"How to avoid malicious competition among travel agents"

Description of the problem:

We have a paper on "How to avoid malicious competition among travel agencies", please help me find information. It's a bit urgent, thanks

Ans:

Competitiveness Analysis of Chinese Travel Agencies

Detailed description: International Competitiveness Analysis of Chinese Travel Agencies - International competitiveness is a measure of the productivity of a particular industry in a country as reflected by the sale of its products in the international market. It measures the extent to which the products produced and services provided by a country's industry meet the requirements of the international market under free and fair market conditions. Travel agency industry in the opening up of the competition faced by the international competition. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to correctly analyze and assess the international competitiveness of China's travel agency industry. (A) Porter's theory of competitive advantage to analyze the international competitiveness of China's travel agency industry

There are two direct factors affecting the international competitiveness of the travel agency industry: one is the cost; the second is the product differentiation. And the factors that determine or affect the cost and product differentiation are various, they constitute the indirect factors affecting the competitiveness of travel agencies. These indirect factors have a wide range. The famous expert on international competitiveness of industries, Prof. Porter of Harvard University of the United States, has summarized them scientifically. He believes that whether a country's industry is competitive is determined by the following factors: (1) Factor conditions. The factors necessary for industrial development include human resources, material resources, knowledge resources and capital resources. There are general factors and specialized factors. Among them, specialized and advanced elements, such as specialized talents, professional technology and facilities are more capable of creating lasting competitive advantages for the industry. (2) Demand conditions (domestic demand). The influence of domestic demand on industrial competitiveness is mainly realized through the structure of domestic buyers and the nature of buyers. If a country's buyer demand is ahead of other countries, it can motivate domestic enterprises to develop high-quality and novel products to meet these demands, which will lead to industrial upgrading and leading in the international arena. In addition, sophisticated and discerning buyers can put pressure on domestic firms to establish higher standards in areas such as product quality and service. (3) Support industries and related industries. Supporting industries refer to a number of industries that provide factors and services for a particular industry. Related industries refer to industries with complementary characteristics. Supporting industries and related industries are useful in that they may promote industrial innovation and exert competitive pressure on industries. ( 4) Enterprise strategy, structure and competition. Reasonable choices made by enterprises on them are conducive to overall competitiveness. ( 5) *** Behavior. *** can exert influence on firms and industries through subsidies, investment, education, regulation of capital markets, and setting quality standards and competitive conditions. (6) Opportunities. Opportunity refers to those unexpected events beyond the control of enterprises, such as changes in demand, technological innovation, exchange rate changes, etc., will also have an impact on industrial competitiveness. The above 6 kinds of main factors that determine the international competitiveness of the industry interact with each other, Porter will be expressed as the famous "international competitiveness of the industry National Diamond" (National Diamond), with the "National Diamond" to analyze China's travel agency industry, it can be clearly seen that at this stage, China's travel agency industry has a lot of competitiveness. Can clearly see the current stage of China's travel agency industry international competitiveness of the construction factors, constraints and the actual situation.

1. Factors that build the competitiveness of the travel agency industry China is a large country with rich and unique tourism resources, which provides a natural advantage for the development of the travel agency industry, and the rapid development of China's tourism industry in the past 20 years has also contributed to the growth and maturity of the travel agency industry. The national tourism authorities have formulated a series of industrial policies and management systems according to the development requirements of the travel agency industry in different periods, which have played an important role in promoting the structural adjustment, behavioral regulation and industrial upgrading of the travel agency industry. In recent years, various opportunities, such as the progress of information technology and the financial crisis in Southeast Asia, have brought opportunities for the growth of the international competitiveness of the travel agency industry.

2. Constraints on the international competitiveness of the travel agency industry First of all, China's travel agency industry is still a lack of specialized elements, mainly in the lack of high-level travel agency management, tourism product development personnel and the application of advanced technology lags behind in two aspects. Secondly, although the total demand for domestic tourism in China is large, the level of demand is far below the international level. Tourists' per capita consumption is low, the pursuit of quality of tourism activities is not strong, and there are many people who only hold the mentality of "visiting this place", thus failing to form a strong pressure on travel agencies to innovate. Thirdly, the support industries, such as education, information, communication technology, tourism resources development, tourism rescue, etc., are still underdeveloped, which restricts the improvement of travel agencies' operation level and the introduction of new products. Fourthly, many travel agencies have unclear strategic objectives, lack of well-structured, stage-by-stage objectives of the development plan, resulting in serious short-term behavior in the operation; travel agencies compete fiercely with each other, but in the form of disorderly competition, the focus of the competition is concentrated in the price, the phenomenon of undue competition prevails. This is obviously not conducive to the improvement of the international competitiveness of China's travel agency industry.

In summary, the overall international competitiveness of China's travel agencies is still weak, to make China's travel agency industry in the international competition in the formation of advantages still need to make strenuous efforts.

(B) China's travel agency industry, the international competitiveness of empirical analysis

China and some of the world's major tourist countries in the travel agency industry, productivity and economies of scale table countries, statistical time, the number of travel agencies, turnover in China 1997 4986 23.365 billion U.S. 1996, 42,000 travel agents, France 1993 3805 7.7 billion pounds. Spain 1993 4831 6,787 million pounds Italy 1993 5436 5,975 million lire United Kingdom 1995 271 travel agents, retail network 950 million pounds 6,890 points of sale Country Travel Agency Economics of Scale China The three major travel groups, International, China, and Youth, account for about 27% of the total market United States The 25 largest travel agents account for 72% of the total market France The 17 largest travel agents have retail outlets 2512 million pounds 17 travel agencies have 2512 retail outlets, points 66% of the total Spain Italy Travel agencies are smaller, 71.5% of travel agencies only employ 1 to 5 people Britain 15 largest travel agencies account for 80% of the total market.

A country's travel agency industry structure is reasonable, optimization, directly related to the travel agency's international competitiveness. The above statistics show that the lack of competitiveness of China's travel agency industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Small scale of operation The total number of China's travel agencies is not quite a lot, however, the travel agency's unit scale of operation is far lower than that of Europe and the United States. Specifically manifested in: (1 ) travel agencies have fewer retail outlets; (2) travel agencies have less turnover.

2. Weak economies of scale, low degree of concentration Britain, the United States, France and other countries, most of the share of the travel agency business for a small number of travel agencies. American Express (Amex) travel business volume up to 3 times the total business of our travel agency. These large travel agencies with strong capital and well-developed networks often represent the international competitiveness of the entire industry. In addition to China's international, China, the youth of the three major travel agencies, other travel agencies, the advantages of the group is not very significant, the economic scale is still to be cultivated.

In addition, other information shows that the business scope of China's travel agencies is too narrow, mostly for the operation of group tours, sightseeing tours, not to fully tap the potential of the market; international travel agencies have poor self-organizing ability, and their international business is mostly to receive foreign travel agencies to send the team.

In short, through the above comparison, it is not difficult to find that the international competitiveness of China's travel agency industry is far lower than that of most developed countries in tourism. Of course, international competitiveness is a dynamic concept. China's travel agency industry is *** under the active guidance of accelerating the pace of the construction of the group, the gathering of the impact of the international market forces, to the goal of tourism power to launch a fierce attack