What are the aspects of national education?

National studies, emerged in the early twentieth century, and flourished in the twenties, the eighties and the "roots" fever, the nineties "national studies" fever once again set off to this day, is the people of today for the traditional culture of reflection and confrontation. In today's context, it is the repositioning of traditional culture in today's China and even in the world's multiculturalism.

The term "national education" arose in the historical period of the eastward trend of western learning and cultural transformation. As for the definition of "national education", strictly speaking, so far, the academic circles have not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous writers have different opinions and are not sure what to say. Universal statement such as the nationalist Deng Chen wrote an article in 1906, said: "What is the national scholar? All of a country's learning. There is a land and life on it, because of the country into a country, there is a country that has its own learning. Learning also, learning the learning of a country for the use of the country, and self-governance of a country." ("Record of Lectures on National Studies," Journal of Nationalism, No. 19) Mr. Deng's concept of national studies is very broad, but the main emphasis is on the world-renewing nature of national studies.

Generally speaking, national education refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Since national education is traditional Chinese culture and scholarship, it undoubtedly also includes medicine, theater, painting and calligraphy, astrology, numerology and so on, which of course belongs to the scope of national education, but can also be said to be the extension of national education.

The national science to discipline points, should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, version, etc., of which the Confucian philosophy for the mainstream; to the ideological points, should be divided into the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and so on, Confucianism through and dominate the history of Chinese thought, the other columns of the subordinate position; the national science to the "Siku Quanshu" points, should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, set, but the scriptures, son of the Department of The Chinese studies should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Jie, but the Jing and Zi parts should be emphasized, and the Jing part should be preferred.

The Siku Quanshu is the largest collection of books in ancient China, compiled in the Qianlong period, by the then first-class scholars such as Ji Xiaolan, Wang Niansun, Dai Zhen and so on. The "Siku" refers to the four sections of scripture, history, son and collection, and the "Quanshu" refers to the collection of the whole book. Jing - Jing is divided into "Yi Class", "Book Class", "Poetry Class", "Rites Class" and "Poetry Class", "Rites", "Spring and Autumn Annals", "Filial Piety", "General Meaning of the Scriptures", "Four Books", "Music", "Primary School", "Stone Scriptures", "Compendium category", mainly Confucian classics and annotated studies of Confucian classics of famous works. One of the thirteen Confucian classics: "Zhou Yi", "Shangshu", "Zhouli", "Rites of Passage", "Rites of Passage", "Poetry", "Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan", "Spring and Autumn Gongyangzhuan", "Spring and Autumn Guliangzhuan", "The Analects of Confucius", "Filial Piety Scriptures", "Er Ya", "Mencius".

History--The history section is divided into the categories of "Official History", "Chronicle", "Chronicle of the End", "Partial History", and "Partial History". "Historical Copies", "Records", "Seasonal Classes", "Geographical Classes", "Officials", "Political Books", "Catalogs", "Historical Reviews", "compilation category", important titles such as: "Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", "Records of the Three Kingdoms", "Ziji Tongjian", "Strategies of the Warring States", "Chronicle of Song, Yuan, and Ming Histories" and so on.

Subdivision--Subdivision for "Confucianism class", "military class", "legal class", "Class of Agriculture", "Class of Medicine", "Class of Astronomy and Algorithms", "Class of Arts and Numbers", "Art Class", "Genealogical Record Class", "Miscellaneous Class", "Class Book Class", "Series of books", "Compendiums", "Novelists", "Interpreters", "Taoism", "Yehism", "Islam", "Western Studies", important books such as: Laozi", "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Xunzi", "Hanfeizi", "Guanzi", "Yinwenzi", "Shenzi", "Gongsunlongzi", "Huainanzi", "Huguopu Zi", "Liezi", "Sunzi", "The Classic of the Sea and the Mountain", "Arts and Letters Classical Gathering", "The Sutra of the Vajra", "The Sutra of the Forty-two Chapters" and so on.

Collections--Collections are divided into "Chu Rhetoric Classes", "Separate Collections Classes", and "General Collections Classes", "Lyrics and Songs", "Boudoir", important titles such as: "Chu Rhetoric," "All Tang Poetry," "All Song Lyrics," "Lefu Poetry Collection," "Chu Rhetoric," "Selected Writings," "Li Taibai Collection," "Du Gongbu Collection," "Han Changli Collection," "Liu Hedong Collection," "White Bai Xiangshan ji, and so on. [edit paragraph] Scope of National Studies Traditional National Studies.

The national science to discipline points, should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, editions, etc., which to Confucian philosophy for the mainstream; to thought points, should be divided into the pre-Qin sons, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and so on, Confucianism through and dominate the history of Chinese thought, and the other columns subordinate position; the national science to the "Sikuquanshu," points should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, set, but the scriptures, son, especially tends to the scriptures. The Chinese studies should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Jie, but the Jing and Zi parts should be emphasized, and the Jing part should be preferred.

The Siku Quanshu is the largest collection of books in ancient China, compiled in the Qianlong period, by the then first-class scholars such as Ji Xiaolan, Wang Niansun, Dai Zhen and so on. The term "Siku" refers to the four books, namely, sutra, history, son, and collection, and the term "Quanshu" refers to the collection of all the books. The term "National Studies" is short for the academic essence that blends the best of traditional Chinese culture with the essence of contemporary culture. It is one of the things that the new generation should know.

Generally speaking, National Studies refers to the traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Since the national education is the traditional Chinese culture and academic, it undoubtedly also includes medicine, drama, painting and calligraphy, astrology, numerology and so on, which of course belongs to the category of national education, but it can also be said that it is the extension of the national education.

Derivation of the concept of the great national science: national science, hanxue, chinology.

"National studies", as the name suggests, Chinese studies, Chinese studies. Qin brick Han tile, non-Qin (English China as evidence) that Han (Han Studies), since the Han Dynasty to down, the national strength of the heyday, overseas and the Han nation's learning as "Han Studies", although the archaeology confirmed that the term "Han Studies" as late as the Southern Song Dynasty has been more common, narrowly referred to as the two Han Dynasty. Although the term "hanxue" has been more common in the Southern Song Dynasty, narrowly referred to as the two Han period of the academic thinking of the Confucianism, and the Han dynasty people focus on the study of Confucianism in the name, in the exegesis, the later generation for the study of the scriptures, history, name, exegesis, the study of the study of the Han for hanxue; but overseas hanxue, or can be interpreted as the Han nation of the study of the study, that is, on the study of China, in particular, refers to the study of the language and culture of China, literature, history, and customs, including China's six arts and five arts categories. The six arts refer to the six arts of etiquette, music, archery, imperialism, calligraphy, and mathematics, and the five arts refer to the five arts of mountains, medicine, divination, fortune-telling, and phasing. (The above article is excerpted from "Nanko boat: national studies in the fever talk about national studies")

"National studies", there are more broad interpretation. Such as the art of a hundred, such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, military, law, ink and a hundred other sayings are collected in the capsule of the national science, so that the five arts and six arts of the hundred sayings can be collectively referred to as the "national science", which, in addition to Buddhism is a foreign religion, basically all born in the Chinese mainland, so the national science is also known as the "Chinese learning Therefore, national studies are also called "Chinese studies" and "Han studies". (The above article is excerpted from the "Nanke boat: national studies in the hot talk about national studies")

National studies education

As for the establishment of national studies degree in the university, some people say that the "degree of national studies" positioning itself is very vague, in fact, the national studies include what areas and scope itself is not vague. National studies are divided into a small circle of national studies and a large circle of national studies, a small circle of national studies is limited to the Department of the scriptures, the Department of History, the Department of the son, the Department of the collection, the large circle of national studies include the five arts, the six arts, the hundred schools of thought. With the gradual decline of Western learning and Eastern learning style by the ups and downs and gradually rising and rising, to today is not easy, the national science is accompanied by traditional Chinese culture and growth, accompanied by the development of China's history. Recently, I heard that on October 15, 2008, the National College of Renmin University of China indicated that it would formally submit an application for the establishment of a degree in Chinese studies to the relevant departments, so may I ask which one of the disciplines and subjects in Chinese studies will be set up as a "doctoral" degree? Or should the five arts, the six arts, the hundred schools of thought all set up a "doctoral" degree, if this is more than one, whether other subjects are not Chinese studies, should not be included in the "national science"? (Welcome to reprint but please specify that it is taken from the Nanke Zhou blog)

The development of the national science

The birth of the national science of Western learning. The term "national education" arose in the historical period of Western learning and cultural transformation. On the definition of national education, strictly speaking, so far, the academic community has not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous writers have different opinions and are not sure what to say. Universal statement such as the nationalist Deng Chen wrote an article in 1906, said: "What is the national scholar? All of a country's learning. There is a land and life on it, because of the country into a country, there is its country has its learning. Learning also, learning the learning of a country for the use of the country, and self-governance of a country." ("Record of National Studies Seminar," Journal of Nationalism, No. 19) Mr. Deng's concept of national studies was broad, but the main emphasis was on the worldly usefulness of national studies.

The polemic between the National Studies and the Western Studies. Looking y into the original meaning of the original name of the national school, it originally referred to the national academies, such as the ancient Imperial College and the State Prison. The simple fact is that it refers only to the classical and exegetical study of language and writing in the classics of scripture, history, history, and the collection of books. Since the gradual change of Western learning, cultural diversion and transformation, in order to distinguish from Western learning, the people of our country's "six arts, five arts", "the Hundred Schools of Thought" collectively referred to as the "national science", Western learning flourished in the East, Eastern learning declined, and modern learning has been in the East since the beginning of the 20th century. Western learning flourished in the East, the decline of Eastern learning, modern since the May Fourth Movement of the New Youth before and after some of the masters of the National Science, to protect the National Science and began to fight with the West, the Western School of thought that the wholesale acceptance of Western learning, while the Nationalists are sworn to protect the ancestors left behind 5,000 years of the essence of the Chinese culture. (Welcome to reprint but please indicate that it is taken from the Nanke Zhou blog)

The development of the national and Western schools in the domestic diversion. Nationalism was originally unique to our country, but in modern Chinese history, due to the division between Chinese and Western studies, Nationalism and Western studies began to gradually diverge in the country. In mainland China, the National Studies had been coated by the destruction of the Four Olds, after the end of the Cultural Revolution and the reform and opening up of the country, the freedom of thought and academic culture of the people of the country has been gradually restored, and the space of the traditional Chinese culture and art has been gradually reproduced and enlarged, and the branches have flourished and grown, and from the reform and opening up of the eighties of the last century, the "National Studies" has resurfaced to the present day. National studies, emerged in the early twentieth century, and flourished in the twenties, the eighties and the "root" fever, the nineties "national studies" fever again rising so far, are nowadays people for the traditional culture of reflection and confrontation. Nowadays, it is the repositioning of traditional culture in today's China and even in the world's multiculturalism. Although the national science is not philosophy, but the history of the development of national science encompasses the development of philosophy in China for thousands of years, the national science can not be singled out from traditional Chinese culture, the establishment of the degree to find the basic basis for a comprehensive revival of China's national culture, the implementation of the Spring and Autumn period of the Hundred Schools of Thought, the revival of the culture including the five arts, the Six Arts, the Hundred Schools of Thought culture, the only real revival of the national science day. The modernization of national education is to revive and modernize the five arts, six arts, and the hundred schools of thought in the scientific and cultural knowledge. (Welcome to reprint but please indicate that it is taken from the Nanke Zhou blog)

The purpose of Chinese national education is 'to establish a heart for heaven and earth, to establish a life for the people, to continue the study of the past saints, and to create peace for the ages'. The "national education" should include the five arts, the six arts, and the hundred schools of thought. The "Hundred Schools of Thought", including "Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Criminal Law, Names, Law, and Ink", is the study of "establishing the heart for heaven and earth"; the Six Arts, including "Rites, Music, Archery, Royalty, Calligraphy, and Mathematics", in ancient times, were the most important of the six arts. In ancient times, "six arts" in the ritual, music, archery, imperial, known as the "big art", is the aristocrats must have the art of politics, aristocratic children in the stage of the Imperial College to study in-depth; the book and the number of known as "small arts", is the people's livelihood, and so on. Small arts", is the people's daily use of the required skills, is in the ancient "elementary school" stage of the required courses, is "for the people of life" of the art; which five arts, is "for the past sage following the extinct school Among them, the five arts, which are the studies of "succeeding the extinct studies for the past saints" and "investigating the relationship between heaven and mankind", include "mountain, medicine, divination, fate, and physiognomy" and so on. The people who are nowadays criticized as "superstitious" and those who easily deny all the studies of "investigating the relationship between heaven and mankind" in fact seldom stand on the position of ultimate care which is closely related to the state of existence of life, and seriously investigate the true meaning and intrinsic value of the relationship between heaven and mankind, to bring life closer to the state of existence and to the value of life and to the value of life. In fact, they seldom stand on the position of ultimate care related to the state of existence of life to seriously explore the true meaning and intrinsic value of the people of heaven, to draw closer to the indirect and direct connection between the existence of life and the people of heaven, and to build a bridge of communication between the tradition and the times, and between learning and life. (The above article is excerpted from Dong Bin's "What is the "Great National Learning" and its Purpose and Meaning?)

The theory of "great nation learning" is conducive to the cohesion of the cultural centripetal force of the Chinese nation. In view of this, in March this year, Mr. Ji Xianlin, a national treasure and a master of national education, was interviewed at Beijing 301 Hospital and put forward the concept of "Great National Learning" with great foresight. He said, "National studies should be in the scope of 'great national studies', not national studies in the narrow sense. Domestic regional cultures and the cultures of 56 ethnic groups are all included in the scope of 'national studies'. The regional and ethnic cultures have various forms of expression, but they ****together constitute the cultural ****similarity of Chinese culture." It is a kind of grand unified "cultural reconciliation". Therefore, I think, the five arts and six arts of the hundred schools of thought, east and west, south and north of our country where the study of the domain, can be called "national science", that is, the Republic of China's study can be called "national science". In the international arena, the similar term called Sinology or China Studies, the modern "Chinese Studies" scholars for the current international community, Western scholars of Tibetan studies, Manchu studies, etc. excluded from Sinology, intentionally and deliberately cause damage to the great unity of China, the suspicion of the historical era, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Republic of China. The suspicion of the historical era, the national science called "Chinese Studies" (China Studies), including Chinese Han and the ancient Three Emperors and Five Emperors, including Emperor Yan, Emperor Huang, Emperor Chi all descendants of the national science, are listed as China's "national science". (The above article is excerpted from Dong Bin's article. (The above article is excerpted from the Dong Bin "What is the" national science "and its purpose and significance?)

All comments and opinions against the cultural integration of the Chinese nation are trampling on the national culture and are extremely irresponsible. The theory of the great national science of Mr. Ji Xianlin, a master of national science, is conducive to the national and cultural integration of the great Chinese nation, to the great integration of the national culture accumulated over the past 5,000 years, and to the cohesion of the cultural centripetal force of the Chinese nation! It is conducive to the great unity of the Chinese nation. (The above article is excerpted from Dong Bin's "What is the "Great National Science" and its purpose and significance?)

The theory of humanistic "great national science" should be born in harmony with modern Western scientific thought. Professor Chen Sihe, vice dean of the School of Humanities at Fudan University, put forward the idea that "the Haiku culture can accommodate all kinds of cultures and maintain the harmony and balance among them", and I would like to borrow it here, that the theory of humanities "great national science" does not exclude the sciences, and should be harmonized with the contemporary Western scientific thought. The theory of humanistic "great national science" does not exclude science, and should be harmonized with the contemporary western scientific thought. Realization of Professor Chen Sihe said "pluralism and normative culture of the general body survival" state, the five arts and six arts and the hundred schools of thought can be harmoniously **** born, each other should not be mutually exclusive. (The above article is excerpted from Dong Bin, "What is the "Great National Learning" and its purpose and significance?)

The Five Arts and the Six Arts and the Hundred Schools of Thought can live in harmony. Five arts and six arts from the birth of the beginning and the hundred schools of thought on the conjoined **** born, if there is no five arts and six arts, there is no Chinese culture, there is no Chinese philosophy, denying the five arts and six arts is tantamount to the negation of Chinese philosophy, Chinese philosophy will be dragged into the nihilistic mire swamps never to return. This is a cultural phenomenon in which prosperity and decadence are **** born. If the five arts and six arts are outlawed, China's folk beliefs and ethics will lose their soil and roots. The fact that the I Ching, which was not burned by Emperor Qin Shi Huang's burning of books and Confucianism, has survived and developed up to the present time is very illustrative of the problem. Prof. Chen Sihe proposed that "only by embracing the existence of various cultural forms can the culture itself become pluralistic and rich". This is also the basis for the independence of Chinese culture from the rest of the world. Only when it is more Chinese can it be more global. (The above article is excerpted from Dong Bin's "What is the "Great National Learning" and its Purpose and Significance?) [Edit Paragraph] Classics of the National Academy of Sciences The classics of Confucianism are divided into the "Classes of Yi", "Classes of Books", "Classes of Poetry", "Classes of Rites", "Classes of the Book", "Classes of the Book", and "Classes of the Book". ", "Four Books", "Music", "Elementary School", "Stone Scriptures ", "Compendium Class", mainly Confucian classics and annotated studies of Confucian classics of masterpieces. Among the Confucianism thirteen scriptures: "Zhou Yi", "Shangshu", "Zhouli", "Rites of Passage", "Rites of Passage", "Poetry", "Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan", "Spring and Autumn Gongyangzhuan", "Spring and Autumn Guliangzhuan", "The Analects of Confucius", "Filial Piety Scriptures", "Er Ya", "Mencius".

History - various genres of historical works

History is divided into "the main history", "chronicles", "chronicles", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end", "the end". The class", "the end of the class", "other history", "miscellaneous history", "imperial decree and discussion", "biographies ", "Historical transcripts", "Records", "Seasonal", "Geography ", "Officials", "Political Books", "Catalogs", "Historical Commentaries ", "compilation class", important titles such as: "Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Three Kingdoms", "Ziji Tongjian", "Strategies of the Warring States", "Song, Yuan, and Ming history of the chronicle of the end of the book" and so on.

The sub-part - the hundred schools of thought and the religious works of Buddhism and Taoism

The sub-part of the "Confucianism", "military class", "legal class", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the" and "the". Legalism", "Agriculture", "Medicine", "Astronomy and Algorithms", "Art and Numbers ", "art", "genealogical records", "miscellaneous", "class books ", "series of books", "compendium", "novelists", "Buddhism ", "Taoism", "Yehudism", "Islam", "Western Studies ", important books such as: "Laozi", "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Xunzi", "Hanfeizi", "Guanzi", "Yinwenzi", "Shenzi", "Gongsunlongzi", "Huainanzi", "Hugu Puzi", "Liezi", "Sunzi", "Mountains and Seas", "Arts and Letters Classical Collections", "Diamond Sutra", "Forty-two Chapters of the Sutra," and so on.

Collection - the hundred schools of thought and art, genealogical records

Collection part of the "Chu Rhetoric class", "class of other collections", "" General Collection", "Lyrics and Songs", "Boudoir", important titles such as: "Chu Rhetoric", "All-Tang Dynasty Poetry", "All Song Dynasty Lyrics", "Lefu Poetry Collection", "Selected Writings", "Li Taibai Collection", "Du Gongbu Collection", "Han Changli Collection", "Liu Hedong Collection", "Li Taibai Collection" and "Du Gongbu Collection". Li Taibai's Collections, Du Gongbu's Collections, Han Changli's Collections, Liu Hedong's Collections, Bai Xiangshan's Collections, and so on. [edit paragraph] The four parts of the scripture, history, son and collection of the correct name What is the national science?

National studies is a term produced in the 1920s of the last century, the historical background of the time needless to say, the academic theme of the times is the gradual development of Western learning. Previously, China's old school in the face of modern civilization was a failure, Zeng Guofan inherited the Ming Confucian tradition, physical practice, through the use of the classics, and later Zhang Zhidong proposed "secondary school for the body, Western learning for use", trying to reconcile the yin and yang relationship between tradition and reality. Later, the academic world rose "finishing the national history" of the boom, although with the historical conditions at that time seems to be incongruous, in fact, there is a profound historical rationality. Proposed to learn from the West, "the master of the barbarians to control the barbarians," Wei Yuan, then not only proposed to learn from Western civilization, and at the same time proposed the restoration of the two Han scriptures, which seems to be extremely contradictory, but in fact it is Wei Yuan's brilliant, and since then it is in this way on the basis of the reasonable principle of exchange between the East and the West.

At that time, there was a tendency for the people of China to reject the national essence, and what comes from foreign countries is syphilis is also good, while looking at one of the intruders of the New Culture Movement, Hu Shih, who introduced Dewey's pragmatism at the same time teaching the history of Chinese philosophy. At that time, the historical atmosphere, the concept of national education after the emergence of its meaning of connotation is naturally more complex, including the traditional official folk all kinds of learning, art, skills, etc., but in a narrow sense, the scope of the national education is not out of the four parts of the scriptures, history, and the collection of the four, while the four parts of the four parts of the scriptures as the first.

Today's people's basic view of the national education is only in the form, and even think that the use of the literary language is the national education, for the Park and so on a few do not have any concept. For example, the rule of national education first from the scriptures to start, the scriptures, the ancient name of the six scriptures or the six arts, the later generations through the Qin fire, after a few changes, is ultimately designated as the thirteen scriptures, including the "Zhou Yi", "Shangshu", "Poetry", "Weekly Rites", "Rites", "Zuozhuan", "Gongyangzhuan", "Guliangzhuan", "the Analects of Confucius", "Erya", "Filial Piety", "Mengzi". Zhouyi" to divination of the book, through the Qin fire and alone, has not been burned and banned, the six scriptures in the other scriptures and six countries history books and so on were burned in the burning of books and pitting of scholars, after the beginning of the Han Dynasty by the official collation of the search, from the late Qin Dr. Fusheng these people according to their recitation of the recounting of the re-fill, and the original book more inconsistent, and at the same time there is Ru Gongwang bad Confucius home wall found in the wall of the book, and the later generations of Liu Xin in the secret house to organize out of the "Ancient scriptures", although there are scripturalists of the present and the ancient text of the controversy, the ancient text of the family and because of the forgery of part of the scriptures and be criticized, after the East Han Zheng Xuan reconcile the present and the ancient text, but also by the Wang Bi, Wang Su people, the present and the ancient text of the controversy gradually eliminated, and a generation of people are a generation of the style of the interpretation of the scriptures, the Western Han still plague, so Dong Zhongshu and others speak Gongyang science of the words of the plague, the Beijing room of the Yi school of the trigonometric gas; The Eastern Han Dynasty was popular prophecy, Zheng Xuan is both the note of the book of latitude; Wei and Jin still Xuan, is the effort to reconcile Confucianism and Taoism, on the four this, Chong have, noble no to have will not be the same as the theory that said the "Yi" more than to take the purpose of the Taoists. The North and South Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, roughly inherited and collated, Kong Yingda notes group of scriptures, for the time of the integration of the north and south of the scriptures to make a contribution.

Song and Ming Yi following Chen Tuan and Shao Yong, Zhu Xi, after the adoption of easy to speak easy, focusing on righteousness, at this time, the science of science, but also those who experienced the Sui and Tang dynasties, by the influence of Zen Buddhism, and into a new realm. And then there is Taiji, gas, reason, sex, said all over the human heart, at this time the Confucianism from Confucius has been gradually far away, to Wang Yangming "psychology" is more to take the Buddhist Mahayana essence. The Qing dynasty, the text of the great rise, the Park School of the great rise, especially during the Qianjia years, Nalan "Tongzhitang scripture," after all of them to organize the text of the scriptures to investigate the version and make justice paper, Jiao Zhuan, Qian Daxin, Ruan Yuan, etc., for the crown.

In recent times, Yuyue both ancient and modern text, its disciples and then start the ancient and modern text of the controversy, there is the South China Sea, Mr. Kang Youwei made the "new school of pseudo-scripture test", when Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei people, so the struggle is getting more and more intense. Through the history of Confucianism, we must also know the political factors behind the Confucianism, such as the Han Dynasty, the Confucianism is the method of monopoly of the Shi clan, the note is to master the right to speak, is to create the Spring and Autumn aristocrats as a general generation of hairpin tassel of the giant family, in Jin after the Shi clan has become a force beyond the imperial power, to the "king of the horse **** the world," the said.

The dispute between the ancient and modern literature is more involved in many political factors, such as Wang Mang reorganization, etc. In short, the intricacies of the problems in the scriptures, and only after the rule of the scriptures, can be spread throughout the books, history, son, set of the Department. For example, do not pass the scriptures, will not "Er Ya", "Shuowen Jiezi" exegetical phonetics and so on, will not be able to read and understand the ancient books on the text; do not understand the "Zhouyi" number of elephants and even astronomy and geography, will not be able to read and understand the history of the various calendars in the heavenly phenomena of the disaster records, and also do not read and understand the "Historical Records," the "Qin and Chu occasion of the moon table" and so on, and thus also unable to understand the Sima Qian "study of the sky and mankind "The theoretical system; do not understand the Yi science, do not read the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Classic of Poetry, the Book of Rites, and so on, will not be able to understand a lot of theoretical sources in the Zi science (because the ancient culture of the organizers and masterminds are not Lao Zi, Mozi, Zhuang Zi, but the Confucianism of the supreme master, Confucius).

There are roughly three kinds of systems in the history department: a chronicle, inherited from the system of "Historical Records", such as the "Book of Han" and "Ming History"; a chronicle, inherited from the system of "Spring and Autumn Annals", such as the "Ziji Tongjian"; and a chronicle, inherited from the "Tongjian Chronicle of the End of the World", such as the "History of the Song Dynasty, Chronicle of the End of the World", and so on. In the eyes of Zhang Chengzhai, the six classics are all history ("Zhouyi" and the relationship between history can be referred to Hu Pu'an "Zhouyi view of ancient history"), so the history of the Department of the actual is also inherited from the tradition of the scriptures, the history of the pen that is the use of Spring and Autumn brushwork and the use of the scriptures through the three unity, respect for the king and the barbarians, the great unity, the mother of the child is the most important concepts, this is a general overview of the Department of the history of the.

Collection of Chu Rhetoric, general collection, collection of other classifications, the main collection of literature and art works, this part of the writer as a result of successive generations of constantly updated and populated and magnificent, such as the Song people have tens of thousands of volumes of books, and in the world after the burning of the book in the Jiangling book collection, but only 20,000 to 30,000 volumes. This part of the primary and secondary schools and scriptures (rhyme and exegesis, etc.) more associated with, such as "Peiwen poetry rhyme," etc., to be different from the elementary school, do not understand the flat and narrow and ancient sound, etc., you can not recite poems and fill in the lyrics of the fugue belonging to the text, today's article is not good or the elementary school is not enough to be solid foundation, the Chinese characters themselves do not have a deep understanding of the Chinese language, but also can not be through the other languages and the Chinese language, the comparison, more obvious that language ability is thin. The article can be used as three immortal "speech", but it is also the essence of the article.

Beyond history and history, such as the West Wing, Peony Pavilion and so on can be categorized as a collection of the Department of the arts, is also the content of the national essence of the national science also has a seat, but is no longer the main vein, the development of today can be, but in fact, has been the end of the industry of the idle stream.

On the national science, first of all, the meaning of the national science, the so-called must also correct the name, good. [edit paragraph] meaning and categorization The Journal of History and Geography explains the national science: "the national science of the name, it is difficult to determine its meaning. In the world status, that is, Chinese studies. Analyzed as words, the original Chinese academic, can be divided into various disciplines. In terms of disciplines, it should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, edition, and so on. Philosophy in which the philosophy of Confucianism as the mainstream philosophy, including Taoism, Buddhism, a hundred schools of thought, etc.; thought points, should be divided into the pre-Qin sons, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, etc., Confucianism through and dominate the history of Chinese thought, the other columns subordinate position.