What is the wisdom of primitive Taoism? Introduction to Chinese culture

1, China's view of harmony between man and nature has complex meanings: the first layer means that man is made by heaven and earth, and his life follows the universal laws of nature; The second layer refers to the universal laws of nature and the highest principles of human morality are one and two, two and one.

2. The main viewpoint of China's ancient universe: the universe is all-encompassing; The universe is endless, that is, easy; The universe is not a closed system, but an open, holistic, comprehensive and organically linked whole; The universe is not isolated, static, unchangeable or mechanically arranged, but constantly innovative and unchangeable.

The first section is about the ideological resources and traditions of China's philosophy.

1, China's philosophy plays a leading role in China's cultural system. In western culture, religion is the core; But in China, the function of religion is basically undertaken by philosophy.

2. China's ancient philosophy sprouted in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Book of History in the early years of Western Zhou Dynasty. Hong Fan put forward Jin Mu's theory of fire, water and earth, and thought that they constituted the world.

3. Zhouyi is a book of divination, a combination of primitive religion, primitive philosophy and social customs at that time. Explain natural phenomena and social relations with gossip.

4. The Eight Diagrams of Zhouyi refer to: Gankunkan (water) is separated from (fire), Gegen (mountain) is against (ze) earthquake (thunder) wind.

5. China's four ideological resources and traditions are: primitive Confucianism, primitive Taoism, China Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.

6. The Five Classics refer to the Five Classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Ceremony, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Period.

7. The spirit of primitive Confucianism, first of all, is the creative spirit of life and the root sense of the universe; It is also a very clear and moderate spirit, that is, greatness is contained in the ordinary; Integrate the ideal into reality.

8. The basic concept of Confucius' philosophy is benevolence. Benevolence is the foundation of human beings.

9. The concept of Tao in Laozi: I think Tao is an ultimate concept of reality, and Tao can be Tao, extraordinary and free from vulgarity; The name can be named. It's very famous.

10, the main Buddhist sects in China are Tiantai Sect, Huayan Sect and Zen Sect.

1 1, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties is a new synthesis of the three major resources of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism and the traditions of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It takes Confucianism as the core, absorbs the wisdom of Buddhism and Taoism, and establishes a moral metaphysical system with the theory of Qi and Heart as the core.

12, Zhu is a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. He pays attention to the relationship between qi and heart. In his view, rationality is the essential requirement of human beings as a class.

13, Wang Yangming is a master of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and the combination of knowledge and practice and the teaching of conscience are his characteristic theories.

Section II: The concept of the universe and the realm of life in China's ancient philosophy.

1. The universe in China's philosophy refers to infinite time and space and everything it contains.

2. The ancients in China called the space in the southeast, northwest and up and down of the square "Yu"; It is called "Zhou" in ancient and modern times.

3. The main viewpoint of China's ancient universe: the universe is all-encompassing; The universe is endless, that is, easy; The universe is not a closed system, but an open, holistic, comprehensive and organically linked whole; The universe is not isolated, static, unchangeable or mechanically arranged, but constantly innovative and unchangeable.

4, the relationship between man and nature, that is, the position of man in the universe, that is, the meaning of life. China's philosophy mainly advocates the unity of man and nature, and also advocates the victory of man and nature.

5. The concept of harmony between man and nature in China's philosophy has complex meanings: the first layer means that man is born from heaven and earth, and his life follows the universal laws of nature; The second layer refers to the universal laws of nature and the highest principles of human morality are one and two, two and one.

6. China's philosophy regards men as "the most expensive people in the world".

7. The theory of realm is a major feature of China's philosophy of life. State refers to a state of mind and spiritual world, which is the ultimate ideal personality pursued by China's philosophy.

8. In New Primitive Man, Feng Youlan divides the realm of life into natural realm, utilitarian realm, moral realm and heaven and earth realm.

Section III China's Traditional Way of Thinking and Behavior

1 Generally speaking, China philosophers appreciate the overall dynamic, dialectical, comprehensive and intuitive way of thinking.

2. The five learning steps in The Doctrine of the Mean are: erudition, questioning, deep thinking, discernment and perseverance. (Jane: A trip to learn and think)

3. In Confucianism, Xunzi and his later studies pay more attention to the study of logic.

4. Dialectical thinking and intuitive thinking are particularly developed in China's traditional way of thinking. Dialectical thinking mode emphasizes integrity, therapeutic, process, evolution and dynamic balance.

5, intuitive understanding: that is, intuitively grasp the basis and all of life in the universe.

6. The concept of knowing and doing in China's ancient philosophy: that is, words and deeds are consistent, and what you say should be combined with your own physical and mental cultivation.