Tujia swing hand dance introduction

The Tujia is a people who can sing and dance well, here is my detailed introduction to the Tujia Hand Waving Dance!

The Tujia are a people with a long history, two thousand years ago, they settled in today's western Hunan, western Hubei, they call themselves "Bizka", is the meaning of the locals. They are mainly located in Hunan Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yongshun, Longshan, Baojing, Guzhang, Jishou, Luxi and other counties, as well as Enshi area in Hubei Province, and live in mixed communities with the Han, Miao and other ethnic groups.

They are in the long-term labor life to create a brilliant national art culture, the ancient "swinging hand dance" is the most representative of the Tujia folk dance. The ancient "Hand Pendulum Dance" is the most representative folk dance of the Tujia people. "It is widely spread and has different names. Some call it "Sheba Ri" or "Sheba Gezi", which means shaking hands or playing with waving hands; some call it "Sheba", which means waving hands; some call it "Sheba Camel", which means dancing with waving hands. ", meaning jumping swinging hands; called "jumping year" (Chinese), although the name is more, but the performance form and content is basically the same. Whenever the celebration of the New Year, to commemorate the ancestors or reunion, the Tujia people have to jump "swinging hands dance".

"Waving hands dance" has a long history, in Yongshun County suburb of the stone wall engraved with an ancient poem: "Thousands of years of copper columns strong border (Note), the old name of the eighteen divisions, about the New Year with the hands, see the wind first to the Tujia King's Shrine." In addition, in the past, the "tima" (Tujia word for leader, the one who organized the hand-waving dance) recited a narrative of the Tujia people. There are also a number of references to the Hand Swinging Dance in the epic poem of the Tujia people, "The Record of Migration," which is recited by the Tujia people. For example, "People who swing their hands, put all our radishes, big or small, into the basket, and all the things we use for swinging our hands into the basket." It is understood that the migration of the Tujia people is about five generations before and after the event, which shows that the emergence of a more complete pendulum dance time has been more than a thousand years.

In the "Yongshun Fu Zhi", the pendulum dance activities at that time had such a record: "Walled villages have pendulum hall, the first three days of the first month of the year to 17 days, the night gongs and drums, men and women get together, dancing and singing, called the "pendulum", the custom is still alive." Whenever the hands of the festival, people draped in gorgeous quilt brocade (quilt), hundreds or even thousands of embroidered with dragons and phoenixes, painted with birds and animals of the colorful flags, while the sound of wooden drums, gongs and cymbals, hundreds of bird guns, people's laughter, convergence of a faction of the festive clamor, shaking the valley. Thousands of people gathered in the "Hand Swinging Hall" in front of the "Temple of the Eight Ministries", formed a circle, men and women together, limbered up and danced in and out, took sturdy and healthy steps and swung their hands, and they could dance for several days and nights in a row. Peng Shiduo of the Qing Dynasty once described in detail the scene of the "hand-waving dance": "The brocade in the city of Fushi is a nest, and the water by the Palace of the King of the Earth is a wave, and the red lamps are ten thousand points into a thousand stacks, and a piece of the lingering hand-waving song."

There is a distinction between the "Big Hand Waving Dance" and the "Small Hand Waving Dance".

"Small hands" where there are Tujia settlements have, smaller scale, as long as the village next to a small ping, set up a small temple (for the king of the soil), into the "pendulum palm", "small pendulum" dance movements, in order to "pendulum palm", "small pendulum". "The dance movements to simulate agricultural labor.

"big swinging hand" scale, "big swinging hand" place is a few counties will be sacrificed, or a few townships will be sacrificed place. Here ping big, temple big, to the "swinging hands" season, the nearby Tujia men, women and children, are wearing the most beautiful clothes to participate. Because the Tujia people live in different areas, the original name is different, so the ancestors and the construction of the temple shrine is also different, ancestor worship rituals are also different.

Such as Longshan County Horseshoe Walled City, many descendants of the Tian surname, legend has it that the ancestors of the Tian family is the Tian good man, eight brothers are eight generals, so the construction of a magnificent eight temple. In the holding of the "big hand", the field erected masts, hanging phoenix and dragon flags, hanging lamps, the field has a prairie rack, placed next to the bamboo bundles, so the lighting of the use. There is also a fire tree in the field, two, dedicated to burning firecrackers. Roadside inserted with a sign light, written with "abundant harvest", "peace in the world" and other words, the shrine has a rope, in order to prepare for the people will be hanging lanterns or birds of prey on the upper side. In front of the hall of God set a sacrificial case, specializing in playing a variety of beasts.

The whole activity is divided into three nights, the first night by the "tema" presided over the ancestor worship, the first by the "tema" to invite God, and then hit the mountain birds, beasts, beasts on the spot to kill for, and finally drinking feast. The second night, the village of young people clad in hand-woven colorful brocade quilt as the ancient armor, holding a knife, gun, flag and other equipment, martial arts performances. Only on the third day did they begin to dance the "hand-waving dance"

Another example is Yongshun County, where seven villages of the Tujia people are worshipped together. A long torch made of dried bamboo is lit on the wide ping. A long torch is lit on the wide ping, and the rituals are conducted under the auspices of the "Pendulum Man" (Tima), and then the people dressed as "Maogus" perform the rituals. ("Mogus" is a simple theater performance sung in the native language, with the actor clad in straw and a few straw braids on his head.) The performance *** is divided into five nights, the first night of which is spent sweeping the floor and singing the December production song; the second night of which is spent hunting; the third night of which is spent fishing; the fourth night of which is spent catching the bride; and the fifth night of which is spent teaching the "Maogus" how to read. In the sequence of the "Maugus" performance and in the intervals between the performances, they dance the "hand-waving dance". People dance various kinds of movements that simulate production or interesting movements in life. Sometimes they sing mountain songs or love songs.

The "Hand Waving Dance" is a collective dance, mostly in a circle, with gongs and drums in the center or on the side. Men, women and children of all ages can participate, sometimes two people in a row or four people in a row, sometimes women in the inner circle. The "guide" leads the dance before the line, and there are "showers" between the lines to demonstrate the dance. After the line, there is a "escort" who presses the line and sings and dances to the accompaniment of the gongs and drums. Generally speaking, the dance is performed in a circle before changing to another action, and each action is connected together to form a complete plot. For example, the movements of harrowing, rice-planting, pulling grass, and looking at the sun are connected together to show the labor process of spring production. The healthy and simple dance posture, the high and free singing accompanied by the strong rhythm of gongs and drums, gives people a fresh and warm feeling.

In some places, the dance is held in the palm of the hand. "Pendulum Hall" is divided into a hall (i.e., the main hall), two halls, the beginning of the hall men and women in a hall pendulum, women in the inner circle, men in the outer circle. Then the men stay in the main hall to perform the ritual, expressing their prayers for happiness and contentment, and their emotions are very serious. The women go to the second hall pendulum, the mood is cheerful.

The Pendulum Dance is a large-scale dance of the Tujia people, which truly reflects all aspects of the life of the Tujia people for thousands of years, including hunting and labor; military battles; agricultural production, as well as reflecting daily life, etc.

The Pendulum Dance is the most important dance of the Tujia people.

In the "Waving Hands Dance", the movements reflecting agricultural labor are the most numerous. It reflects the production activities of the Tujia people in a year. Among them, there are cutting fire residue, digging, burning ash, accumulating fertilizer, planting cereals, planting cotton, grass-gathering, rice-planting, cutting and threshing, etc.

The pendulum hand dance reflects the most agricultural labor movements.

The basic pendulum dance is: double paint slightly bent, the left foot step forward, hands swing forward, when the hands gently swing back, the right foot is followed by a half-step forward; and then do it again in the opposite direction; and then the left foot step forward, the right foot half a step forward, hands before and after the gently swinging two times; the two feet stop, hands before and after the pendulum once again. This is called "single pendulum". If you swing again in the opposite direction, it is called "double swing". Agricultural action is mostly based on the "single pendulum", to show "digging", hands in the swing, do digging, to show "planting rice seedlings", hands do planting rice seedlings and so on. In short, the movements in agricultural production can be absorbed into the "Pendulum Dance". Performance of military battles when the pendulum, the pendulum divided into east-west arrangement, the interval of more than a zhang wide, five people in a "platoon", two rows of a "than", four rows of a "team", "than the pendulum", "the pendulum", "the pendulum", "the pendulum", "the pendulum", "the pendulum", "the pendulum". "Than the pendulum" twenty people, "team pendulum" forty people, holding a spear or Qi Mei stick, decorated with red tassels or yellow silk. Pendulum will hold the weapon diagonally, and then a pendulum of three leaps towards the other side, the two sides close to the two weapons exchanged, after a few rounds, jump to the other side of the position, that is, the weapon will be held straight, and slowly turn around, facing the other side. Then, you will be able to return to your original position with your original movements. This is considered to be the completion of a "swing". At this time, the drums and gongs are beating fervently "December", "dragon playing in the water" and other drum beats, indicating a warm welcome to the triumphant warrior.

Reflecting the hunting life, there are "fighting tiger with empty fists", "getting tiger", etc. These movements are "waving hands", "waving hands", "waving hands", "waving hands", "waving hands" and "waving hands". This kind of action is the "swinging hand dance" in the oldest action, and thus gradually lost, and currently preserved "jumping toad", "wooden eagle flash wings", "dragging pheasant tail" and so on. The "Pheasant Tail Dragging" and so on.

In the Pendulum Dance, there are also movements that reflect the daily life of the Tujia people. For example, they are playing "Poa", "Mosquito", "Straw Shoes", "Cow Fighting" and so on.

In addition, there are some other movements, such as pirouette pendulum, jumping, set of pendulum, Le Taiping and so on, reflecting the joyful mood of the festival.

The song sung during the "Pendulum Dance" is called "Pendulum Song", which is an ancient folk dance music of the Tujia people. Pendulum songs are sung in the native language, there are a variety of forms of singing, lead singing, solo singing, singing history, military, production, love and other aspects of the content.

"Pendulum Dance" is mainly accompanied by large gongs and drums, with a fast and concise rhythm, sometimes using tuba and suona as accompanying instruments, and the dancers listen to the gongs and drums for changes in their movements and "command" the drums for the order.

The rhythm of the "swinging hand dance" is mostly the swinging of the right hand out of the right foot, and the swinging of the left hand out of the left foot. The bending of the knees is a significant feature of the Pendulum Dance, and usually throughout the dance, the knees are bent, especially in the last beat of each movement, the knees are bent deeper.

Although there are a lot of hand movements, but the swing is small, the highest shall not exceed the shoulder, when swinging the arm straight or fixed bending angle. The heavy beat swings upward and the weak beat swings downward, while the hands and upper body tremble a little.

"Pendulum Dance" costumes have significant features, mostly made of blue, black and red cloth woven by themselves. Men with black or white cloth wrapped around the head, wearing a coat with big sleeves and collarless short jacket, buttons made of cloth, only the upper right corner of the placket with two copper buttons, waist tie purse. There is also one of the oldest called pipa lapel, set with lace. Women wear wide clothes with big sleeves, fat pants, cuffs and legs set with five-inch wide edges, inlaid with seven-inch wide velvet small edges. Collar only five points high, set three small edge, shoulder and lapel also set five inches wide edge, not embroidered, rolled on the light blue fine edge, buttons all made of cloth, only the collar with a copper buckle, color harmony, simple and beautiful. Both men's and women's shoes are made of two pieces, and men's shoes are mostly black, with the head cocked, the mouth rolled on the cowhide, and the soles very thick. Women's Shoes, the head is slightly cocked on both sides of the embroidery, shallow mouth, rolled silk edge, slightly thin soles, the heel does not close, woven with twine, can be enlarged or closed small. The shoes can be enlarged or reduced in size.