The Origin, Development and Classification of Fencing

Fencing: the technique of using a sword in martial arts.

The techniques and tactics of ancient fencing are described in Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Zhuangzi Jian Shuo. The Book of Han contains 38 articles on kendo, which is a monograph on swordsmanship before the Han Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Mao recorded the usage of the sword in Wu Bei Zhi, including: left horizontal stroke, right horizontal stroke, left-wing stroke, anti-scale stab, abdominal stab, double stab, spin, turning, wind washing and so on. The true story of swordsmanship in Qing Dynasty and Song Dynasty was handed down from generation to generation. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, fencing became synonymous with sabre practice routines and was listed as a national martial arts competition. Various movements such as flower, balance, tumbling and modeling have been added, and fencing has been greatly developed. The striking ways of the sword are: chopping, stabbing and pointing; Lift, collapse, cut, wipe, wear, pick, lift, twist, sweep, etc. Swordsmanship is characterized by lightness, agility, agility and elegance. It is said that "the sword is American" and "the sword flies like the wind". According to the practice method, fencing can be divided into walking sword, potential sword, two-handed sword, spike sword, double sword and backhand sword. There are many swordsmanship routines, and the common ones are: optional swordsmanship, Qingping Sword, Wudang Sword, Sancai Sword, Sanhe Sword, Yunlong Sword, Bagua Sword, Taiji Sword, Mantis Sword, Tongbei Sword, Drunken Sword, Metaphysical Sword, Seventy-three Sword, Dragon Sword, Qimen Thirteen Sword, Bai Hongjian, Pure Yang Sword, Seven-Star Sword, etc. See the article "Sword".

Japanese fencing (fencing)

Sword was regarded as the soul and spiritual symbol of samurai in ancient times. Japanese samurai must wear swords all year round, so fencing is one of the most popular martial arts techniques that samurai must master and spread. In ancient times, fencing was also called fencing, fencing, pingfa, art of war, small art of war, knife method, Taidao fighting and so on. It was called kendo after Meiji. Japanese fencing swords are generally called Japanese swords, and they are also called Japanese swords in China. Its blade is long and narrow, slightly curved, and its single-edged handle is long, which is suitable for chopping. In fact, it is the product of the fusion of swords and shadows. Commonly used Japanese knives can be divided into two shapes: large and small (long and short), and broadsword can be divided into two types: Taidao (with large curvature of blade) and broadsword (with straight blade). The knife is called "Xiabian" (also called "Xiabian"), and the length of the blade is only about two-thirds of the normal Japanese Taidao and broadsword, so it is also called Gotha. Ancient Japanese samurai usually wore two knives, one large and one small.

Ancient Japanese swordsmanship includes the techniques of using Taidao (with the blade down when wearing), beating knife (with the blade up when wearing), Gotha and other weapons. Its contents include the use of one knife (single knife) too knife technique and Kodachi technique; Using long and short double knives (that is, using Daiwa Kota's double knives at the same time, the double knife technique in ancient Japanese fencing is called "double knife flow", and famous artists have Musashi Miyamoto's two equations), the forward double knife technique (holding the lady's knife in the right hand and holding Gotha in the left hand), the reverse double knife technique (holding the lady's knife in the right hand and holding the Taidao in the left hand), and the double knife technique with both hands (such as the Ryukyu Wang family), among which, there are dazzling and flirting. Usually the main practice is shape (routine).

There are many schools of Japanese ancient martial arts swordsmanship, and there are more than 200 to 300 schools of ancient swordsmanship, mainly including Liu Shengxin's sword-flowing technique, Xiao Ye's sword-flowing technique, Beichen's sword-flowing technique, Martin's sword-flowing technique, Kashima Shinto Shinto sword-flowing technique, real shadow sword-flowing technique, Shinto sword-flowing technique, mindless sword-flowing technique and sword-showing technique.

The main contents of traditional fencing

(1) Stabbing sword: Take the sword as a stab, go straight ahead and reach the tip of the sword, so that the arm is in line with the sword. The sword above and below the blade is a vertical sword, and the sword around the blade is a flat sword.

(2) Sword splitting: standing the sword, splitting the sword from top to bottom, reaching the body of the sword, and the arm is in line with the sword. Swing the sword around the vertical circle along the right or left side of the body; The backswing split sword should be coordinated with the backspin of the body.

(3) Hanging sword: The sword stands upright, and the tip of the sword hangs from front to back or downward to the front of the sword body. Hanging, hanging up and down; Hanging downward and backward, hanging outward close to the body; Swing and hang for a week.

(4) Sword lifting: lifting the sword from bottom to top, reaching the front of the sword body, the forearm of the sword rotates outward, and the palm is upward, and it is lifted outward in an arc shape; The forearm of the sword rotates in the opposite direction, and the rest is lifted in the positive direction.

(5) Yun Jian: A flat sword, with a flat circle around the top of the head or a cloud on the top. Go to Yun Jian and circle around the top of your head from front to left, and look up; The left (right) Yun Jian turns around the front upper part of the head to the left rear (right rear), and the head hangs to the left shoulder side.

(6) Sword: Stand the sword horizontally, the sword is over the head, the force reaches the blade, and the palm is inward or outward.

(7) Point the sword: stand up the sword and lift the wrist, so that the tip of the sword will jump forward and down to a point, reach the tip of the sword and straighten the arm.

(8) Retract the sword: erect the sword, sink the wrist to make the tip of the sword jump forward, reach the tip of the sword, and straighten the arm, but the tip of the sword is not above the head.

(9) Sword cutting: the blade cuts obliquely upwards or downwards, and the force reaches the front of the blade. The upper sword tilts upward; The lower cutting sword inclines downward; Tilt to the right after cutting the sword, and keep your arms in line with the sword.

(10) Holding the sword: Hold the sword on your chest with your right hand, and hold the sword horizontally with the tip facing right; Hold the sword with the tip up; The tip of the sword faces forward to keep it flat.

(1 1) Sword piercing: flat sword, the tip of the sword passes through the arc between the chest and abdomen, and the force reaches the tip of the sword, and the body of the sword must not touch the body of the sword; The forearm rotates inward, and the tip of the vertical sword rotates through the body from front to back, reaching the tip, not exceeding the knee and not touching the ground; Swing back and left with the tip of the sword, and make a circle around your body with your swivel.

(12) Sword chop: The flat sword crosses to the left (right), the height is between the head and the shoulder, reaching the blade, and the arm is straight.

(13) Wrist cutting: Take the wrist as the axis, set a sword on each side of the arm, cling to the front and back, circle around it and reach the tip of the sword.

(14) Wrist swing: Take the wrist as the axis, erect the sword on both sides of the arm, close to the body and erect a circle around it until it reaches the tip of the sword.