What are the values of modern historical sites and representative buildings?

(1) Historical Value China society in the 20th century experienced earth-shaking social changes, with frequent and active political activities and famous events, figures and revolutionary resorts. "Architecture is a history written in stone", and important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times are living fossils of modern social history. The former site of Shangsuan People's Commune, which was born in the tide of commune movement, is one of the first demonstration sites of people's communes established in Yunnan Province, which is of symbolic significance. Since its establishment, the mutual aid group has been a typical representative of the provincial agricultural cooperative movement through primary cooperatives, advanced cooperatives and people's communes, and its history has important historical and scientific research value for studying the changes in the early rural areas of New China. The former site of the people's commune gave birth to an excellent agricultural model worker and published a series of research results. During the period of 1955, Song Qingling, Vice Chairman, inspected the work of Shangsuan Agricultural Production Cooperative (Figure 3).

As a banner of the southwest border, Shanggarlic Agricultural Production Cooperative has an influence that can not be ignored in the whole province and even the whole country. In 1950s, China launched the construction of new countryside, and Shangsuan People's Commune became the first batch of national pilot projects in Yunnan Province. Judging from the materials currently available, the existing dormitory of Sanmin Commune is the earliest peasant building in the new socialist countryside in the province, which is not only a practical attempt and beneficial exploration of rural housing, but also an important achievement of new rural construction, and it is relatively rare in China. Commune dormitories were built on the basis of demolishing some farmhouses. After the dormitory is completed, it will be distributed according to the demolition area, family population and villagers' housing situation of the farmers who were demolished at that time. Generally, each household has one unit. According to the actual situation, many units are divided into one and a half units, and few units are divided into half units.

Commune unified dormitory and shared the same roof, which profoundly reflected the unified public housing mode of agricultural cooperation at that time. As an office building, the former site of Shangsuan People's Commune witnessed the 25-year history of the People's Commune in a specific period. The architectural form and spatial form of the people's commune all embody the profound connotation of agricultural cooperation. As the carrier of this period of history, the former site of Shangsuan People's Commune witnessed the social changes and historical development in this period, reflecting the social development, social production and labor mode, people's living conditions and spiritual outlook. It is a medium for future generations to understand modern China society and the development of modern architecture in China, and has the following characteristics. Although the people's commune has been denied as a system of administrative production integration, it is a period of great influence and cannot be forgotten. It is called "the past is not forgotten, and the future is a teacher."

(2) Artistic Value Modern architecture is no longer limited to traditional ancient architectural forms. During this period, the old and new building systems were mixed, not only western-style foreign-style buildings and modern buildings began to appear, but also traditional Renaissance buildings realized a variety of architectural forms through flexible use and free combination of traditional architectural forms, which was reflected in Shanggarlic People's Commune. The former site of the People's Commune was born out of a local "one envelope" residence, showing the continuation of the traditional quadrangle-style residence. The plane layout of the building is still concave, forming an inward courtyard space (Figure 4), and the inner courtyard is more open to meet the needs of large crowds. Similar to the "one envelope" wing, the middle wall of the east wing and the west wing was cancelled and appropriately expanded into a conference hall, which solved the long-span space requirement required for commune appraisal. The former site of the People's Commune responded to the new demand for the use function of public buildings by enlarging the volume of local prototype buildings and reorganizing the traffic streamline (Figure 5).

In terms of wall treatment, the external wall painting makes the texture of the wall tend to be fine, and the protruding brick columns form a regular vertical division, which adds a sense of facade decoration to the original plain rammed earth wall, and the roof form of the building adopts a more upscale mountain-leaning style, which is more solemn (Figure 6). Architectural art draws lessons from the structural and decorative techniques of modern buildings in the Soviet Union and Russia. Wood structure system is gradually replaced by mixed structure and frame structure. Traditional wood carvings and paintings have been replaced by new lines and paintings. The architectural art has changed from the inside out, paying more attention to the functional layout, volume combination and streamline organization of the building.

Commercial buildings in this period like to use gorgeous western elements, while administrative buildings take five-pointed stars, statues of great men, inscriptions and slogans as elements, which exude strong patriotic feelings and current political colors. The words "Good People's Commune" are engraved at the entrance of the People's Commune, and slogans such as "Cultivate a good atmosphere in which everyone loves cleanliness and everyone pays attention to hygiene" are hung on the dormitory wall of the People's Commune, showing the spirit of the new era (Figure 7). Traditional building materials such as wood, brick, tile, stone and rammed earth are still used in the construction of the former site and dormitory of the people's commune, and the whole building presents strong local characteristics.

The architectural image has changed from the primitive simplicity and original ecology of local architecture to exquisite and rational (Figure 8). (3) Scientific Value From the perspective of the development of building science and technology, the level of social productivity determines the development degree of building science and technology. The phenomenon that important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times adopt new technologies and forms is particularly remarkable. The development of building science and technology in China was slow, and it was not until the influx of foreign technology in modern times that this situation was improved. In particular, the architectural environment, structural form, construction organization, construction technology selection and construction of representative buildings that survived in modern times have been greatly improved, and the former site of Shangsuan People's Commune is also reflected in this respect.

From the structural system, the former site and dormitory of the people's commune are built with traditional building materials such as wood, brick, tile, stone and rammed earth, and the structural system adopts brick column rammed earth wall bearing system. Brick columns strengthen the cohesive force between columns and walls, and between walls, thus enhancing the stability of the structure. From the perspective of roof truss, the former site and dormitory of People's Commune have changed the traditional structure of roof truss through bucket or hanging beam and adopted a new herringbone structure. The connecting nodes are reinforced by bolts, and the key parts are supplemented by diagonal braces, which effectively increases the span of the roof truss and meets the large-span indoor space required for mass gatherings (Figure 9).

From the construction technology point of view, the former site of people's commune and dormitory building project had a certain scale at that time, and the construction work was undertaken by a special construction team, with advanced architectural design, large engineering quantity, strong organization and high construction technology requirements. The successful completion of people's communes and dormitories is undoubtedly a great progress for rural construction in the 1950s. Although these technologies may have fallen behind now, they once represented the highest technical level in the local area or at that time to a great extent, providing a basis for the study of the development history of architectural science.

(2) Social value assessment

The former site and dormitory of the People's Commune constitute a humanistic landscape with the characteristics of garlic in Shanghai, which is based on people's local feelings, affinity and pride in that era and has a strong sense of history and cohesion. The agricultural cooperative movement has changed the production and lifestyle of farmers and profoundly affected generations. As the relics of that era, the former site of the people's commune and the dormitory building are entrusted with the world's nostalgia for the long past, which is evidence for us to recall the past and has profound commemorative value. Today, the former office building of the People's Commune is the office of Shangsuan Village Committee, and the former commune dormitory is still the only residence for many residents. They also undertake the functions of office and residence, but despite a long time, they are still playing their own value.

After planning, it will provide rich leisure space and activity places for villagers, which has long-term use value. People's commune is a typical product of agricultural cooperative movement, and its disintegration is the inevitable result of social progress and development. In the process of the new society moving towards national rejuvenation, we should not erase this history of the people's commune. Although it is heavy, it also leaves many inspirations for future generations, and its value is undeniable. The former site of the commune is an excellent teaching material for studying history, exploring system reform and carrying out revolutionary traditional education. With the help of it, we can deeply understand and understand the tortuous road of the development of new China, which has important educational value. As an inseparable part of contemporary rural traditional culture, the former site of people's commune promotes the return and prosperity of traditional culture through the rebirth and redevelopment of local culture, unites farmers and rural traditional culture, revives rural spirit, enhances farmers' pride and remoulds farmers' cultural beliefs, which is an important connotation of building a new socialist rural culture.

Through the exhibition and reuse of the former site of the people's commune, the protection of the former site of the people's commune will be another opportunity for the construction and development of the new countryside in Shanggarlic, which has high development value. The social value of Shangsuan People's Commune is the supplement and extension of its cultural relic value identification. Cultural relic buildings not only have their own historical, artistic and scientific values, but also have social values that cannot be ignored. Social value is a compound concept of value, which emphasizes the benefits to modern society, including commemorative value, use value, educational value and development value. The display and utilization of material and cultural heritage in contemporary times is an important aspect of value evaluation, and the economic value of the former site of Shangsuan People's Commune in contemporary society will form a strong support for its future protection and inheritance.

(3) Conclusion

Value identification is not limited to the evaluation of value, but also lies in the delicate cultural excavation. Value appraisal cannot be based entirely on the surface material conditions such as the age, scale, layout and technological level of the building. We should explore its deep cultural connotation from the display of surface culture and construct the cultural system of specific people in specific period, specific region. This is not an immediate recognition, but a delicate cultural exploration. Value appraisal not only pays attention to the value of cultural relics themselves, but also pays attention to the additional value people give cultural relics-the closeness to society.

Important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times fully reflect the social activities and conditions at that time, which are closely related to humanities and current politics, and are typical manifestations of national cultural innovation and national rejuvenation. The identification of architectural value extends from the perspective of architectural engineering technology to the relationship between people and architecture, and grasps the added value through the understanding of humanistic society, which is unified with the study of value subjectivity. Value appraisal not only pays attention to the historical significance of cultural relics protection units, but also pays attention to their modern attributes. Cultural relics protection is not static, and moderate development is conducive to the formation of dynamic cultural relics protection. As cultural relics break the traditional protection mode and explore new means of exhibition and utilization, important historical relics and representative buildings in modern times are more likely to be married with contemporary culture than other cultural relics, which has high economic value and maneuverability.

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