What are the names of the shoes worn by ancient people?

Shoes, articles worn on feet to prevent foot injuries, were mostly sandals and cloth shoes in the early days of human civilization, but now they are mostly leather shoes and sports shoes. But do you know the name of the shoes worn by ancient people? The following are the names of shoes worn by ancient people that I sorted out for you, hoping to help you.

Shoes worn by ancient people

Ancient shoes are also very distinctive. According to literature, the earliest shoes, no matter what material, are collectively called "shoes". Shoes are the general term for footwear. There was a "Shou Ren" post in the Zhou Dynasty, which belonged to Tianguan and specialized in all kinds of shoes used by kings and queens. Such as "Zhou Li?" "Tianguan" records: "The people in charge of the king and queen are dressed in red, black, red, yellow, blue, plain and green. "The Book of Rites again? Qu Lilu: "There are two things outdoors. If you speak, you will be admitted. You can't get in without talking. "If you can't go to class and feel that you can't, just kneel down and do it." The following are some customs of wearing shoes in ancient times:

Before furniture such as tables and chairs appeared, people used to sit on the floor. This kind of floor mat is not only a floor mat, but also a seat. At night, it becomes a mattress. In order to keep the mat clean and tidy, you need to take it off and put it outside the door. According to the rules at that time, seeing two pairs of pens at the door means that there are two people in the room. In order to show respect for others, you can only go in if you hear the people inside talking loudly. Before going in, take off the raft and put it under the stone steps at the door; When you come out to wear it, you must be in a squatting position. "Li" here is the general term for shoes. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, Confucius emphasized in Justice of Mao Poetry: "A man is both a man and a woman, which is a common name. \'"

After the Warring States period, the word "shoe" replaced the word "shoe" and became the floorboard of shoes. "Han Feizi's theory of foreign storage": "Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure them and let them sit." Hanshu? Zheng Chongchuan: Zheng Chong was promoted to be a servant of Shangshu by the funeral emperor. Whenever Zheng Chong "drags shoes and shoes" to see him, "he smiles and says,' I know uncle Zheng's footsteps." "The' shoes' here are the floorboard of shoes. So Yang Xiong said in his book Dialects? Zheng Xiaoyi? Cystic disease P hot? " Jiajie Street is closed to the west, and it is also a common saying that there is wood in it.

About the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the word "shoe", which originally meant "leather shoes", replaced the word "shoe" and became a general term for all kinds of shoes. A Historical Tour of Han History "Urgent Articles": "Footwear? Kevin·Z? " "I am poor." Don Yan Shigu notes: "? Lip disease? Cao Tingdong in Qing Dynasty also said in his book "Essays on Health Care": "Shoes are shoes, now called shoes. "This term is still in use today, so there are names such as cloth shoes, leather shoes, overshoes and travel shoes.

Like clothes, ancient shoes were bound by gifts. Among all kinds of shoes, the most expensive one is called "Meng".

Lycium barbarum is a kind of shoes worn by queens and officials of ancient kings when they salute. Usually kudzu cloth or leather is used as the surface layer, kudzu is used in summer and leather is used in winter; Pueraria lobata is a kind of cloth made of pueraria lobata fiber. Because of its strong texture, it is used to make shoes. Before it is made, it is dyed into various designated colors like leather.

According to Zhou Li's regulations, the clothes worn by the queen's concubines, officials and officials on different occasions must be of different colors, and they must match the crown clothes worn by the wearer.

The colors used by kings and princes are red, white and black, with red as the top color; The winning colors used by the queen's maid are Xuan, cyan and red, with dark black as the top color. That is to say, in the most grand sacrificial occasion, the son of heaven wears a coronation suit and a red ribbon at his feet; On the same occasion, the queen and the king sacrificed together and wore? Clothes, feet wear xuangan. So Zheng Xuan is annotating The Book of Rites? Celestial officer? In the section of "People", it is said: "Wang Ji has nine clothes, and he has three classes: red clothes are the best, and the crown is to serve; "Poetry" cloud' Wang Xizhi Han Hou, Xuanbao red fan. Then the vassal communicated with Wang Tong. It is white and black. After serving the six queens, only the sacrificial clothes have been obtained, and Xuan Yu is the best. Nice clothes, too "It's green and red." In the Tang dynasty, Jia further researched and said: the monarch and the vassal matched Wei and Pi with their own clothes, and matched the crown with black clothes; Queen with Xuanzang? Clothes, green ones have shaking lent, and red ones have sparrow lent. There is also a "seedling" made of the same color silk fabric in the center of the head, and a small hole is left at both ends of the seedling to pass through the rope system, so as to tighten the rope belt after wearing it and avoid slipping. It is said that in addition to practical purposes, there is also an intention to restrain the wearer to warn him to be cautious, take the right path and not take the wrong path. Zheng Xuan said in his book "Rites of Rites": "When you were arrested, you held the head of the trip and thought you would quit. That's what I'm saying.

As for minors, there are generally no scars on their heads. Such as the Book of Rites? Yuzao said, "A young man is unfair. He is not jealous." According to the Song Dynasty poet Zhao Yanwei's "Clouds Full of Nest", "He is jealous, so he shows warning, but the boy is not jealous and can't stop." Because boys are not adults, they don't need to be bound like adults. In addition, a thin roller made of ribbon was added at the joint of the upper and the sole, named "Mao". "Zhou Li? Celestial officials have names such as "Red Point" and "Yellow Point". Zheng Xuan quoted Zheng Sinong as saying, "The red headland and the yellow headland are bordered by red and yellow silk. "In order to increase the fastness of shoes, materials such as grid cloth are sparsely organized. If you don't use this kind of binding, you can sew directly with the sole, and the fastness will be greatly reduced. Until today, people still use this kind of binding when making cloth shoes and leather shoes, but few people know that this kind of binding existed 3000 years ago. Although wool only occupies a small position in shoes, it was still restricted by etiquette in ancient times. According to the system of Zhou dynasty, the color of hair must be determined according to the severity of etiquette, and it must match the wearer's crown, otherwise it is impolite. In addition, there is a roller named "Spring" at the shoe mouth.

The difference between shoes and shoes is mainly in the sole, which is mostly single-layered, while the sole is two-layered, with the upper layer made of cloth and the lower layer made of wood. This practice is for practical purposes, because these shoes are mainly used for sacrifice and sacrifice. In ancient times, the form of worship was complicated, especially sacrifice. The ceremony is very complicated and the saluter needs to stand for a long time. The wooden bottom is placed under the coffin to prevent the wearer from standing for too long and wetting the sole. For some "suburban sacrifices" with altars in the suburbs, Liu Xi "explains? "Yi Yi" said: "It is also a courtesy to walk and decorate your feet. Later called Yu. " After a long ceremony, the ground or mud was wet, so the wood fell below and dried the wax. "That's the truth.

Yan appeared in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. There are many records about Yan in the Book of Songs, such as Feng Feng? Wolf postscript: "Gong Sunshuo's skin, you are a little red." "Xiaoya? Car attack: "There will be a difference between red and gold. "That is in line with the dress code at that time.

After the Warring States period, its system was once lost, but it was restored in the Han and Wei Dynasties. "Once"? "Jade Fu Zhi" records: "Xian Zong became a great cause, first wearing a crown, clothes, goods, worship heaven and earth." Three kingdoms? Shu Wei? Qi Guochuan: "In the summer of April, he was crowned by King Sima Wen and crowned with a red robe." It can be seen that in the Han and Wei dynasties, the traditional local system was restored at the same time. Today, from the Han stone relief in Wushi Temple in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province, we can see people saluting with high bottoms. During this period, high-end wooden objects were also unearthed in Han Ji, Le Lang and North Korea, but no ornaments were found on the top of the wooden head.

In the Jin and Six Dynasties, following the ancient system, salute shoes were still used. There are many records in the history books. There were some minor changes in the Northern Dynasties, mainly replacing the wooden soles with leather soles, because leather boots were particularly popular at that time, and people were inspired by the soles of leather boots and thought they were more practical than the original wooden soles. The restoration of the wooden bottom in the Sui Dynasty was in line with the so-called "dry wax principle" in ancient times, purely from the perspective of respecting the ancient system. Sui Shu? Chronology of Etiquette: "In modern times, replacing wood with heavy leather lost the meaning of dry wax. Today, the principle of dry wax is that wood is the most important thing. " All clothes should be worn in the crown and clothes, and all clothes should be used in shoes. "Wearing royal clothes, it can be seen that during the Sui Dynasty, etiquette clothes were still used.

Since the Tang Dynasty, hundreds of officials have abandoned their boots in court. Old Tang book? "Biography of Wei Bin": (Wei) is too thick to joke in the DPRK. Those who have tasted the heavy snow in the palace are relatively upright, and the guests are already motionless. Snow is as heavy as his boots, but he hasn't lost his respect. "This is an example of officials wearing boots at that time. However, when offering sacrifices, you should wear cigarettes instead of boots. It can also be seen from books such as the General Code compiled by Du You, an official in the Tang Dynasty, that courtiers still wear "red incense" on the most solemn sacrificial occasions, while empresses use "green incense" to accompany the sacrifices, which is slightly different from the ancient system.

The Song Dynasty followed the Tang system, offering cigarettes and taking boots. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the system was once reformed: offering cigarettes for sacrifice and taking shoes for the dynasty. Soon the boot system was restored. Such as "Song History? "Jade Fu Zhi" records: "In the early Song Dynasty, the old boots were used. Politics is more formal, use boots instead. ZTE is still here. After walking on the road for seven years, I changed into boots. "However, the sacrificial shoes are still in use and have not changed." "Dream of China in Tokyo" recorded in detail the process of the emperor's "coming to the suburban altar to salute", which recorded that when he arrived at the sacrificial place, the emperor "changed his sacrificial clothes: 24-year-old Pingtianguan, Qinglong Yi, Dan and Zhu Kun. "Zhu Qian is ChiQian.

The Liao, Jin and later Yuan Dynasties, which coexisted with the Song Dynasty, also offered sacrifices to shoes. In the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to retaining the original features, jade ornaments were added to the coffin head and the coffin lid was decorated with patterns. This is recorded in the yuan dynasty history. Because of the age, of course, this kind of sacrificial shoes can't be seen now, but they were still reflected in the paintings at that time, such as the image of the Emperor of Heaven in the mural of Sanqing Hall in Yongle Palace, Shanxi Province, and these shoes were worn on his feet. In the Ming dynasty, it was used not only for sacrifices, but also for court meetings. And the color of acenaphthene is used separately. Such as "Ming history? Jade Fu Zhi records the emperor's suburban worship, provincial worship, the marriage between the Crown Prince and Chu Jun, drunkenness and so on. Wearing the crown of the sky and dyeing it red with your socks; Wang Shuo looked at the court, decreed the imperial edict, reduced incense, took a seat, paid tribute to Siyi, paid tribute to foreign officials, and sent a funeral message to counselors, wearing leather clothes and black socks. When the queen receives this book, visits temples and attends meetings, she will wear green socks and a blue ribbon decorated with gold.

After entering the Qing Dynasty, court officials and empresses wore boots when offering sacrifices to the court, and the system was abolished.

Lycium barbarum is a shoe used by ancient nobles to sacrifice to North Korea. Ordinary people don't attend court meetings, of course, there is no need to have court shoes; However, there are still some sacrificial activities, but the ceremony is not as complicated as that of noble men and women, and the salute time will not be so long, so the shoe system is relatively simple.

Among the sacrificial shoes worn by the people, there is a kind of shoes with a special style, which is called "Down Lot" and some are called "Down Night". It's shaped a bit like a shovel, but the sole is thinner than the shovel. Popular in Han dynasty, mostly used by women. Chinese dialect: "If there is a tree in it, it is called a comeback." If you go east from the gate and return to your position, you will be called lucky. Interpretation of Liu Xi? Release clothes: "Just like at night, it is dangerous to be late. Short women can worship it. " Ordinary people sacrifice in their ancestral temples or family temples, wearing the same shoes as those used for weddings, coronations and banquets, and there are no special shoes for sacrifice.

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