and accepting the advice" and so on more than 200 suggestions. "In 633, Wei Zheng was ordered to preside over the compilation of the histories of Liang, Chen, Qi, Zhou and Sui. After Wei Zheng's death, Emperor Tang Taizong missed him and sighed: "Using bronze as a mirror, one can correct one's clothes; using the past as a mirror, one can see the rise and fall; using people as a mirror, one can know what one has gained and what one has lost. Wei Zheng died, I (the emperor called himself) died (lost) a mirror!" In the finishing Wei Zheng's belongings, found a piece of paper written on the "world, there are good and evil, the appointment of good people, the country safe, with the evil people, the country is bad", which can be said to be Wei Zheng's last advice.

Yan Gaoqing resisted the rebels

Starting a rebellion: In 755, the An Shi Rebellion occurred in the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan's rebels traveled south from Fanyang (present-day Beijing), crossed the Yellow River, occupied Luoyang, and attacked Tongguan Pass, intending to take Chang'an. At this time, the area around Shijiazhuang was part of Changshan County, with the county capital at Zhending (present-day Zhengding). Yan Gaoqing, the governor of Changshan, hated An Lushan's rebellion. In order to restrain the rebels from advancing westward, Yan Gaoqing united tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians in Hebei, raised a banner against the rebellion, and attacked An Lushan's rearguard forces in the area of Shijiazhuang.

An Lushan heard the news and, in order to relieve his rearguard, immediately sent Shi Siming to swing his army northward to attack Changshan directly. Yan Gaoqing faced the fierce enemy, calmly responded to the battle, and repeatedly repelled the rebels' attack. When tens of thousands of soldiers were killed in battle due to the lack of food and supplies inside and the lack of reinforcements outside, Yan Gaoqing remained steadfast and denounced An Lushan's rebellious behavior. An Lushan was so vicious that he had Yan Gaoqing and more than 30 members of his family executed.

Yan Gaoqing's leadership of the military and civilian resistance to the rebellion in Hebei, a powerful blow to the back of the rebel forces, for the later Li Guangbi, Guo Ziyi to pacify the rebellion to create the conditions.

Luquan, Lucheng, Fangshan three counties changed their names: before the Anshi Rebellion, Deer County called the spring county, according to legend, the Chu-Han dispute, Han Xin east to the Defile to attack Zhao, in a clear spring, shot a white deer and named. Xinji City called Rao Yang County Lucheng County. Pingshan County was called Fangshan County, named after the Fangshan Mountain in its territory. The Ziji Tongjian Hu Sanxian note cloud: "Liu Xu said: Ming Huang to An Lushan counter, change Changshan of deer springs said Deer, Rao Yang of Deer City said bundle deer, to pressure." The old tangshu - this record " is also recorded:" tianbao fifteen years in March, change changshan county for pingshan county, fangshan county for pingshan county, deer springs county for deer county, lucheng county for bundle deer county." It can be seen that the three counties were renamed at the same time, and the reason for the name change was to show the determination to pacify the An Shi Rebellion. Deer Spring, Lucheng two counties renamed, said to capture An Lushan intention, Fangshan County renamed that the Pingshan cover to take the meaning of the flat look at the rest of the rebellion.

Zhaozhou Bridge: Zhaozhou Bridge is located in Zhao County, south of Xiao River. Zhao County is known as Zhaozhou, so it is also known as Zhaozhou Bridge, commonly known as the local Dashi Bridge. Zhaozhou Bridge was built in the Sui Dynasty, after more than 1300 years, is still intact.

Zhaozhou Bridge is not only constructed at a high level of science and technology, but also beautifully modeled. In particular, the use of "open shoulder arch" (arch shoulder plus arch), later on China's bridge construction has a far-reaching impact, is the first in the history of the world's bridges, is the world's first open-shoulder arch bridge, than the emergence of similar bridges in Europe more than 700 years earlier.

Zhengding Longxing Temple: commonly known as the Big Buddha Temple, located in today's Zhengding City, East Gate Lane, is China's existing era of earlier, larger, more complete preservation of a Buddhist temple complex, is one of China's top ten famous temples. Longxing Temple was built in Sui Kaihuang six years, originally known as Longzang Temple. Song Dynasty was expanded, renamed Longxing Temple, and since then, successive generations have been rebuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Longxing Temple. The main building in the temple is the Great Prayer Pavilion, the Pavilion has a 22-meter-high bronze casting of the Buddha statue, which was ordered by Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song Dynasty, to cast. Buddha statue of uniform proportions, smooth clothing lines, beautiful face, kind eyes. Is China's highest existing copper cast Buddha, showing China's ancient excellence in the art of casting sculpture.

Chengding Tower: Zhengding City, now existing four towers: Lingxiao Tower, Sumeru Tower, Hua Tower, Cheng Ling Tower, were built in the Sui and Tang dynasties. These towers show people the ancient superb architectural art. Among them, Chengling Pagoda is located in Linji Temple in the south of the city. It is said that the famous monk Yixuan of the Tang Dynasty once presided over the temple and founded the Linji Sect, one of the five major Zen sects of Chinese Buddhism. After his death, his disciples built the Cheng Ling Pagoda to hide his mantle.

Buddhism flourished in Japan during the Southern Song Dynasty. The Japanese monk Eisai came to China twice to study, and transmitted the Linji Sect to Japan, becoming an important branch of Japanese Buddhism with great influence in Japan. In recent years, Japanese Buddhism has sent many delegations to Zhengding to pay homage to the ancestral pagoda, and they planted green pines and cypresses in front of the pagoda to symbolize the long-lasting friendship between China and Japan.

Cangyan Mountain Qiaoloudian: Cangyan Mountain is located in today's Jingfu County, near Hujiatan. Legend has it that it was the place where Princess Nanyang of Sui Dynasty became a nun, and it is an important temple mountain in Shijiazhuang. Fuqing Temple is an important temple in Cangyan Mountain, the bridge building hall is one of the main buildings of Fuqing Temple, built on a 15-meter-long, 9-meter-wide single-hole arch-shaped stone bridge. Stone bridge flying across the two cliffs between the cliffs, flying in the air above the 100-meter deep stream, floating to fly, like a rainbow. Under the bridge stone steps more than 300 steps, pick up the stairs up to the bridge building hall. Its building is a nine-ridged heavy eaves pavilion-style building, with the early Qing Dynasty architectural features, is one of the wonders of China's architectural history. Existing bridge building hall is the Qing Dynasty Kangxi years was destroyed by fire after the reconstruction.