Local Records Sichuan Traditional Culture Why is Sichuan Basin called "Land of Abundance"?

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The Origin of "Land of Abundance"

The word "Feng" was first seen in the Warring States Policy Qin Ce I: "The land of the king is rich, the people are rich, there are countless chariots, fertile fields are thousands of miles away, and the terrain is deformed. This so-called abundance is also the dominant country in the world. " At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Sean said when demonstrating the capital of Guanzhong: "There is faith in the left and longshu in the right, and fertile land is thousands of miles away. This so-called Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the country of abundance is also "("Historical Records, Stay in Hou Shijia "). At that time, "Tianfu" was used to describe the Guanzhong Basin where the capital Xianyang was located (modern people in China's history, such as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, were all built in Xianyang) to praise the local wealth, not to refer to the Sichuan Basin today.

After the Qin Dynasty destroyed Bashu in 3 16 BC, the "Sichuan Basin" was taken as the special zone, especially the Chengdu Plain at the bottom of the basin, which was the first rear base for Qiang Bing, a rich country of Qin, to destroy Qi and cut Chu, unify the world and establish the Qin Dynasty. After the founding of the Western Han Dynasty in 202 BC, it continued the strategy of developing Bashu in the Qin Dynasty. Bashu's agriculture, industry (silk weaving, iron smelting), commerce and humanities are all prosperous.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Bashu region not only produced leading industrial and commercial giants such as Zhuo Wangsun, Cheng Zhengshi and Ba Widow Qing, but also cultivated a number of cultural giants such as Wang Bao and Luo, as well as mathematicians such as Li Bing and Dujiangyan and other world-class engineers and great projects.

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (with Luoyang and Xuchang as the capitals successively), Ban Gu claimed to be rich in Chang 'an (the capital of the Western Han Dynasty) and called it "near Shu" in Er Du Fu. -Use the metaphor of wealth close to Bashu to describe Chang 'an, indicating that Chengdu Plain was already the richest area in China in the Western Han Dynasty.

The word "Land of Abundance" first appeared in Cao Lu Dui written by Zhuge Liang at the end of the Han Dynasty. The article said: "Yizhou is in danger, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the country is rich, so Gaozu became the emperor." Yizhou in Han Dynasty includes Sichuan Basin and Hanzhong Basin.

Chang Qu (about 291-361), a famous historian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said in A Record of Huayang: "Shu Wo is a thousand miles away, which is called' land and sea'. Drought causes water seepage and rain blocks the water gate. So remember that floods and droughts follow people, and hunger is unknown. When there is no famine, the world is called abundance. Later generations nicknamed "the land of abundance" as the land of abundance. The soil and water in Sichuan basin, a land of abundance, not only nourishes people, but also moistens the country. It is this fertile soil that provides the foundation for heroes all over the world to compete for it.

"Land of Abundance" has gradually become synonymous with Sichuan Basin in the writings of scholars of past dynasties, and later entered middle school textbooks and became well-known geographical knowledge.

Li Bai's praise of "Land of Abundance"

Li Bai (70 1-762), a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations and called "Du Li" with Du Fu. Although Li Bai has been wandering all his life, he has always had deep feelings for Bashu. In the eighth, ninth and tenth years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (720, 72 1 722), Li Bai visited Chengdu for three consecutive years when he was about 20 years old. During this period, he wrote "Scattered Flowers in Chengdu":

Rizhao Jincheng Tou, morning flowers scattered.

Gold window embroidered door, silver hook hanging bead foil.

I'm worried about my eyes on the ladder of green clouds and clouds.

Sunset rain flows through the Three Gorges, while the spring river flows around Shuangliu.

Today's visit is like a nine-day tour.

This poem expresses the pleasure of going upstairs by describing the scenery you saw when you went upstairs. The whole poem takes time as the main axis to describe, from morning light to dusk rain, spreading around, from the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the east to Shuangliu County in the south, with vivid image and elegant artistic conception.

In the 13th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 725), Li Bai was twenty-five years old. Because of injustice and a wicked hand, he had to "go to the countryside with his sword, leave his relatives behind and travel far away." When walking out of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Li Bai wrote affectionately, "From Badong Boat to Qutang Gorge, climb the peak of Wushan Mountain and return to the Great Wall at night". In this letter, he bid farewell to his hometown:

The river travels thousands of miles, and the sea and the moon are 15 circles.

Start from Qutang Gorge and then set foot on the top of Wushan Mountain.

Wushan is high and not poor, and Pakistan is exhausted.

Climb the rose when the sun is shining, and lean against the dome stone when the sun is setting.

Flying is extremely high, and there is no smoke in the eyes.

However, I ignored the loss of Danhe and looked up at the sky.

If the sky is clear, where will Han Yin go?

Look at the clouds to know the sky, and remember the water to distinguish the sea.

Traveling around is lonely and late, and there are many ideas in the calendar.

Snow shines on the empty valley, and I hate Temasenko.

I want to go home, but my interest has not stopped.

Jiang Han cried early, and the pine tree spit out the moon.

How long the moonlight is, the monkeys crow.

I can't bear to listen to my resignation, but I am still alone.

This poem tells the story of climbing Wushan, and exaggerates the magnificence of Wushan with exaggerated and bold imagination. The whole poem is full of joy. Although the second half is slightly sad and lonely, it only shows endless regret and regret, and there is nothing to be sad about.

In the second year of Tang Suzong's stay in Germany (AD 757), Li Bai was 57 years old and was named Li by the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. "Rebellion" was implicated and demoted to Yelang. In this dilemma, it is said that the court has decided to designate Chengdu as Nanjing. Regardless of offending, he published a policy that was beneficial to Nanjing and Chengdu, and wrote Ten Poems of the Emperor's Westward Journey to Nanjing, which described the ecological beauty of Tianfu's hometown, such as the beauty of the nine-day fairy palace city, the beauty of people's harmony and friendship, the beauty of a long history and the beauty of humanity, and praised it as a good place to build an imperial city.

Song of emperor's visit to west Nanjing

one

Gently brushed the balcony, the Lord came to the west to patrol Shu Road.

The sword-walled gate is five thousands of feet high, and the stone is a nine-day castle.

Secondly,

Open in nine days 10%, and thousands of families will show their paintings.

The grass and trees are as beautiful as Yunshan, and there is nothing here in Qinchuan.

third

Huayang Chunshu, Xinfeng, enters the new capital like the old palace.

Willow color is not blue, flowers are not red.

Fourth.

Who says it's hard to go? The king is happy for everyone.

Jinjiang was changed to Weishui, and Lei Yu was changed to Chang 'an.

Fifth.

Why did Jinjiang thank Qujiangchi at that time?

The stone mirror will watch the moon tomorrow, and the harem will kiss the moth eyebrow.

Sixth.

Jin Zhuoqing River flows in Wan Li, and Yun Fanlong sings in Yangzhou.

Although there are forest gardens in the north, there are sporadic flower buildings in Nanjing.

Seventh.

Jinshui flows around Jincheng East, and the Star Bridge hangs like a star in the north.

Pilgrims from all over the world, Xiaxian Pavilion in Emei Mountain.

Eighth.

Qin Kai Shudao is the home of Taurus, and Hanshui Tong Yuan is the home of Liu Xinghan.

The son of heaven and his party left a sacred mark, and Jincheng was the emperor state.

Qijiu

The water is blue and the sky is blue, and the scenery is warmer than Sanqin.

Fireworks are accompanied by jade in the four seas, and Jinjiang Spring is added to the west.

tenth

Jiange closed the north gate of Shu again, and the emperor returned to Maroeyun Tun.

The young emperor Chang 'an blooms in purple, and the sun and the moon shine on Kun.

Among Li Bai's many poems, the Song of the Emperor's Journey to Nanjing (ten poems) focuses on Chengdu in his eyes. Among them, Chengdu's natural landscape, human geography and scenery are all-encompassing, and Li Bai even came to the conclusion that Qinchuan got nothing here.

"Song of the Emperor's Journey to Nanjing" (Part II): "A 10% discount will be opened in nine days, and thousands of households will enter the painting. The grass tree cloud is like a splendid cloud, and Qinchuan has no such thing. " In Li Bai's eyes, Chengdu's living environment is pleasant, just like the ninth heaven, and it is a paradise where immortals live. The prosperity of thousands of families is like a painting. The green grass, green trees, white clouds, green hills and red cliffs in Chengdu are like beautiful silk. Where can Qinchuan where Chang 'an is located catch up?

In the 1990s, Chengdu Construction Committee, Chengdu Garden Bureau and other departments planned to build a tower in Tazishan Park. When the tower is about to be completed, the Chengdu Bureau of Landscape Architecture and the management of Tazishan Park convened experts and scholars from all walks of life to hold a naming seminar. More than 20 people, including Ma Shitu, Chairman of Sichuan Writers Association, Zhao Yunyu, a famous painter, and Xu Shangzhi, a national architect, attended the meeting and made speeches. Experts and scholars attending the meeting put forward the names of Ying Hui Building, Scattered Flower Building and Jiutian Building. The Chengdu Bureau of Landscape Architecture and the management department of Tazishan Park collected several opinions and reported them to the Chengdu Municipal People's Government, which was soon named Jiutianlou. Today, on the stone wall of the platform in front of the Jiutian Building in Chengdu Tazishan Park, a song named "Song of the Emperor's Journey to Nanjing" by Li Bai is engraved (part two).

Du Fu's Praise of "Land of Abundance"

Du Fu (7 12—770), a native of Xiangyang, Hubei Province, moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was praised as a "poet saint" by later generations. He and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. Du Fu spent the last ten years of his life wandering in Chang 'an, Luoyang, Chengdu and Kuizhou.

Du Fu entered Chengdu at the age of 49130 February, and wrote his first poem "Chengdu Fu" when he lived in Chengdu.

Sang Yu Day, I'll take my clothes.

I was traveling in different mountains and rivers, and suddenly I stood on the side of heaven.

But when you meet new people, you never know your hometown.

The river flows away, and the wandering sun and moon grow long.

Once the city was full of houses of China people, and the trees were pale in winter and winter.

This is a famous city, and it is also the spring of oral sex.

Faithful and at a loss, he glanced sideways at Chuan Liang.

Birds return at night, and the Central Plains is vast.

The first month is not high, but the stars are still brilliant.

I have traveled since ancient times. Why should I be sad?

Du Fu went through a lot of hardships to find a place to live. Now he has come to Chengdu, which is rich and prosperous. "I was traveling in a strange mountain and water, and suddenly I came to the other side of the world", which opened a new world in front of him and gave him new hope for life. The feeling of relief was beyond words. "But when I meet new people, I don't know my hometown." As soon as I was born, I immediately thought of my dream hometown. It is impossible to predict when I will meet again. But when I saw The River of No Return, I could only be a person who had been wandering for many years. Next, Chengdu's prosperity and mild climate turn grief into joy. However, although Chengdu is beautiful, it is not its native land. Birds still return to their nests after dark, and the vast Central Plains is blocked by mountains. He doesn't know when he can go back. The poet fell into pain again. At that time, the counties in the Central Plains were still in the hands of the Anshi Rebellion, and the phrase "the vast Central Plains" contained countless feelings of worrying about the country and the people and hurting the disadvantages of the times. The poet looked at the starry sky, worried and disappointed, and finally ended with a self-forgiveness.

In Du Fu's eyes, Tianfu is a new world, a new nation, a new city, a new landscape, a new culture and a new history. Du Fu's impression of the "six new" land of abundance-from the natural environment to the humanistic atmosphere, from folk customs to the unique history of ancient Shu-was "not seen in the previous year" by the poet.

Du Fu lived in the southeast and northwest of Sichuan Basin, a land of abundance, for nearly 10 years, and wrote nearly a thousand poems, accounting for 70% of Du Fu's 1555 poems. The land of abundance nourishes and cultivates Du Fu with its unique natural environment and profound humanistic heritage, and it is the land of abundance that provides Du Fu with a "ladder to the top of China's poetic history".