What is China's artistic conception? What is the relationship between Zen and poetry?

The world is endless, life is endless, and artistic realm is endless. "Nothing is new to me" (Wang Xizhi's poem) is the artist's feeling about the world. "Times are always new" is the brand of all great works. "Reviewing the past and learning the new" is the proper attitude of artistic creation and artistic criticism. A step forward in history is often accompanied by a step backward, exploring the root causes of poverty. Li and Du's genius never forgot to transfer to many divisions. /kloc-The Renaissance in the 0/6th century imitated Greece,/kloc-Romanticism in the 0/9th century looked forward to the new school in the Middle Ages and the 20th century, and traced back to the naivety of primitive art. ..

Modern China is at a turning point in history. A new situation is bound to emerge. However, more importantly, we should look at the old culture with sympathetic understanding and give a new evaluation. Exploring the special structure of China's artistic conception, which is the core and the most contribution to the world in China's cultural history, in order to spy out China's deep affection and brilliance is also an introspection of national culture. The Greek philosopher taught life: "Know yourself!" Modern philosophers say to us, "Transform the world!" In order to change the world, we must first understand each other.

(A) the meaning of artistic conception

Ding Gongan said to Shi in Beijing: "There is a gap in the Western Hills, and sometimes the first few seats are down, rain or shine!" The distance between Xishan and Xishan is not the physical distance, but the artistic conception in my heart.

Fang Shishu said in Notes on Teana Temple: "Mountains and rivers are covered with vegetation, which is a natural condition. Because the mind creates the environment, the heart is transported by hand, and this virtual environment is also. Virtual is real, because there is no gap between pen and ink-so the pen and ink of the ancients are beautiful in this mountain and Cang Shu, and the water is vivid and smooth, so it is a wonder of the world. Or if you are willing to sway, you can refine gold into liquid and abandon me to save essence. The song is as beautiful as a virtual shadow. "The whole essence of China's painting lies in these words. There are thousands of words in this article just to clarify this language.

Yunnan Tian's "Jiean Map" says: "Looking at the mountains and rivers, every grass and tree, every hill and valley are all made by the spirit of Jiean (referring to Jiean in Tang Dynasty), but not owned by the world. Its image is in the table of Liuhe, falling from four o'clock. It will swim endlessly with the chariot wheels and the wind. I really asked you to photograph the mountains from the ancient hills, the sun in Fenshui, the soil and chaff, the ice and snow. How do you know where Jie 'an is wandering when the customs are dirty? "

The "wandering heart" of a painter and poet is his unique spiritual realm, his image and the center of his artistic creation.

What is artistic conception? The relationship between man and the world can be divided into five realms due to different levels of relationship: (1) there is a utilitarian realm to meet physiological material needs; (2) Because people love each other, there is an ethical realm; (3) There is a political realm because of the mutual influence of the crowd combination; (4) Poor physics, pursuit of wisdom and academic realm; (5) there is a religious realm because of the desire to return to nature and the unity of man and nature. The utilitarian realm is dominated by benefit, the ethical realm is dominated by emotion, the political realm is dominated by power, the academic realm is dominated by reason, and the religious realm is dominated by god. But between the latter two, taking the specific life of the universe as the object, enjoying its hue, order, rhythm and harmony, so as to get a glimpse of the deepest reflection of myself; Turning a real scene into a virtual scene, creating an image as a symbol, and concretizing and materializing the highest human mind is the "artistic realm". The artistic realm is dominated by beauty.

So all beautiful light comes from the source of the soul: without the mapping of the soul, there is no beauty. Swiss thinker Amir said:

Natural landscape is a spiritual realm.

China great painter Shi Tao also said:

Mountains and rivers create mountains and rivers, which are passed down from generation to generation. ..... Mountains and rivers meet with God.

The artist's mind reflects everything and represents mountains and rivers. What he shows is the fusion and infiltration of subjective life perception and objective natural scenery, reaching a spiritual realm of flying fish leap, liveliness, delicacy and profundity; This spiritual realm is the "artistic conception" that constitutes art (but in music and architecture, this pure form in time and space expresses the deepest unspeakable artistic conception in people's hearts in a way that does not imitate natural scenes, while dance is a pure formal art that combines time and space, so it can be the fundamental form of all arts, which will be discussed later. )

Artistic conception is the crystallization of "emotion" and "scene" (image). Wang Anshi has a poem:

Yangliuqing is dark, and the lotus is sunset red.

Thirty-six vicious spring waters, white heads meet Jiangnan.

The first three sentences are all scenery, the gorgeous spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but the last sentence, all the scenery is shrouded, ah, infiltrated, an endless layer of melancholy, sadness of memories, and joy of reunion, intertwined with scenes, becoming a beautiful "poem."

Ma Yuan Dongli has a poem called "Tianjingsha":

Dead vines, old trees, faint crows, small bridges, flowing water,

The ancient road is sparse, and the sun sets-

Heartbroken people are at the end of the world!

It is also the first four sentences that describe the scenery completely, and the last sentence describes the feelings. The whole article is transformed into a sad, lonely and desolate universe.

Artistic conception, because of people, places, feelings and scenery, presents a variety of colors, such as Manizu, which conjures up a variety of beauty. The same scene of a star in "Night on a Beautiful Moon" reflects several different poetic scenes:

Yuanyang contains the cloud "Looking at the Moon in Jingyang Palace":

The mountains and rivers are slightly shaded, and the wind and dew are silent for nine days.

Shen Zhou (Ishida), a painter in Ming Dynasty, wrote Writing for Monks;

There is a shadow on the Ming River outside Wei Yun, clear and silent.

Qing sheng "white lotus" cloud:

Half of the river is fading, and Leng Yun has no fragrance.

Yang's poems cover the dry spirit of feudal emperors, the secluded land of Shen Shi, and the poet's lingering heart of mountains and rivers. A main weather, a main meditation (Zen) and a main emotion. As for Lu Guimeng's famous saying about the white lotus in the Tang Dynasty: "No one can see the heartlessness and hatred, and the moon and the breeze are hungry." But it is vivid for flowers and partial to the wind. Although poetic and picturesque, it is mainly about chanting things.

In an artistic expression, emotion and scenery blend and penetrate each other, so as to find the deepest emotion, which is deeper than one layer and penetrates into the deepest scenery at the same time, and which is more crystal clear than one layer; Scenery is full of emotion, and emotion is concrete, so a unique universe and brand-new image have emerged, which has enriched human imagination and opened up a new realm for the world. As Yunnan Tian said, "All souls want to be unique, but they are not owned by the world!" This is what I call "artistic conception". Nature comes from the outside, and the heart comes from the inside. These two instructions from Zhang Xuan, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, are the basic conditions for the emergence of this artistic conception.

(2) Artistic conception and landscape

Tang Cai Zhen, a native of the Yuan Dynasty, said, "Mountains and rivers are beautiful things, with dim yin and yang, sunny and rainy, cold and hot, morning and night, and endless fun. It's not like hills and valleys in the chest, it's like boundless waves. It is not easy to write. "

The creation of artistic conception is to make the objective scenery a symbol of my subjective feelings. There are thousands of thoughts, waves and manners. It is not a fixed outline of an object that can be expressed in scale. Only the vivid landscape of mountains, rivers, vegetation and clouds can represent the endless inspiration in our minds. The inscription in Yunnan said, "When I wrote this beautiful cloud mountain, I felt homesick, and the silk powder at the end of the pen was clear with tears." Landscape has become a medium for poets and painters to express their feelings. Therefore, China's paintings and poems all focus on loving landscape, which is quite different from the western artistic techniques that focus on the human body since Greece. Dong Qichang put it well: "Poetry is based on mountains and rivers, and mountains and rivers are also based on poetry." The poetic heart endowed by the artist reflects the poetic heart of heaven and earth. (A poem says: The poet's heart of heaven and earth. Mountains and rivers are the reflection of the poetic soul of the universe; The active mind of painters and poets is the creation of the universe itself. Its ups and downs are like clouds in the sky and geese in a cold pond, ethereal and natural!