civilian residential housing of miao nationality

Due to long-term scattered living, different regions have their own characteristics. Most houses are made of wood, and the roofs are covered with tiles, fir bark or thatch. In central or western Guizhou, thin slate is used to cover roofs. Mountainous areas are mostly diaojiao buildings; Hainan Island and Zhaotong, Yunnan Province are inhabited by long thatched houses or "fork houses" built with cross trunks; Xiangxi area is full of stone houses.

Most Miao people live in mountainous areas, and their houses are made of hedges, bark, tiles, or gables, bamboo chips or sawdust, and are divided into bedrooms, kitchens and stables, with simple furnishings. Some Miao people live in the dam area, and their houses also have tile houses with water and soil structure, which are divided into three rooms, with side doors on the left and right and a gate in the middle, that is, the main entrance. In some Miao people, the main entrance is generally not allowed to go in and out casually. Only when there are weddings, funerals, sacrifices and other activities at home can you go in and out through the main entrance.

Building a house is a very solemn thing in the life of Miao people, and the choice of foundation and date of the house is very particular. Miao people generally live in villages, and their homesteads choose to avoid shade and face the sun. Some choose to be in the rolling peaks around, some choose to be on the mountainside surrounded by peaks or in the mountains backed by cliffs, and some choose to be under pines and cypresses or on the mountains with overlapping mountains. The rich also specially invited Mr. Feng Shui to choose the standard and the homestead.

After choosing the homestead, it is very important to choose the date. First of all, we should speculate from the age of the previous generation: whether there is a genus, if there is no gram, it is a good omen. Generally, the Miao family likes ugly, ugly, old, unfinished, unitary and old days as auspicious days. After the auspicious day was set, the master invited a skilled carpenter to go up the mountain with wine, meat, horn, glutinous rice, scented paper, axe, saw and ruler, and chose a lush, stout and tall Chinese fir as the central pillar of the new house, which was called "riding a horse". Before cutting down the tree, the carpenter caressed the wine and pinched the meat at the root of the fir tree as a sacrifice, saying, "Which tree is the biggest?" Which tree is the tallest? This tree is the biggest! This tree is the tallest! There are nine people holding nine clouds. Today, I will cut you down and build a house. "After reading the concubine, the carpenter master cut three axes in the tree with an axe and gave it to his master to cut three axes. Then give the axe to the helper to cut down the tree. The direction in which the tree falls is very particular. You must try to fall the tree to the east as a sign of good luck. Then saw off the cut trees, peeled and shaved according to the size of the pillars, and transported them home. Carpenters also have to burn incense and light candles, kill chickens to worship Lu Ban, and carefully put an ink line on the stigma, which is called "hair ink", indicating the start of the new house.

It is a great event to put beams after a new house is built. Liang Mu's choice is also very particular. Generally, Chinese fir, Toona sinensis and Catalpa bungeana are selected. This kind of tree is very renewable. After the main tree is cut down, many new branches will be sent out from the roots in the next year, which indicates prosperity. The local custom is that Liang Mu was given by Uncle Lang. On this day, Uncle Lang's family cut the beam, made it into wool, wrapped it in red cloth, and had it carried to the host's house. The host should prepare firecrackers to meet Liang Mu at the entrance of the village. Respondent: Noah's Ark 123456 | Level 1 | March 9, 200919:12.

In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. First dry the rice (or dry it on the kang), pour it into a wok to remove the rice bran, and then eat it now, weighing 3-5 kg each time. Now many places have used electricity and water to grind rice. When cooking, Miao people often add 6-7 times of cooking rice into it, then take it out when the rice soup is half cooked and steam it in a wooden steamer. There are also boiled and steamed corn, wheat and millet mixed together. Bags and buckwheat are pushed into flour or granules with a stone mill for eating. Mix flour with water, pour it into water and steam it as a staple food. Miao people at the junction of Guangxi and Yunnan and Guizhou call it "flour rice". Miao people in Sichuan Province eat noodles and other staple foods made of wheat, buckwheat or corn flour. Miao people in some areas of Guizhou have steamed oats, roasted with slow fire in the original pot, then ground into powder and fried as their daily staple food. Miao people attach importance to glutinous rice and regard it as a symbol of good harvest and good luck. When eating glutinous rice, sometimes it is steamed first, poured into a wooden trough while it is hot, mashed with a hammer, then torn into small balls by hand, flattened with wooden boards, soaked in mountain spring water after being completely cooled, and replaced at any time. It can be stored for 4-5 months and can be burned, roasted or fried when eaten. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. Deep-fried Baba is made by soaking glutinous rice and a small amount of soybeans, beating them into slurry, then scooping the beaten thick slurry into a mold made of iron sheet and frying them in boiling oil to get golden yellow. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious.