Funeral details

I would like to know too

-Shou Ling-?

After bathing the body and dressing, set up a spirit hall to guard the spirit, commonly known as the guard store, by filial piety family members day and night guarding the body, in order to show filial piety. Zhi said: "both coffins, set up a spiritual place, please Eup Shen has a character hope that the title of the gleam, so-called book inscription. Spirit next to a lamp, light fluorescent day and night, said the dark light. Filial piety son day and night to guard the spirit of the second, three hours on the food." Spirit hall to solemn tone, hanging green, black mourning tent, set up the spiritual seat, erected the Lord of the gods sign. God's main card, also known as the "wood main", the ancient name "worship" or "ancestral", one foot two inches long, three inches wide, the upper cut off two corners, semi-circular, there is a base below, on the book of the name of the deceased, font size, birth and death years, etc., in the old days, the spirit hall is a solemn tone, hang the green and black mourning tent, set up the spirit seat, erected God's main card. The old times, such as birth and death years, when the official must also write on the official title, title name. God on the number of words on the main card has a certain program rules, different places. Xinghua area according to the "prosperity, prosperity, decline" three words projected, week after week, the last word can not be set in the "decline" on the word. In Quanzhou, it is projected according to the four characters of "Xing, Wang, Decline and Weakness", and it is better to contain "Xing and Wang", otherwise it is taboo. In Yongan, according to the "life, old age, disease, death, suffering" five words projected, the last word should be set on the "old" word is good, commonly known as "old". God's main "Lord" temporarily written as "Wang" word, to be returned to the dragon after the reputable people with Zhu Pen to add a little bit for the "Lord" word, commonly known as "point of the main The word "Lord" is commonly known as "point Lord". In Zhangping and other places, do not set up the Lord, but with plain damask or white cloth tied into a spiritual seat, commonly known as "soul cloth", written on the deceased's family name, such as name. In the town, the hall for the statue, the statue written on both sides of the memorial or filial piety of the deceased words, and hanging couplets, hanging scrolls, etc., seem more solemn and dignified.

Set incense on the hall, for fruit, incense and candles. Qing Dynasty wake, men do not shave their heads, women do not comb their hair, bed thatch and pillow block, sip porridge and vegetarian, in order to show their grief. In modern times, most of the spirit bed in front of another bed, or on the ground to spread some straw, sleep there to guard. Nowadays, to filial piety family members take turns to sit next to the remains of the guardian as usual. The duties of the guardian of the spirit there are two: one is to ensure that the foot of the lamp (long lamp) long bright and incense. In Fuzhou, "foot-tail candle" to half of the point to be blown out for another, the funeral will be the remaining half of the candle distributed to the children, implying that the descendants of the uninterrupted. The second is to prevent cats and rats close to the body, it is believed that cats (especially white-hoofed cats and short-tailed cats) jumped over the body, the body will become a zombie jumped up and pounced on the people, this time only in a hurry, will be a broomstick or a pillow and other objects thrown to the zombie to hold on to, can be out of harm's way. Xiapu area and clouds, the dead of the rat heard the cat will jump up and grab people, so often put a broom or a bundle of grass next to the body, just in case. The intent of this legend is to have the filial family members guard the remains at all times in order to fulfill their final filial piety.

-Crying Mourning-?

When a loved one dies, the mourning family expresses their grief by crying, which is called wailing. Wailing is usually accompanied by a recounting of the deceased's accomplishments and feelings of longing for the deceased. In some places, there is a certain tone and content of the wailing, the tone is low, the end of the sentence is often dragged out of the rhyme and ornamentation, many women, especially rural women over 40 or 50 years of age, according to this tune, the words of the mouth to sing, or to send condolences, or to tell their lives, or to vent their anger.

In Fuzhou, there are folk songs such as "10 v. Bitterness", "December Song of Filial Piety" and "Song of Pity", all of which are very touching. Because of different objects, the content of the cry is different, such as on the life of people often cry and sing: "Alas, the mother's milk (or Lang Strike, Fuzhou dialect, the mother's milk is the mother, Lang Strike is the father), ah, your life and hard work and thrift, did not eat a complementary, did not have a day of good times, how a disease on the way, leaving the boys, girls and boys so miserable ... ... ..." If the "young man died", the cry is even more poignant: "Short life, ah, thou went away as soon as you were sick, and misplaced the third and fourth class people. You do not care about your parents' old age, and your mother's later life, we carefully (small). Thou hast no regard for youthfulness ......." The daughter cried and sang to her father: "Ten flights of stairs are just firewood. Aiya, my Lang Strike ah, you personally planted trees into forests, cutting wood to build ladders more painstaking. Just like your hard work in nurturing your children to grow up, you had no food and no supplements in your life, and you were buried in the field in all seasons. Now that you have returned to the earth, the poor men and women miss you in their hearts. Called me Lang strike you should not, see me Lang strike ladder building shadow you do not appear ......." The child bride cried and sang her mother-in-law: "To tell the bitter feelings of the year, ah, my mother-in-law, when under your hands, your firewood as a heart and liver, iron casting five viscera, regardless of the wind, frost, rain and snow, do not ask about the cold and heat as long as I do oxen as a horse ......." Morning offering of rice soup sung: "morning up thinking about my pro-nurse (or Lang strike), on the soup on the table, the heart is so sad ......." Before the funeral to pay tribute to the soul of the deceased crying sung mostly in praise of: "Father like the South Mountain green pines and cypresses, four seasons always green shade descendants. So that the boys can be more successful, so that the girls can have wealth and honor ......." Or "The milk is like a daylily, a year full of green shade descendants. So that the family can grow and benefit, so that the children and grandchildren can enjoy peace and quiet ......." In southern Fujian, married women receive obituaries, crying along the way, called "crying road head", family access to the hall, crying even more poignant: "My father (mother) heh, there is no food (live) more than ten years, eight years, can come to become a child into a child heh, my father (mother), yo... ..." Min Dong area has "forty-nine filial piety song", during the wake every day and night crying and singing. In some places, you can't wipe your nose during the mourning and let it drag on the ground, which makes it seem even more sad. In the old days, there are still people hired to cry and mourn in southern Fujian. In recent years, the Fuzhou area with a tape recorder to record the process of crying for the funeral along the way to play.

There have been certain practices since ancient times, and in the Book of Rites, there is a record of "a woman welcoming a guest to send a guest without going down to the hall, down to the hall without crying, and a man out of his bedside door to see people without crying". Most places in Fujian also have "funeral not smile", "look bier not song" and other sayings, taboo tears dripping on the body, wearing life dress, not cry, cover the coffin nail not cry, late at night do not howl and so on.

- Okuribi -?

The body will be put into the coffin, called the great coffin, also known as the coffin. Usually held on the third day after the death of the mortuary ceremony, some places depending on the season. Longyan slang says: "spring three, summer one, fall five, winter seven." ? Before the coffin, to be held to the remains of the farewell ceremony, customs vary from place to place. In southern Fujian generally popular "resignation" custom, that is, before the coffin should be set up for the case, 12 bowls of dishes, by the Taoist priest bowl by bowl dedicated to the deceased, read a variety of auspicious words. In eastern Fujian, offerings by the married woman ready to do, mainly pigs, chickens and ducks, meat swallows, cuttlefish, etc., or 7 bowls, or 9 bowls, can only be an odd number of family members by the first worship, followed by friends and relatives to take turns worshipping. In Fuzhou and other places, before the coffin in the back of the hall to put a master chair, first asked a "good life" (with a wife and children and happy old man in his old age) sit for a moment, and then lift the remains on the master chair to sit on the back of a child, commonly referred to as "sitting case", and then symbolically feed the dead face, and will be Boiled eggs sealed in the mouth, wrapped up. Many places in the coffin before doing Jiao super. In the will be happy, often to ask the sorcerer known as the South Moxian jiao, offerings of roosters and rice bucket, lighting "seven star lamp" (49 lamps lit on a tree), commonly known as "shine rice bucket".

Before the coffin, many places have "let go of the end of the money" custom. The master of ceremonies in the hands of the end of the money, the mouth read the word cloud: "rice bucket ring, money millions to buy a field; let go of the end, children and grandchildren get guys (family property)." Or read: "Let go of the money, grandchildren will be rich and prosperous for ten thousand years." Filial families regard the hand tail money extremely valuable, funeral hands tied to the hand tail money (filial male with a white belt, filial female with a green belt) to the funeral. In Xiapu and other places, the "water quilt" or in the sleeve of the birthday suit cut off a small piece, divided into filial piety, commonly known as "break up the tail thing", the meaning of the "break up the tail money" the same.

Coffins are mostly pre-prepared, and people who are generally 50 years old are eligible for pre-made coffins. Coffin material to nanmu for the best, followed by cedar, the least for the pine, most of the coffins made of cedar, coffins are generally about 8 feet long, 1.6 feet wide (cover width of 1.8 feet), the height of the help of 1.05 feet, made of four boards, called "four a", six boards made of six a, "six a", "eight a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a", "six a". ", "eight boards" made of so-called "eight armor". The "Four A" is the best, the "Six A" is the second, the "Eight A" is the second, and the more boards are used to make it, the worse it is. The more boards used, the lower the quality. Leap years are often chosen for making coffins, "taking the meaning of increasing the sun and the moon." The son-in-law is responsible for the cost of making the coffin, and when the coffin is ready, the bridegroom has to make offerings to congratulate her. Most of the coffins should be painted vermillion color, especially in ancient times, there is a style of stopping the bier to be buried, coffins should be painted many times, even if the body is rotting, it will not leak out, commonly known as "gold lacquer coffins," and poor people are oil but not lacquer. The head of the coffin should be written with the characters "Fu" or "Shou", "Fu" for male coffins and "Shou" for female coffins. The coffin is then erected in the front hall or at home, and red paper or red cloth is pasted on it, commonly known as "ere Shou" or "ere Xi Shou". The coffin for men is erected on the left side, and the coffin for women is erected on the right side, not upside down. After that, can not be moved at will, and even more can not be opened. Into the coffin, has prepared a coffin in the family to put down the coffin with salt and rice sprinkled coffins, in order to prevent "in the brake". In some places such as southern Fujian, coffins are purchased on a temporary basis. Immediately after the death of a loved one, someone will be sent to the coffin store to buy, commonly known as "buy a big house", along the way when crossing the bridge or crossroads, must be put some paper money or put a piece of red cloth strips, commonly known as "put paper". Mourners must burn paper money at the entrance of the village or alley, kneeling to welcome the coffin into the house. Into the coffin, the coffin generally put some grass ash or medieval silver, shredded paper, charcoal and other things that can absorb water, and then lay a straw mat or sheet. Minnan area has "beg fire ash" and "put seven stars board" custom. "Begging for fire ash" means begging for wood ash from neighbors. Filial dependents at the door to welcome grass ash into the house, spread on the bottom of the coffin, the master of the mouth read the auspicious words: "a bucket into ten buckets, a stone into ten stones, rich and powerful, children and grandchildren can eat." Seven stars board is a piece of about 1 meter long, about 0.2 meters wide sheet, above the carving of the Big Dipper seven stars, seven stars inlaid with silver or copper plate, commonly known as "An ancient copper, generations of children and grandchildren in the Scholar," "An seven-star, children and grandchildren, millions of years of wealth and fortune". In the old days, the rich people must put the seven stars board at the bottom of the coffin. Southern Fujian region in the coffin before the "collection of Wu" (also known as collection of disaster) customs, that is, by the Taoist priest holding a peach branch, dipped in the "water" sprinkled indoors and outdoors, while spreading salt and rice, chopping the threshold with a kitchen knife, it is said that this move can be purged of bad luck, to ensure that the whole family is safe. In Xiamen, the master of the hand-held small incense burner, in the body around the circle of purification, in order to expel the devil, purity of the soul. Afterwards, the incense burner is carried around the coffin several times to purify the coffin of filth, and the mouth also reads the auspicious words: "purify the body of the children and grandchildren of the gold, purify the Alley children and grandchildren of the Wangwang rich."

Moving the body into the coffin by the eldest son to hold the head, the second son, son-in-law in turn to hold the waist, feet gently into the individual places with a hemp rope set the body into the coffin. Move the body into the coffin, must use umbrellas, hats and other rain cover the head of the body, said if the dead see the sky, the future will be haunted. The tears of the mourning family should not be dripped on the body. The location of the remains in the coffin also have rules, the common saying: "male top sky, female standing on the ground". That is, the male body's head should be against the top of the coffin, while the female body's feet should be against the bottom of the coffin. After placing the body, cover it with a water quilt and cover the face with a white cloth. It is rumored that this custom originated in the early Qing Dynasty, indicating that as a survivor of the Ming Dynasty, one would not have the face to see one's ancestors in the nine springs. In Zhangping, the "quilts" sent by friends and relatives to offer condolences should be put over the body one by one. The person in charge should sing to the deceased that a certain "quilt" is sent by someone, and when he sings about someone, he does not sing his name, but only his title. It is believed that singing the name of the deceased will take away the soul, to the netherworld as a companion. Coffin often put some burial goods, such as handkerchiefs, head comb, jade, paper money, papier-maché golden girls and so on, as well as the deceased's favorite small items, customs vary greatly from place to place. In Songxi, in addition to paper money in the coffin, also put a fire cage with charcoal, a little salt, a broom. In Daitian, there are fans and peach branches. In Wuping, the burial goods are usually fried rice, wheat, beans, notched clay pots and jars, and chopsticks chopped into small pieces, etc.

In Wuping, the burial goods are usually fried rice, wheat, beans, notched clay pots and jars, and chopsticks chopped into small pieces, etc.?

In southern Fujian, before the coffin should be held before the "cut lots" ceremony, that is, one end of the hemp or white yarn tied to the hands of the deceased, the other end of the filial piety family members and relatives and friends to hold a section of their own, and then the master of ceremonies recited the following words: "the living are still alive, the dead from the go. Life and death are different paths, cut off from here." At the same time, the hemp strand or white yarn section cut off, each person will then hand the section of hemp strand or white yarn wrapped in paper money after incineration, it is believed that this can be cut off from the dead souls, free from disturbances. Couple in a first death, another person to marry again or remarried, shall be in the coffin, holding an umbrella, carrying a bag, from the coffin jumped over, mouth read: "jumped over the coffin, walk through the tomatoes." It is rumored that this custom originated in the overseas Chinese who died in a foreign country, they are dying of nostalgia for the homeland, asked their relatives to attract the soul back to "Tangshan", indicating that this is going to the mountains and the water, it is difficult to see each other forever, that the souls will not come back to haunt them, you can be at ease to continue or remarried. In Tongan, lifting the body into the coffin, mourning family members kneeling below the coffin (coffin placed on two benches), in front of the hall put three straw mats. After entering the coffin. Filial dependents to the first straw mat kneeling 7, get up and lift the water was, then holding incense, take a cup of wine into the mouth of the deceased, cry three times, that people have indeed passed away. Then they retired to the second and third mats to kneel and worship. After that, other relatives kneel in turn. This custom is similar to the ancient "floss". East Fujian area has a "resignation coffin" custom, that is, after the coffin, the filial son will be a little sugar (or licorice soup) into the mouth of the deceased, and then poured a little wine into the meaning of wishing the dead in the netherworld to live a sweet day, and pray for the souls of the dead to bless the living happy life. In Fuzhou, the same number of offerings and chopsticks as the number of children and grandchildren of the deceased should be placed on the rice sieve, and the filial children and grandchildren should eat, which is commonly known as "eating dry rice".

Before the last, many places popular "tour of the coffin" custom, that is, the filial family arranged by relatives, holding incense and paper money, around the coffin a few laps, look at the remains. Around the coffin is mostly counterclockwise around three times, and then clockwise around three times. Some places only positive and negative each around a circle (Gutian), some places around the coffin up to more than a hundred laps (Yongchun 108 laps around the coffin, Anxi 120 laps around the coffin), and some places are in the cover of the coffin before the coffin (Longyan). In Xiapu, a torch is lit at each end of the coffin, which is held up by two people, and the filial son walks on his knees from one end of the coffin to the other, without going around the head of the coffin. In Zhangping, before covering the coffin, the "resignation of the world" is held, and the rituals are read out. The time for covering the coffin is mostly chosen by shamans, and in some places along the coast, it is customary to cover the coffin at the time of high tide. Covering the coffin or by the village in charge of the respected gentleman, or by specializing in funeral affairs for people (commonly known as earthworkers) is responsible for. When covering the coffin, the mourning family and bystanders are far away from the coffin, and it is taboo to reflect people's shadows into the coffin. It is believed that if the shadow of a living person is reflected in the coffin, the soul will be taken by the dead person, and the person will be mentally disturbed in the future. With the deceased zodiac sign of the person can not be present.

After covering the coffin, the nails are placed. In southern Fujian, the filial son holding a wooden plate, on top of an axe, kneeling to present the nail. First by the uncle symbolically in the four corners of the coffin, and then by the nail nail nail, nail while singing the auspicious sentence; "a point in the East A B wood, children and grandchildren generations of blessings and fortune; two points in the South C Ding fire, children and grandchildren generations of guys; three points in the West Geng Xin Jin, children and grandchildren generations of ten thousand gold; four points in the North Nongkai water, children and grandchildren generations of great wealth and fortune; five points in the center of the E has earth, children and grandchildren longevity such as Pang Zu. " Finally leave a loose nail, by the filial son or grandson of filial piety with the mouth to pull up the nail, spit in the wooden master, grains, copper money, incense in the bucket, meaning "out of Ding" ("nail" and "Ding"). The name "Nail" is synonymous with "Ding".) In Zhangping, if the mother dies, the nails are placed with the approval of the grandfather's family, and the filial son brings a plate with a hammer, four nails, a pair of candles, and a red envelope to the elders of the grandfather's family. When he picks up the red packet, he touches the hammer and the lid of the coffin with his hand, and then the coffin can be covered with nails. In Gutian, after the coffin is nailed, the township squire is asked to read out the sacrificial text, which says: "Sobbing Jing Pelte blood and said: the evil accumulation of the work, the disaster extends my father (mother). A disease exponentially baby, nine springs not rise. This is the time to cover the coffin, a thousand years has been carried out. Father (mother) that is, heaven and earth, why evil to this? Woo-hoo, woe to you!" ?

After the coffin is nailed, the mourning family will be the deceased's daily necessities (such as straw mats, headboards, foot lamps, old clothes) thrown into the wild, commonly known as "send foot tail" or "send grass". In the old days, the male died, must ask the patriarch to see the coffin; female died, must ask the grandfather to see the coffin. Otherwise, can not be in the coffin, commonly known as "male death is afraid of pro-tang (uncles), female death is afraid of foreign family (grandfather)". In particular, the grandfather's home to see the coffin is essential, slang and cloud: "dead father lift to bury, dead mother and so on to come." Therefore, "pick up the grandfather" custom is widespread in Fujian, and very respectful, especially in southern Fujian. At the same time of reporting the funeral to the ancestor's family, the funeral family must set up a joss stick in front of the door to prepare for the reception of the ancestor. When the grandfather's family comes (mostly maternal uncles), the mourning family kneels on the ground to greet them. After the grandfather's family finds out the cause of death, if it is a normal death, they will lift up a corner of the red cloth covering the incense case, offer incense and worship, and then turn around and pick up the filial son or daughter, and together they will go to the dead man's store to mourn. If the grandfather's family thinks that the filial son is usually ungrateful, he will be reprimanded in anger, or punched and kicked, and the filial son will be made to kneel there until he thinks that the punishment is enough. If it is a violent death (such as hanging, taking poison, etc.), the grandfather family often want to call to a group of people to come to the fight, light is smashed furniture and utensils, heavy is pickpocket to the roof, and even not allowed to coffin, burial, until the body stinks, commonly known as "eating people's lives". This custom is not common today, but still essential to pick up the grandfather. If the deceased's mother's family has no relatives, the village outside the sugar cane garden on behalf of the instrument, that is, digging a piece of sugar cane on behalf of the ancestors, commonly known as "sugar cane ancestor". In Zhenghe, the ancestors of the family mourners came, wearing mourning mourning family shall kneel in front of the incense case. When the mourners enter the village, they have to send out poems, the opening paragraph of which reads: "The copper drums are round and round in Shandong Province, and today they are playing to receive the ancestors. After receiving the ancestor's thousand years of hair, the thousand years of hair blessing ten thousand years of prosperity". The following four lines in each paragraph, respectively, singing candles, incense, firecrackers, dragon umbrella each paragraph, the last paragraph is: "Filial son and grandson of true filial piety, kneeling on the side of the road to pick up all the relatives, filial son and grandson of filial piety Qiqi up, go home to Fafu full of road Xing." If a filial son is usually unfilial, he should also be punished, such as kneeling, asking for merit, etc., and intentionally making him lose face and money, etc.?

-Hanging Condolences-?

Hanging is to express condolences for the deceased, condolences is to express condolences to the family of the deceased. The custom of condolence has been prevalent in Fujian since ancient times. Longyan, Daitian and other places called "visit life", Chong'an and other counties said condolences for the "worship bed", Shanghang County said condolences for the "see the coffin", Minnan region is also called "visit mourning". "Mourning". In Fuzhou and other places, mourners usually want to send couplets, incense and candles, sheets, fabrics, blankets and other items, commonly known as "send axis". There are also those who send money, commonly known as "Dien Yi". Mourners will be sent by relatives and friends sheets, blankets and other things hanging around the hearth, each piece of "shaft" were written on white paper, "so-and-so thousand years", "so-and-so condolences" and so on the note. The location of the "shaft" according to the relationship between relatives, generally in-laws or relatives of the "shaft" hanging in the middle of the hall or the highest place. In Xinghua, a married woman is required to prepare a quart of offerings, such as pig's head, rice noodles, golden broccoli and other delicacies, commonly known as "Pan Tan" to pay tribute. Condolences and offerings sent by the gifts must be sent before the funeral, not after the time to make up for the delivery, it is believed to make up for the delivery of a person will die again, it is very taboo. In towns, condolences when sending wreaths, couplets are also common.

In the old days, there is a bier to be buried habits, so from the funeral within forty-nine days can be condolences. Qing Qianlong years (1736 ~ 1796), some places will shorten the condolence time, in accordance with feudal etiquette, where the hangers, the son of the filial piety to bend down beside the hangers, hanging out of the place after the kowtow thank you, and must be lifted up to accompany the sobbing, so there is a "filial piety, head, stoned head," it is said. If the elders came to offer condolences, some places to welcome with drums and music. After the Republic of China, condolences in advance to the small coffin, general friends and relatives condolences line hat off three bow.

- Funeral -?

Funeral is commonly known as out of the mountain, the funeral, which will contain the coffin of the deceased to be sent to a pre-selected gravesite burial, and in ancient times there are "sent to death", "traces" and other different names. Fujian has always had the custom of burial, the funeral is especially important, it is not only regarded as the honor of the dead, but also as the living show. Therefore, in the old days, the rich and powerful people would spend a lot of material and financial resources, and compete with each other to increase the splendor; the poor people also had to try to follow suit, and even lost all their money as a result. According to the custom, the funeral ceremony is generally divided into the resignation of the spirit, the spirit of the start, carry the coffin, the road ceremony and other procedures.

Before the funeral to hold a memorial service, that is, the resignation of the spirit, Minnan called "coffin head sacrifice" or "Chai head". Zhi said: "the funeral with gifts to the casket, said Chai head." The coffin will be carried to the village entrance to the open space, set up an incense case, for three animals and other offerings, and set two green paper lamps, the name of the deceased's family name on the book, the head of the coffin towards the table, the tail towards the direction of the funeral, by the filial son of the presidency of the memorial service, so it is also known as the "filial son of the sacrifice". In Fuzhou, the night before the funeral set up a hall on the sacrifice, commonly known as "plus the hall", "crying sacrifice", family relatives to pay tribute to the family, filial piety around the coffin mournful crying, some people also invited the band to play music. In Changle, the resignation ceremony is presided over by the filial son, who sets up a sacrificial hall in the hall and kneels in front of the spiritual seat with 10 bowls of offerings one by one, and the left side of the offerings is for the outer relatives, and the right side is for the inner relatives. In Pingtan, resignation, relatives have come to incinerate paper money, commonly known as "send pangan". Xia Pu in eastern Fujian and other places, the resignation of the spirit is commonly known as the "horse sacrifice". Chi said: "the morning of the hearse, move the bier to the gate, covered with large red satin curtains, next to the gold embroidered eight immortals for the decorations, on the erection of a paper fairy across a crane. Offerings full of seats, filial piety male and the whole family kowtow laying, the mourners to the next salute, commonly known as the starting horse sacrifice." In Shunchang and other places, the resignation of the spirit of the funeral home by the first sacrifice, followed by grandparents, other relatives and friends according to affinity in order of sacrifice. In Changting, before the funeral, drummers lead the way, and the mourning family members hold cloth strips filled with written offerings sent by relatives and friends, and enter the ancestral hall in a row to offer some sacrifices. In Zhangping, the funeral is held before the parade of coffins, the ceremony is similar to that of Minnan, the difference is that one of the mourning family members is holding incense and the other is holding a pine torch. In Sanming, the resignation ceremony is also quite solemn, the ceremony is presided over by the ritual student, playing mournful music, incense, offering jewels, offerings, food, three kneeling and nine kowtow rituals, read the text of the sacrifice. Sacrifice according to different relatives called to express praise for the deceased's merits and virtues, and prayed for its spirit in heaven to bless the family prosperity, as well as consoling the deceased do not worry about not grumble, and always rest in peace. In Longyan, after the resignation of the spirit of private posthumous, male more than by the patriarch to give posthumous, female more than by the grandfather family to give posthumous. The casket is mostly carried by people, fewer than 4 people, usually 8 people, more than 16 people, 32 people. Individual places where transportation is convenient to put the coffin on the car, by filial piety and relatives and friends to hold. The coffin bearer is commonly known as the coffin man, mostly by the village married male surnames as the funeral home to be distributed to each person a red envelope as remuneration. In Fuzhou, the coffin bearer must have both parents alive and have a full set of children. In Daitian, the casket bearers are young men of the same clan who take turns to be the casket bearers. In Putian and Xianyou, the funeral family gives straw shoes and a pack of cigarettes to whoever is the coffin bearer, and no one is allowed to push the coffin bearer. In the Quanzhou area, the coffin bearers are invited to a banquet before the funeral, and the mourning men have to kneel down and bow to them to thank them during the banquet. In Zhenghe, when a person dies, the coffin is not carried by a person but by a filial son, a filial grandson and a son-in-law, etc., to show respect. There are quite a lot of rules when starting the spirit. In Xiamen and Tong'an, the coffin is fixed with a big rope under the "Dulongqiuan", and covered with a delicate coffin cover, commonly known as "strangling the dragon". When the coffin is lifted, the coffin-maker will use the coffin rope to vigorously fling it three times towards the coffin, which is commonly known as telling the deceased to start the coffin, but in fact it is a reminder to the grieving relatives not to pull on the coffin and not to let go of it. In fact, it reminds the grieving relatives not to pull on the coffin and not to let it go. When the coffin is opened, the head of the coffin is facing the direction of the funeral, except for a few places. In Anxi, after the ritual student grabs a handful of salt and rice and sprinkles it on the coffin, the coffin bearers roar "up" before lifting the coffin. In Xiapu, Anxi and other places, when the coffin is carried out from the hall, it is taboo for the coffin to touch the door and wall and other objects, which is said to be haunted, and the coffin-maker has to take off his straw shoes and rub them on the place where the coffin has touched in order to avoid the ghosts.

In most places, the funeral procession is quite grand, and the order of the procession is also quite elaborate, not only in different dialect areas, but also in different counties, cities, and even villages in the same dialect area. In the outskirts of Fuzhou, the funeral, shall be fired to send off, flag hanging scrolls to lead the way, sounding the gong to open the way. There is a papier-maché road-opening deity in front of the funeral hall, and a photo or portrait of the deceased is placed in the pavilion, while those without photos use papier-maché images instead. The hanging scroll refers to the colorful flags and white hanging scrolls, the colorful flags are divided into white, blue and red, the number of white colorful flags is equal to the number of filial sons and grandsons, the number of orchid colorful flags is equal to the number of filial daughters and granddaughters, and the number of red colorful flags is equal to the number of daughters-in-law and daughters who got married. Some places are two "high light" and two idols as a guide, "high light" that is, a large lantern, written on the name of the deceased's family name and five generations of the same family and other words. Statue made of paper, up to several feet high, commonly known as the "open road God. Followed by the band and holding embroidered tigers, leopards, lions, elephants and other animals, "Sangban" team, followed by two children to carry the spirit sedan chair, built-in statues or tablets, the soul of silk. The sedan chair is accompanied by a small band, and the music is incessant. After the palanquin, in order of burial guests and friends, the coffin, the mourning team, twenty-four filial piety cards, filial piety family, clan relatives, and finally, the pick Hi rice and "a hundred sons and a thousand grandchildren" lanterns of the crowd, filial piety of a few men, will pick a few quintals. In the funeral procession, there must be someone who specializes in scattering paper money and setting off firecrackers. Funeral ceremonies in Changle County are relatively grand in the Fuzhou dialect area. The funeral procession is followed by the sedan chair, the band, the coffin, the mourning family members and the guests and friends, and finally the crowd carrying rice, rice dumplings and other offerings. Poor people do not pay so much attention to the ceremony, thin coffins after the coffin that is buried, called "up on the horse," the funeral rituals from simple.

In Quanzhou, southern Fujian, funeral ceremonies to open the way for the God as a guide, followed by horizontal color, red and white each side, the funeral, white horizontal color in front; return to the Yu, red horizontal color in front of the book "so-and-so funeral ceremony", with two bamboo poles. Followed by filial piety lamps, auspicious lamps each one, written on the "three generations of the great father" "three generations of the great mother", such as great-grandchildren are "five generations of the great father" or "five generations of the great mother "(generally increased by one generation). The mourning lamp is in front of the funeral. Then, in turn, is a large drumming band, inscribed flags (presented by the son-in-law, son-in-law, written on the name of the deceased, official title, etc.), drums and music Shiyin cymbals and drums, the soul of the sedan chair (* * * two tops, a top put the deceased statue, a top to put the soul of the deceased main), friends and relatives of the funeral procession, the casket, filial piety family, and finally the drumming band. There is a coffin cover on the casket, and in front of the casket cover there is a paper dragon head, from which two strips of white cloth are pulled out, commonly known as "dragon whiskers". The two elders in the mourning family each pull a piece of cloth, commonly known as "pulling the dragon's beard", "dragon's beard" in front of the nieces-in-law and grandnephews-in-law, commonly known as the "dragon's eye". The casket is also pulled behind two long white cloth, pulled by filial piety and friends and relatives, commonly known as "stay", to show regret and sadness. In Jinjiang, a person gong first, a person along the way pressure paper money, and a person gong as a guide, in turn, the flag, monks and Taoist guide souls, God's Lord Pavilion, the soul of the sedan chair, the casket, the mourning family and funeral guests and friends of relatives. In the middle of the procession, there is a scroll, wreaths, bands, stilts, lion dancers, chest beaters, and in the old days, there are circus, loading the cabinet and so on. In Anxi, the procession is led by torches, with a few filial men holding up a few fires to light the way for the deceased to the nine springs. After that, there are monks and Taoist priests to guide the soul, the casket, the mourning family and the funeral guests and relatives. Of course, in the funeral procession, there are the sedan chair, the axle and the band. In Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, son-in-laws carry lamps, umbrellas and paper money, followed by streamers, colorful flags, gongs and drums, eight sounds, couplets, flags, soul sedan chairs, coffins, filial piety, and funeral guests and relatives.

In Ninghua, western Fujian, funeral ceremonies to drums and music, the flag as a guide, paper offerings and physical offerings, sedan chair, funeral relatives and friends of the front, son-in-law, grandson, each wearing a white hat, yellow belt around the waist, the relatives of the yellow hat, yellow belt around the waist, the order of the march; the back is wearing mourning, waist wrapped in linen, hemp, foot wearing grass shoes, bier and the mourning family. In Taining, the funeral procession was stopped in the middle with two white cloth, slowly, before the white color to open the way, followed by the high light, the inscription flag, couplets, soul shafts, soul sedan chair, casket, filial piety and funeral guests and friends. In Yongan County, the old funeral procession in and out of the city door to choose the east or west door, the rumor is that "the east is rich, the west is rich, the south is poor and the north is closed". There is also the so-called "take on" rules, that is, when the funeral, to go against the flow of water direction of the road, it is believed that this fortune will not recede with the flow of water and decline. In Daitian, the funeral procession is led by kerosene lamps, and if the coffin is transported in a car, when getting on and off the car, the relatives often have to shout, "Father (mother) with us!" When they arrive at the cemetery, they should also shout, "Father (mother) relatives have arrived!" In Liancheng, the funeral procession is led by lanterns and torches, followed by gongs and drums, deacons, palanquins, coffins, mourning families and funeral processions. In Zhangping, those who scatter paper money and set off firecrackers are in the front, followed by white lanterns, soul booths and flags, drummers and white tents (or wreaths), and filial piety families, funeral relatives and friends are in the rear. In northern Fujian, funeral ceremonies are also quite grand. Jianyang area, the funeral ceremony is generally high light in the lead, the gong to open the way, suona followed. Then, in turn, is the god of the road, flags, flags, golden girls and boys statues, screen, white hanging scrolls, offerings, jade tripods, flowers, incense pavilions, coffins, bands, and finally the filial relatives and funeral relatives and friends. In Shaowu, the filial grandson holding the statue walks at the front of the procession, followed by filial lamps, soul streamers, drummers, couplets, inscribed flags, incense booths, soul sedan chair, hearse, the filial son of the filial piety war with the hearse after the daughter-in-law in a bamboo sedan chair trailing.

In eastern Fujian, funeral ceremonies are also very pompous. Zhi said: "the rich and powerful people in mourning more to paper tie a statue of God, about two or three feet high, gold-faced Zhuyi Xuanzhang, hand Go Yin as a precursor, commonly known as the open road God, and guide to the lamps Apia, colorful flags to pay for all the ceremonies. Those who have the title of the full list of titles, followed by Yan Ting, incense pavilion, grant pavilion, the size of the drums and drums and foreign horns, etc., between the monks to the cymbals and the. The relatives of the period of merit are respectively holding soul streamers and flags, and the guests and friends follow with the rope, extending for more than a few miles. At the end of a soul sedan chair, the filial son to support the bier and travel, dozens of female family members to take the vegetative carriage to cry and send, commonly known as the white sedan chair. Although the cost of this ritual is huge, the common people do not think it is too much." ? Putuxian area (especially the mountainous areas) of the funeral is more simple, neither firecrackers, there is no band drumming. Funeral procession to "grass dragon" as a guide, "grass dragon" that is bundled into a dragon with straw, burn its end, so that it smokes. Immediately after that is scattered paper money, casket, filial piety and funeral relatives and friends, along the way in silence, can not clamor, the entire funeral solemn. With other counties and cities are very different.

Many places in Fujian have "road sacrifice" (also known as halfway festival, roadblock festival) custom, that is, relatives or benefited from the deceased, in order to thank the kindness of its pre-birth special on the way to the funeral for incense offerings sacrifices. Zhi said: "pro-guests set up tent in Guowai roadside, stopping the bier and laying on the way." When the bier arrives, the bier must stop to be sacrificed, and the mourning family kneels to accompany the sacrifice, and white cloth and so on as a thank you. In Fuzhou, there is a fixed order for the road sacrifice, first son-in-law, second filial daughter, and then relatives and old friends, and the number of road sacrifices can only be singular. In Shaowu, the road ceremony is performed on the way back to the dragon after the burial. On the way to the funeral, the casket can not be placed on the ground, coffins if the rest or meet the road festival, can only put the coffin on two benches, or with the upper end of the wooden stick with a yam to support, coffins taboo said very heavy, the belief that otherwise it will be heavier and heavier, the funeral procession even if you go the wrong way, can not turn back, avoid repeating the route, can only be around the far side of the road. In some places, when the casket passes through certain villages by a small road, the drums should be stopped and the music should be stopped, and the mourning family members should take off their mourning hats and salute each other. Most of the guests, friends and clansmen in the funeral procession are only sent to the entrance of the village, that is, to return. The funeral family should give each mourner a small gift, such as a few coins wrapped in red paper, red ribbons, handkerchiefs, etc., for good luck. The female members of the funeral family do not go up the mountain, halfway back. Burial to the mountains of the relatives of guests and friends should also give "red packets" and other gifts, in the political and each person divided into matches (also divided into sugar, divided into light cake), meaning "developed" ("hair" and "paddle" homophonic).