On standardized management of logistics warehouse (paper)

The following are related papers on logistics warehouse management, hoping to draw lessons and help.

Rationalization of Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Storage System

For a long time, there are many problems in China's medicine management system and technological innovation ability, which make the development cost of medicine and the production and sales cost of products too high and expensive. In the international pharmaceutical market, some countries have adopted advanced technology and equipment, advanced technology level and first-class management experience, which has reduced the cost and market price of drugs. China has been imposing high tariffs on foreign medicines and setting up non-tariff barriers. Therefore, it is difficult for China to form a cheap international pharmaceutical market. This situation can not meet the growing consumption level of our people and the requirements of the aging population.

With the deepening of reform and opening up, the development of China pharmaceutical industry has also entered the fast lane. The annual growth rate of the whole pharmaceutical industry is 65,438+07.7%, which is 4.4 percentage points higher than the national industry in the same period, and also higher than the major pharmaceutical powers in developed countries. In the past 30 years, the average development speed has increased by 13.8% annually, making it one of the fastest growing pharmaceutical markets in the world. According to the statistics of the State Economic and Trade Commission, the production and sales volume of the pharmaceutical industry increased in 2002, and the total industrial output value (at constant prices) was 2195 million yuan, an increase of 20. 1%, which was 0.9 percentage points lower than that in1-February. Main business income 196 1 100 million yuan, up 12.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2 percentage points higher than that in1-February. The production and sales rate was 94.4%, which was 2.5 and 0.7 percentage points lower than the same period of last year and1-February respectively. Profits kept growing, with a total profit of 990 million yuan, an increase of 12.8%, which was 1-0/percentage point lower than that in February. Judging from the above data, the scale benefit of China's pharmaceutical industry is gradually emerging, with great potential and good growth, and it is in a stable, healthy and rapid development stage. This graduation internship came to Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and I personally felt the opportunities and pressures faced by the enterprise, and also realized the important significance of enterprise logistics rationalization in the enterprise.

1. Overview and development prospect of Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Industry

Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a warship of Beijing Shuanghe, a medical carrier deployed in the southwest theater. Is a new company with market as the core, modern medical technology as the guide and financial support as the framework. It is a professional pharmaceutical company with more varieties and more comprehensive drugs in Southwest China. Since its establishment, the company has been in the forefront of the same industry in Yunnan, with pharmaceutical factories, 9 pharmaceutical branches and 30 pharmaceutical retail chain pharmacies. Has a huge sales network, with Kunming as the center, radiating Yunnan Province and even the whole country, including medical unit network, commercial distribution network and retail chain network. The company expects to complete the task of "selling 300 million yuan, making a profit of 3 million yuan and selling 30 million pieces of Shuanghe products" in 2002. However, in the face of the increasingly fierce competition in the current market, how easy is it for the company to successfully achieve its predetermined goals?

With China's entry into WTO and the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region by the CPC Central Committee, Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical is facing great challenges and severe tests. After China's accession to the WTO, according to the principles and spirit of the organization, the state must reduce tariffs and abolish or reduce non-tariff barriers. In this way, a large number of medical products will flood into the China market, which will have a great impact on the medical products in China. In this process, the price of drugs protected by national tariffs must be reduced to meet the needs of market competition. Therefore, the company must increase efforts to reduce costs in product development, technological innovation and management, so as to truly reduce product prices and integrate into the international pharmaceutical market.

Joining WTO will also have an impact on the product structure of existing pharmaceutical enterprises. In recent years, due to the lack of competition in the pharmaceutical industry, some drugs in the pharmaceutical industry have good economic benefits, leading to repeated construction, poor technical and economic level and lack of scale benefits. After China's entry into WTO, under a fair environment, foreign enterprises and products can enter the China market at a very low price, thus forming competition and promoting the rationalization of industrial structure and product structure. For Shuanghe Pharmaceutical, we can make full use of the resource advantages of Yunnan Province, vigorously develop natural medicines and biological resources, develop brand-name products with Yunnan characteristics, and enhance our competitiveness.

In addition, according to the regulations of the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products, GSP and GMP certification of circulation enterprises and production enterprises must be completed before June 30, 2004. As a result, there are 1.3 million licensed pharmaceutical enterprises in China, which have undergone mergers and acquisitions and internal transformation.

Faced with these competitions and social demands, Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. seeks a way out and actively transforms itself into a major issue facing the enterprise.

Second, Yunnan Shuanghe pharmaceutical enterprises logistics management facing the main problems

At present, Yunnan Shuanghe has formed large-scale product production and networked market sales, but the logistics management is seriously lagging behind in the circulation process, resulting in high logistics costs and unable to form a price advantage. This has seriously hindered the development and progress of logistics services and become the "bottleneck" of the company's business development, mainly in:

(A) the processing cost is too high

Loading and unloading operation is the key to connect the normal activities of all aspects of logistics, which permeates all fields of logistics. The control point is to manage the stored goods, reduce the loss rate of goods during loading and unloading, loading and unloading time and so on. However, Yunnan Shuanghe just ignored this point. Due to the low modernization of handling equipment, there are only a few small shelves and trolleys, and most of the operations are still in the original state of manual operation, which is inefficient and easy to damage items. In addition, the warehouse design is unreasonable, resulting in long handling distance. Moreover, the workflow of the warehouse is chaotic, which leads to repeated handling, and about 70% is invalid. This excessive handling will damage the goods and waste time.

(B) storage costs are too high

At present, the warehouse layout in Shuanghe, Yunnan Province is unreasonable, which only emphasizes the full use of space, without considering the connection between the previous processes and the storage of goods. The phenomenon of mixed stacking is serious, which leads to complicated storage and long storage time, and even some expired, deteriorated and returned goods can not be handled in time, occupying inventory space and increasing inventory cost.

(C) Transportation costs have not been effectively controlled.

Transportation costs account for a large proportion of logistics costs. According to the survey results of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan on the logistics costs of six categories of goods, transportation costs account for about 40% of the total logistics costs, which is an important factor affecting logistics costs. Yunnan Shuanghe has a huge transportation team, but due to the lack of logistics management and independent transportation cost accounting methods, enterprises only pursue timely delivery, and cannot deliver goods in batches, resulting in unnecessary detours and unnecessary waste of manpower and material resources. Moreover, due to the corrupt work style of some employees, they use the delivery machine to do their own private affairs, which affects work efficiency and increases transportation costs.

(D) the logistics management system is not perfect

In enterprises, the transmission of logistics information is still in the form of "batch" or "running errands", and advanced equipment and software such as computers and networks are basically in primary application or not used at all, which makes the links seriously fragmented or even stagnant, causing unnecessary losses.

(e) Great waste of human resources and time.

Due to the loose personnel management and unreasonable employment system, some employees have been idle for a long time, but they don't get paid to go to work. Sometimes in order to kill time, it is often that several employees get together and spend one person's time doing one person's work, which naturally has fun. Everyone is concerned about the time spent in each link, such as finding, taking, loading, disassembling, releasing, transporting and so on. These links delay working hours, reduce work efficiency and cause incalculable cost losses.

To sum up, we can see that the focus of logistics cost control is the control of transportation cost and storage cost. In transportation, we can strengthen the economic accounting of transportation, rationally select transportation routes, effectively allocate transportation vehicles and personnel, and strictly monitor accidents in transportation, which can greatly reduce transportation costs. In storage, some expenses are like icebergs in the sea, and people can only see the part above the water surface. Although there is great potential to be tapped, it is not easy to find a breakthrough point. Therefore, the following focuses on the rationalization and transformation of the existing storage system of enterprises.

Third, Yunnan Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Storage System Rationalization.

(A) the current situation of the enterprise's existing storage system and the reasons

1. The warehouse has a low degree of modernization, outdated and backward equipment, and many of them are still in the primitive state of manual operation, so people are afraid of each other and work efficiency is low. Goods can't get in, can't get out, stay in the warehouse for too long, or are damaged, moldy and seriously lost due to poor storage, which increases the logistics cost. This is related to the economic strength and long-term planning of enterprises. Enterprises only use it as a place to store goods, so the requirements for equipment modernization are very low. Moreover, the cheap labor force makes the enterprise give up the plan to transform the equipment, and the manual work makes people not idle. The idea of "not afraid of slowness, but afraid of standing" is deeply rooted in people's hearts and reduces work efficiency.

2. The layout of the warehouse is unreasonable. Due to the uncertainty of enterprise business, different kinds of scattered items occupy a large warehouse area, which greatly reduces the utilization rate of the warehouse; Moreover, the stacking and zoning are very chaotic, which brings a lot of inconvenience to warehousing and inventory. It is often the picker who looks back and forth in the warehouse with the bill of lading, which affects work efficiency, distribution and service quality.

3. The inventory cost is too high. At present, enterprises do not have a set of inventory control strategies, including economic order quantity, order interval, order point, safety or insurance inventory, etc. When the supply of some commodities exceeds the demand, it will cause a backlog and waste manpower, material resources and financial resources; When the supply is less than the demand, it hinders the normal production and sales of enterprises, which not only brings economic losses, but also makes enterprises lose credibility. On the other hand, it is the inventory formed by damage, deterioration and failure to deal with returns in time. The warehousing department of the enterprise is not closely connected with the quality inspection department, and the information transmission is slow. Damaged and spoiled commodities's document processing and layer-by-layer approval processes are complicated, and even the responsibilities are unclear, which leads to an increase in inventory and an increase in inventory costs.

4. The warehouse management information system is not perfect, and the degree of informationization and networking is low. This is influenced by the economic strength, personnel quality and modernization consciousness of enterprises. At present, there is only one computer in the enterprise storage and transportation department, which can only complete the work of receiving orders, accounting, handling return orders, reporting the loss, returning to the factory and inquiring. The workload is heavy and complicated, and it is easy to make mistakes, which also affects the information transmission and inventory management control in the whole management chain.

5. The quality of employees is low. There is a big gap in the employment of personnel in Shuanghe, Yunnan. Grass-roots employees can't accept the ideas of top managers, which leads to mistakes in their work and even resistance. Grass-roots employees pretend to muddle along in the process of learning and training, and working hours become entertainment time. Some employees also bring their work from home to work, and their style is sloppy, not to mention creativity and enthusiasm.

In view of these situations, how can enterprises give full play to their potential in a wide range of space so as not to be eliminated? In my opinion, in addition to introducing advanced technology and talents, integrating marketing, establishing the concept of global competition, exploring the international market and taking the road of international operation, it is more important for enterprises to implement internal reforms, improve management and introduce technology, and strengthen corporate culture construction according to their own unique advantages, thus promoting the rapid development of Yunnan Shuanghe.

(b) Suggestions and methods for rationalization of enterprise storage systems.

1. Pay attention to the technical transformation of the original warehouse and speed up the modernization of the warehouse.

At present, the types of warehouses in the pharmaceutical industry are mainly divided into pharmaceutical raw materials and finished products warehouses in production logistics and strategic warehouses in sales logistics. Most enterprises prefer to adopt the three-dimensional warehouse mode of building shelves and opening three-way stacking forklifts in narrow passages, such as Xi An Jansen, tonghua dongbao, Chihuatun Pharmaceutical, Sino-US SmithKline, etc. On this basis, according to the actual needs, we should introduce foreign advanced warehousing management experience and modern logistics technology as much as possible to effectively improve the warehousing and distribution efficiency and service quality of the warehouse.

2. Improve the warehouse function and gradually realize the socialization of the warehouse.

Accelerating the diversification of warehouse functions is an objective requirement of the development of market economy, and it is also an important way for warehouses to increase service functions, improve service levels, enhance competitiveness and realize the socialization of warehouses. Under the condition of market economy, warehouse should not only be a place for storing commodities, but also undertake the functions of commodity classification, selection, sorting, processing, packaging and agency sales, and should also become a commodity distribution center and circulation center integrating business flow, logistics and information flow. Now, in developed countries such as the United States and Japan, the original warehouse is basically changed into a distribution processing and distribution center for goods. Based on the current scale and enterprise strength of Yunnan Shuanghe, the enterprise should realize the transformation from the existing warehouse to the inventory distribution center with the same distribution. After the goods enter the distribution center, they are first classified and stored, then sorted and inspected according to the user's ordering requirements, and finally distributed to chain stores and medical units. The operation of this distribution center is very simple. After the purchased goods are split, each storage area is stored in pallets.

3. Establish a complete warehouse management system.

The recent bankruptcy of Kmart in the United States once again warns those companies with inventory management problems that it is difficult to avoid bankruptcy in the end. Many subsidiaries acquired by Shuanghe Pharmaceutical also have different levels of inventory management problems. All kinds of overdue and unsalable inventory and accounts receivable make these state-owned commercial companies struggling. Therefore, the construction of logistics management in Shuanghe, Yunnan must solve the inefficient inventory management, reduce the inventory cost and the risk of unsalable inventory, and solve the information transmission problem in the whole management chain.

Successful experience shows that WMS is a low-risk and high-return option, and its payback period is usually less than one and a half years, and some even less than one year. For this reason, WMS is favored by the world, widely used in the world's top 500 enterprises, and its application industries are also very extensive, including pharmaceutical industry, food industry, printing house, fashion clothing industry, publishing industry, telecommunications industry, hardware manufacturing industry and so on. Adopt the latest and most advanced information management system in the world, strengthen the internal control ability of enterprises, rationally and scientifically integrate the supply chain that runs through all links of production, supply and marketing of enterprises, and build a highly exclusive data platform to transmit and process remote data safely and efficiently, thus providing effective basic data for decision makers to predict, control and analyze. A study by the Warehouse Education and Research Association shows that the best warehouse operation mechanism can achieve 99.9% order accuracy and 99.2% on-time delivery rate, and "zero error" is considered as an acceptable goal.

If logistics hardware equipment is like human body, then logistics software solutions constitute human wisdom and soul, and the combination of spirit and flesh is a complete person. Similarly, it is not enough to build an advanced logistics system and improve the level of logistics management only by relying on logistics equipment.

At present, with the wide application of internet technology, the global business model is undergoing unprecedented changes, and every enterprise is facing the challenge of rebuilding supply chain management, especially logistics process. Only by reconstructing or optimizing supply chain management and reducing operating costs can enterprises be competitive enough to survive in their respective markets. Advanced and mature logistics information system is the crystallization of many industry experts' years of experience integration and good management ideas, which can help enterprises optimize business processes, reduce logistics costs, improve the transparency of supply chain, ensure accurate and timely delivery of goods, and finally improve customer service level, thus gaining customer loyalty, which is also the core competitiveness of enterprises.

According to the data provided by the Ministry of Information Industry of China, the logistics cost of enterprises in China is about 18%, while that in the United States is only 9%. With good logistics software, the logistics cost of China enterprises can be reduced to about 10%. For example, EXE warehouse management software supports online and offline warehouse management to meet the needs of e-commerce. Another example is the warehouse management software provided by Australia's PULSE Logistics System Company, which can not only manage the quantity and location of goods in stock, but also pay more attention to optimizing various resources in the warehouse, such as human resources and logistics equipment resources, and realize the operation management of goods, personnel and logistics equipment through material handling equipment such as RF equipment and scanners. The practice shows that the benefits brought to customers by using the pulse warehouse management system are remarkable: the picking time can be shortened by 50%, the direct labor cost can be reduced by more than 40%, the warehouse space utilization rate can be increased by 20%, the inventory level can be reduced by 65,438+05%, and the customer's warehouse reporting error can be reduced to zero.

Yunnan Shuanghe can selectively learn from these softwares according to its own economic strength and development needs.

4. Reduce operation links.

Every operation link needs a certain amount of living labor and materialized labor consumption. Adopting modern technical means and scientific management methods and reducing some operation links as much as possible will not only help to speed up the operation progress, but also help to reduce the cost.

(1) adopts the method of "two dials".

Direct dial from the factory. According to the requirements of the order, the enterprise can pick up the goods directly in the pharmaceutical factory, and after acceptance, the goods can be transported directly to the store or sales unit without going through the warehouse.

Direct dial on the bus. For goods shipped from other places, enterprises can arrange short-distance transportation tools in advance, deliver them at the side of the original car, load other vehicles and transport them to the receiving unit, eliminating the formalities of transporting them out after warehousing.

These two methods not only reduce all the operation links in storage, but also reduce the storage cost.

(2) Reduce loading and unloading links

Improving the loading and unloading operation means improving the mechanization of loading and unloading operation as much as possible, and also realizing the continuity of operation as much as possible, so as to improve the loading and unloading efficiency, shorten the loading and unloading time and reduce the logistics cost. The rationalization measures are as follows:

Prevent and eliminate invalid operations. Minimize loading and unloading times, strive to improve the purity of loaded and unloaded articles, and choose the shortest operation route, which can prevent and eliminate invalid operations.

Improve the loading and unloading of goods in general activities.

Enterprises should consider the convenience of loading and unloading operations in advance when stacking goods, and put the classified goods on pallets for storage, which is convenient for loading and unloading and can properly keep the goods.

Actively and cautiously use the principle of gravity to realize labor-saving loading and unloading operations.

The vertical and horizontal displacement of articles caused by loading and unloading can only be completed by doing work. At present, the mechanization level of loading and unloading in China is not high, and many of them need manual operation, which is labor intensive. Therefore, it is necessary to use gravity for loading and unloading under conditions, and put the small powered conveyor belt (plate) obliquely on trucks and trucks for loading and unloading, so that articles can move on the inclined conveyor belt (plate), which can reduce labor intensity and energy consumption.

Arrange the facilities correctly.

The "L" and "U" layout are adopted to ensure the single flow direction of articles, which not only avoids the circuitous and backflow of articles, but also reduces the handling links.

5. Reduce the return cost.

With the return of goods, there will be a series of logistics costs, the costs caused by the damaged or unsalable returned goods, and various transaction costs such as personnel costs required to deal with the returned goods. Moreover, due to the small number and variety of returns, the distribution cost tends to increase, and handling business is very complicated. These expenses constitute an important part of enterprise logistics costs and must be controlled.

To control the return cost, we must first analyze the reasons for the return. Generally speaking, as long as we know the sales situation of goods in the store and customers' orders, make short-term sales forecasts and adjust the quantity and types of goods in the enterprise, we can fundamentally solve the phenomenon of return caused by users. In addition, it is necessary to find out the reason for the return from the perspective of the enterprise. In order to pursue the biggest sales target, enterprises often blindly sell goods to end users regardless of the actual sales situation and possible problems in sales, resulting in increased circulation in warehouses, poor sales and high return costs. Therefore, we should change the enterprise's one-sided pursuit of sales target strategy, track the final demand trend and warehouse circulation, and implement the promotion strategy to increase the final demand.

Related to the above problems, in order to fundamentally prevent the cost of return, enterprises must also change the employee performance appraisal system, that is, instead of taking the monthly sales of employees as the basis for rewards and punishments, the annual average monthly sales of employees as the incentive standard for assessing the status of users in the warehouse, so as to improve operational efficiency and prevent the occurrence of return. Of course, in the system, it is necessary to clearly divide the responsibility for returning goods, correct the working attitude of employees, and deliver goods accurately according to user requirements.

6. Other specific operation requirements.

(1) Commodities that have undergone strict quality inspection are stored in different areas, such as drugs and non-drugs, prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs, drugs for internal and external use, and dangerous goods. Refrigerated drugs should be stored at the required temperature, the refrigeration temperature should not exceed 20℃, the normal storage temperature is 0-30℃, the suitable temperature range is 60%-75%, and the temperature range is 2- 10℃. Regular inspections should be conducted in the morning and afternoon, and adjustments should be made in time.

(2) Stacking should be neat, and the five distances should be reasonable (bottom, wall, top, column and room), and there should be no inversion.

(3) Different batch numbers are not mixed. When it is inevitable, the overlapping time limit shall not exceed 1 month.

(4) Specialized in drug warehouses/counters, with two persons and two locks, with special account records and consistent accounts and materials.

(5) Clean the warehouse regularly to keep the storage capacity clean and orderly. Labor tools and packaged items should be placed in the designated location.

(6) Carry out regular maintenance and inspection on the inventory goods, and make maintenance records. Goods with quality problems should be notified to the Quality Management Section as soon as possible.

(7) Strictly control the outbound quality and make review records.

(8) The return shall be managed by special personnel and stored in the return area, and the quality acceptance formalities shall be handled again and recorded. Only qualified products can enter the qualified product library, and those with quality problems can enter the unqualified product library.

(9) Non-conforming products shall be stored in the reservoir area of non-conforming products, controlled and managed, reported according to procedures, and the causes and treatment shall be found out in time.

7. Train warehouse technicians and strengthen logistics management.

To transform, we should start with the introduction of high-quality talents and the training of enterprise employees. While widely absorbing useful talents from society, we should speed up the improvement of the professional ethics of existing personnel and establish a high-quality and high-tech workforce.

8. Accelerate the establishment of a modern enterprise system and implement the ISO9000 standard management mode.

The integration of modern logistics functions, the systematization of services and the standardization of operation are all inseparable from the constraints of the system, so it is very important to establish a modern enterprise system as soon as possible. At present, the storage of Shuanghe in Yunnan has formed a phenomenon of procrastination, pushing, laziness and dispersion, regardless of responsibility and rights. If we want to break the old concept, we must introduce a strong concept of market economy, establish and strengthen the consciousness of reform and opening up in thought, establish a sense of being resolute and vigorous in style, and establish a sense of hard struggle in spirit, and so on. We should replace the old management mode with modern enterprise management system and standardize every operation link, procedure and responsible person.

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