How to utilize surveying and mapping technology for environmental monitoring

With the advent of the new century, the rapid development of science and technology has caused significant changes in the socio-economic structure and lifestyle. Since the reform and opening up, China's surveying and mapping industry has gradually realized the transformation from the analog method to the digital mapping system, and with remote sensing, spatial positioning and geographic information, laying the foundation for the development of the traditional surveying and mapping industry to the information industry. Traditional surveying and mapping industry should seize the opportunity to high-tech based on the realization of traditional surveying and mapping production to the transformation of digital production, and then for the establishment of digital scale production, and ultimately the formation of digital production base to lay a good foundation.

1 The development direction of surveying and mapping technology and surveying and mapping industry industrial characteristics

1.1 Surveying and mapping technology should belong to the information technology

Traditional surveying and mapping technology areas include geodetic technology, aerial photogrammetry technology, engineering surveying technology, map making and printing technology, marine surveying and mapping technology and surveying and mapping instrumentation manufacturing technology, and so on. Contemporary high-tech surveying and mapping technology is mainly the integration of space positioning technology, aerial and satellite remote sensing technology, ground integration measurement technology and geographic information technology, as well as the matching communication technology and system technology brought about by the above technology. It is to study geographic information as the main purpose, and its research content mainly includes the exploration of geometric and physical properties of geographic information, the study of geographic information measurement methods, the study of how geographic information is generated, extracted, transformed, detected, transmitted, stored, recognized and processed, and the study of how to express and apply geographic information, etc. All of these belong to the content of contemporary information science research. Any technology that deals with information using the principles and methods of information science should be called information technology. Therefore, we have reason to believe that surveying and mapping technology should belong to the category of information technology. The modernization of surveying and mapping technology development direction to

Information technology as the direction of development, which is the current development strategy of surveying and mapping science and technology.

1.2 Surveying and mapping industry belongs to the category of information industry

Surveying and mapping industry should belong to the category of information industry in the tertiary industry. Because, first, the basic content of surveying and mapping business is to provide services for geographic information acquisition, processing, expression, etc.; second, surveying and mapping products have knowledge and decision-making basis attributes of information products; third, surveying and mapping technology to a large extent belongs to the category of information technology; fourth, surveying and mapping products have value and value of use (i.e., the commodity attributes of the surveying and mapping commodities). Therefore, surveying and mapping production should be a kind of special commodity production for the purpose of exchange of information products. Surveying and mapping industry belongs to the tertiary information industry, which is not only a theoretical division of the problem, but in the market economy, in practice, it should really be operated as an industry.

1.3 The focus of surveying and mapping work to open up the information market transfer

With the development of the market economy, the country's political and economic reforms continue to deepen, surveying and mapping production management from the production of utility-based

To the production and management of change. Surveying and mapping production units to undertake the proportion of directive tasks gradually narrowed, and unplanned development tasks will be a large increase in urban and rural construction and planning and comprehensive planning and remediation of the national territory, the investigation and development of resources, environmental monitoring and protection of surveying and mapping technology and surveying and mapping products put forward more urgent requirements, these factors will certainly lead to the active surveying and mapping market.

Surveying and mapping market includes surveying and mapping information market and surveying and mapping technology market. Surveying and mapping information market focuses on the exchange and circulation of surveying and mapping information products in the social and economic fields, while the surveying and mapping technology market focuses on the direct use of surveying and mapping technology for paid services. It can be predicted that in the future, users need to provide the mapping market is not only line drawing products, but also image products; not only analog products, but also digital products, thematic products, hardware products, soft science services, dynamic information, etc., need to explore the surveying and mapping industry themselves.

2 Surveying and mapping units should take countermeasures

2.1 Surveying and mapping units to rationalize the industrial structure

Surveying and mapping the development of high-tech, breaking the traditional division of labor in the surveying and mapping industry. Geographic information industry should get rid of the classic surveying and mapping organization and

structural model, looking for a better optimization of the combination and division of labor, should be based on the characteristics of the geographic information industry, the formation of data collection and processing, library, product provision, maintenance of an integrated industrial system, the establishment of a rapid production, the provision of geographic information data sector. At present, in the rapid development of surveying and mapping science and technology at the same time, with its many related professional integration to the development of geographic information industry. To develop GPS, RS and GIS (referred to as 3S) technology, the need for cross-sectoral, cross-industry joint development behind closed doors is tantamount to isolating themselves. To learn both joint and competitive environment for development opportunities and skills.

2.2 Introducing and training talents who can adapt to the needs of the information industry

To develop the information industry, it is necessary to have high-tech talents. The traditional surveying and mapping industry is divided into geodesy, engineering surveying, photogrammetry, map making and map printing and other specialties. The development of high-tech breaks through the traditional division of labor, due to various types of surveying and mapping of high-tech systems digitalization, automation, high degree of intelligence, a lot of operations can be used as a "fool" type of operation. Learning to operate the keys is relatively easy, such as GPS receivers, only take 1 to 2 hours to learn to operate, but to solve the problems in the GPS data, you need a certain level of theory and research level. That is to say, the operation is getting simpler and simpler, while solving the key problems is getting more and more complicated. In the introduction and training of talents, attention is paid to the reasonable mix of research and practical talents, so that the structure of talents can maximize the effectiveness. As far as specialties are concerned, we mainly introduce and cultivate talents in the "3 S's" and their integration. At the same time, but also pay attention to the timely updating of knowledge and skills.

3 Surveying and mapping industry, the main technical policy

Surveying and mapping high-tech development, the rapid rise of the information industry, resulting in the surveying and mapping industry to get rid of the classic surveying and mapping industry, the organization and structure of the model, but in the future in a certain period of time, surveying and mapping of the new technological system is unlikely to completely replace the surveying and mapping of the production of the conventional technological system, that is, conventional surveying and mapping technology will still be in the surveying and mapping of the production occupies a place. Therefore, surveying and mapping units and surveying and mapping science and technology workers must solve key technical problems and the transformation of conventional surveying and mapping technology on the main position, in the conventional technology and new technology, to establish a transition system suitable for the actual unit.

To realize the mapping production from analog to digital transformation, not only the analog map into a digital map, but also to realize the basic geographic information from the collection, storage, management to the output of the product of the entire process of change in the mode of operation, this change is systematic, holistic. Therefore, surveying and mapping units must be overall planning, step-by-step implementation, as a system

Unified project to achieve comprehensively. At present, surveying and mapping units should first fully complete the conventional surveying and mapping technology to digitalization and automation of the direction of the transition of technological transformation.

3.1 The formation of basic geographic information system

To establish 1:500 ~ 1:10,000 various scales of topographic maps, cadastral surveys, underground pipeline surveys and other needs of machine-assisted mapping system

System should have a database, graphic library editing functions, and field observation of electronic handbook to realize the interface. Only in this way, in a new round of updating the basic map, the full realization of aerial digital mapping (local areas do not exclude the whole field digital mapping), and the establishment of total station, electronic handbook in the field directly on the digital map repair (large areas of centralized repair can also be used to repair aerial digital repair), so that the digital integration of mapping.

Various types of engineering maps, construction projects, water conservancy projects, sampling, municipal engineering alignment and completion of various projects should be

Use of internal and external integrated system, the data format should be aligned with the basic geographic information database.

3.2 Establishment of departmental network to realize the resources *** enjoy

Disk management method can not meet the requirements of information storage, use, and at the same time in order to avoid disk data damage, data loss, new and old versions of data confusion phenomenon, should be in the production management department, the digitalization of the internal production department, the map archive management department between the establishment of a computer network through the computerized map archive management system. Realize the automation of the digital industry production map, archiving to the final print.

In order to facilitate the production mode from the collection to the management of the conversion, should consider the establishment of the unit's local area network, the realization of the production departments, production

management, inspection and acceptance of the department, the map file management department of the computer network between the interconnection, so that all sectors of the operation of the operation of the data flow mode of operation.

3.3 Promote the application of GPS positioning technology

The application of GPS positioning technology for the city and key projects to establish various levels of control network and precision engineering control network, focusing on

Mastering the principle of static relative positioning, the principles of network deployment, accuracy requirements and operational techniques. They will learn the design of network type, instrument inspection method, external data collection and internal data processing, coordinate conversion, leveling calculation and other issues.

In urban planning and management, municipal management, transportation management, environmental protection, disaster monitoring, meteorology, land management and other aspects of urban management, GPS has a good application prospects and market opportunities.

With the wave of global informatization and China's national economic informatization of the call, the rapid development of space technology and computer technology, the traditional surveying and mapping technology system to the "3 S" technology as the characteristics of the modern surveying and mapping technology system changes, surveying and mapping industry is gradually to the modern geographic information industry transition and transformation. We should carry out the spirit of "strengthening surveying and mapping work, the development of geographic information industry", based on the present, looking forward to the 21st century, hand in hand, *** create the future of geographic information industry.