Yi culture

Yi people can sing and dance well. Yi people have various traditional tunes, such as climbing mountains, entering doors, welcoming guests, eating wine, getting married and mourning. Some tunes have fixed words, some don't, and they are all improvisations. Folk songs are divided into male and female voices, and local folk songs have their own unique styles. Yi musical instruments include Hulusheng, Mabu, Bawu, Kouxian, Yueqin, flute, Sanxian, chime, bronze drum and Daping drum. Yi dance also has its own characteristics, which can be divided into two types: group dance and solo dance, and most of them are group dances, such as "dancing songs", "dancing music", "dancing on the moon", "singing and dancing" and "pot dance". Cheerful movements and strong sense of rhythm are usually accompanied by flute, Qin Yue and Sanxian.

Yi people: a nation that can sing and dance well.

Liangshan is the hometown of singing and dancing, and Yi people are good at singing and dancing.

Liangshan Yi people's music is simple in style and varied, with distinctive and rich national characteristics. Folk songs in folk music are closely related to folk literature, and there are many well-known lyric poems, such as Amonilag, Ayi Ajia, Ajia Niu and Axi Niu Niu. They are all sung in the form of songs. In addition to narrative songs, there are songs sung at marriage, such as Hitting People, songs sung during Torch Festival, such as Living Alone, and songs sung at work, such as Plowing the Fields and Pastoral. In addition, there are folk songs, such as Butuo Goldman Sachs folk songs and children's songs.

The style of Yi folk songs varies from region to region. The folk songs in the south of Liangshan are loud and exciting, the folk songs in the central and western regions are soft and beautiful, and the folk songs in the eastern Enoch region are simple and simple. In the past, Yi folk songs generally gave people a feeling of depression, but their simple and beautiful national and regional charm was very distinct. Folk instrumental music is not for accompaniment, but for independent development and its own system. Remarkably, it shows a huge historical time and space span. Common ones are Kouxian, Qin Yue, Mabu, Hulusheng, Huqin, Xiao Yi, clarinet and suona. In addition, playing wood leaves, that is, playing music with a leaf, is also a popular folk music of the Yi people. Kouxian and Qin Yue are very common. Almost all women, old and young, have a pair of Kouxian hanging in front of their lapels and can play at any time. Kouxian is a unique and simple musical instrument, which consists of several thin reeds about seven or eight centimeters long, including bamboo and copper, ranging from two to five or six. The timbre of bamboo is deep and deep. The timbre of copper is crisp and beautiful. When playing, move the porn with your fingers and change the timbre with the voice of your mouth. In addition to the local sound, the reed also emits a very beautiful overtone, which constitutes the broad tone of music. Yueqin is mostly loved by young and middle-aged men, among whom there are many excellent folk Yueqin performers. In 1950s, Masha Wuzhi, a Yi girl from Liangshan, played the yueqin at the World Youth Students' Party and was warmly praised.

Folk dances of Liangshan Yi people are often inseparable from singing and instrumental music. Folk dances, such as Zi Qiao Dance, Bao Gu Dance, Weaving Felt Dance, etc. , are produced in productive labor, mostly simulating labor movement, showing the production process. The other is the common dances at festivals or weddings, such as Pot Field Dance, Fire Dance, Opposite Foot Dance, Felt Dance and Reed Dance. Some people show diligence in agriculture and animal husbandry. The joy of harvest, some show the courage to fight and the pursuit of love.

Yi folk music has three color zones: Liangshan in Sichuan and Liangshan in Ninglang, Yunnan, south-central and northern Yunnan, Liupanshui and Bijie in Guizhou. The folk songs of Liangshan Yi people are called "Ya" or "Ya He", which are sung in falsetto or in a low voice alone, and the modes often alternate or wander. Because the local productivity is low and the people's life is very poor, there are many folk songs of "Sa Zhuhe" (complaining songs) to talk about their miserable life and yearning for freedom. In addition, the narrative songs of Liangshan Yi people, the "wedding songs" in the wedding ceremony and the "ancient Zhu He" (love songs) with "Aranniu" as the unique first sentence are also very representative. Among them, Amauri Ri, which means "Mother's Daughter", and the historical epic Le Aoteyi are also masterpieces in Yi folk literature.

The Yi branch in Yunnan is very complicated, and their music has its own characteristics. The "four-cavity" (seaweed cavity, yam cavity, Wushan cavity and four-cavity) circulating in Honghe area is a large-scale multi-segment divertimento deeply loved by local people, and most of them are sung by men and women in communication activities such as "eating fire and smoking". Its lyrics are written in Chinese, which is very long, complicated in structure and diverse in singing forms, which is also very rare in China folk songs. Among them, Haicaiqiang has a long history, beautiful melody and unique singing style, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. In 2006, it was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage protection object. Guizhou Yi folk songs have various forms and rich regional characteristics. According to the classification concept of big and small, folk songs are often divided into two categories: those sung on the mountain and those sung at home. The former mainly includes "Qugu", which is duet or solo in a song meeting according to a certain procedure, and "Tucha", which sings Yi songs in Chinese. The latter includes "Curse", "Rub Fruit" and "Lu Guopu" sung by bridesmaids in all aspects of the wedding.