Excuse me, who can tell me the details of pharmaceutical excipients? thank you

Medicinal excipients for small water injection: mainly divided into solvents (water for injection and non-aqueous solvents), solubilizers, cosolvents, pH regulators, antioxidants, emulsifiers, adsorbents, complexing agents, antibacterial preservatives, local analgesics, etc. The pharmaceutical excipients of Xiaoshui injection are basically the same as those of large-capacity injection, but the difference is that Xiaoshui injection can use more non-aqueous solvents, antibacterial preservatives and local painkillers, and no isotonic regulator is needed.

Nonaqueous solvent

The types of non-aqueous solvents can be divided into:

(1) alcohols, such as ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 3- butanediol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 1600, benzyl alcohol, etc. Most of these solvents can be mixed with water.

(2) dioxolane, such as formaldehyde glycidyl, 4- hydroxymethyl-1, 3- dioxolane, 5- hydroxy-1, 3- dioxolane, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3- dioxolane -4-.

(3) Ethers such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol polyethylene glycol ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be mixed with water and dissolved in ethanol and glycerol.

(4) Amides, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, n-(β- hydroxyethyl) lactoamide, N, N- diethyl lactoamide and N, N- diethyl -2- pyridine amide, can be mixed with water and easily dissolved in ethanol.

(5) Sulfoxide can be mixed with water and ethanol.

(6) Esters such as glyceryl triacetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl carbonate, ethyl lactate, ethyl oleate, butyl levulinate, benzyl benzoate, isopropyl myristate and vegetable oil (commonly used vegetable oils include cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, corn oil and soybean oil). Castor oil and olive oil are also used. ), etc. , soluble in fatty oil.

Application of non-aqueous solvents:

Among the above non-aqueous solvents, alcohols and esters are widely used in practice.

Local analgesics: commonly used benzyl alcohol, trichlorotert-butanol and procaine hydrochloride. At present, local analgesics are rarely used in chemical injection.

3) Pharmaceutical excipients for powder injection (including aseptic packaging and freeze-drying): mainly divided into solvents (water for injection), fillers, cosolvents, pH regulators, antioxidants, adsorbents, etc. Types and applications of cosolvent, pH regulator, antioxidant, adsorbent, etc. Powder injection is similar to small water injection in pharmaceutical excipients. Fillers are needed, non-aqueous solvents are not used, and antibacterial preservatives and local painkillers are generally not added.

Commonly used fillers include sucrose, lactose, mannitol, hydrolyzed gelatin, glycine, dextran, PVP, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, citric acid, sodium chloride, vitamin C, sodium deoxycholate and so on.

It is not difficult to find that compared with the varieties, standards and applications of pharmaceutical excipients for injection abroad, there are some defects in domestic pharmaceutical excipients for injection, such as fewer varieties and fewer medical standards, which seriously restricts the development of China's pharmaceutical industry. The relevant state departments have long realized the importance of auxiliary materials. In 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Notice on Recent Industry Technology Development Focus (Pharmaceutical Industry), which clearly pointed out that "support the development of new pharmaceutical excipients: focus on non-aqueous solvents for injection, cosolvents, ionic surfactants and refined lecithin and soybean phospholipids for intravenous injection; ……。 "