Characteristics of Qilu Culture

The Basic Spirit of Qilu Culture The cohesion and vitality of Qilu culture, which has played an important role in traditional Chinese culture, comes from its basic spirit. The basic spirit of Qilu culture is summarized as follows: the robust spirit of self-improvement, the patriotic spirit of respect for integrity, the world-saving spirit of the world, the dynamic spirit of man's determination to win over the heavens, the people-oriented spirit of the people's nobility and the ruler's lightness of being, the humane spirit of virtue and benevolence, the selfless spirit of the community, and the diligent and wise spirit of creativity. All these play an important role in the formation of the excellent traditional spirit of our nation. Temperament means ambition and integrity, which refers to the quality of insisting on justice and truth, and preferring to die rather than yielding to evil. Among the temperaments, national temperament is the most important. National integrity is the moral foundation of patriotism, which takes safeguarding the interests of the nation and the state as the highest principle, and manifests the indomitable spirit of struggle and a strong sense of concern for the nation and the people. In this regard, the Qilu sons are *** with the same characteristics, is that they *** with the casting of the Qilu culture still temperament of patriotic spirit, but the most prominent or Confucianism. Son has "three armies can take command also, the people can not take the will also" ("Analects, Zihan") of the famous words, Mencius has "rich and noble can not be obscene. Mengzi's famous words: "Wealth and wealth cannot be obscene, poverty cannot be shifted, and might and power cannot be subdued" ("Mengzi: Gongsun Chou"). Kong and Yu were true to their words. Confucius traveled around the world, hitting walls everywhere, being poor in Song, trapped in Zheng, and uh, between Chen and Cai. "In Chen, the food was gone, the followers were sick, and no one could rise. Zi Lu huffed and said: 'gentleman also have poor?' Zi said: 'The gentleman is poor, the villain is poor and abusive.''' (The Analects of Confucius? Wei Ling Gong"), and continued to play the qin and sing. In front of ***, Kong Gan showed a fearless spirit, such as 500 BC, Qi Lu Jie Gu's meeting. In the name of presenting dance and music, Li-Yi, an official of Qi, tried to abduct the ruler of Lu (Duke Ding). In the nick of time, Confucius "climbed up the steps, not all of them were equal, and raised his arms to speak", and rebuked the officials of the Qi state, thwarted the conspiracy of the Qi people, defended the safety of the ruler of Lu, and safeguarded the dignity of the state of Lu. (See "Historical Records, Confucius Family") In front of the truth, Confucius was "never tired of learning", "keen to do". He founded a private school to teach his students, organized his cultural heritage, created an ideology and culture, and made an indelible contribution to the construction of our national culture. Confucius is a great national hero, whose thoughts always shine with the light of patriotism. Mencius, on the other hand, was good at cultivating his "righteousness", filling heaven and earth with his spirit, promoting his kingly doctrine, and taking the governance of the world as his own responsibility, putting forward the idea of "being happy with the world, and worrying about the world" ("Meng Zi"). He made it his duty to govern the world, advocating "to be happy with the world and to worry about the world" (Mengzi? Liang Huiwu Xia), and sacrificing his life for the pursuit of truth and the defense of justice. Guan Zhong has been a controversial figure since ancient times. He and Zhaohu assisted Gongzi Qiang, Gongzi Qiang died after the death of Zhaohu, Guanzhong did not die, but served his enemy Gongzi Xiaobai, also known as Duke Huan of Qi. Therefore, some people criticized him. Confucius' students Zi Lu and Zi Gong raised the question, "Is Guan Zhong not benevolent?" and Zigong, students of Confucius, asked Guanzhong, "Is he not a benevolent man? Confucius recognized Guanzhong's benevolence and said, "As benevolent as his benevolence! As benevolent as he is!" He also said, "Guanzhong was a minister to Duke Huan, dominated the lords and ruled the world, and the people have been blessed by him so far. The micro pipe Zhong, my hair is old-fashioned obeisance. Is it not as if the pi man pi is understanding also, since the passage in the ditch and no one knows also." (The Analects of Confucius? Xianqian") Guanzhong himself explained this matter, not to die in the difficulties of the Duke Corrections, because he was "not ashamed of a small section but ashamed of the fame and reputation of the world also." (Shiji? Guan Yan Liezhuan") Guan Zhong's "fame" is linked to the rule of the world. This is the big picture, the greatness of the nation-state, compared to the death of one man, the master of one name. Confucius' approval of him with benevolence is precisely an affirmation of this great virtue of his. Therefore, Guanzhong's patriotism is deep, and cannot be understood by people who generally have the thought of loyalty to the ruler and the master. Other Qilu sons and their ideas also show different forms of different degrees of patriotic action and patriotic spirit. Cao Yu self-nominated, led the troops to defeat Qi, the defense of Lu, Sun Bin used the troops to defeat Wei in Guiling, Maling, defended Qi, Xinling Jun steal the talisman to save Zhao, both save Zhao, but also strong Wei, these are a type of patriotic action. Lu Zhonglian righteousness is not emperor Qin, with three inches of tongue to solve the siege of Chu Nanyang, Zhao retreat to the army of Gao Tang, but invaded the city of Liaocheng Yan 100,000 people, Chunyi Kun, "a number of vassals, have not tasted humiliation"; Zigong mission, not to humiliate the king's orders, and have "an out and save Lu, Wu, weak Qi, strong Jin and domination of the Yue! "The miracle; Yenzi long rhetoric, good at people, so that Chu tongue fight group of enemies, increasing the prestige of Qi, Mozi day and night to run around to eliminate the war and other diplomatic activities, but also a patriotic type. Mr. Jixi "wrote books on matters of governance and chaos to help the ruler of the world" ("Records of the Grand Historian"). Mencius Xunqing Liezhuan"), and the creation of cultural ideas is another type of patriotic manifestation. Confucius, Mencius, Mr. Mo Jixi, etc. are running education, educating talents, spreading science ...... >>

What are the characteristics of the natural geographic environment of the formation of Qilu culture Qilu culture, to be precise, Qilu culture is the collective name of Qi culture and Lu culture, Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, produced Confucianism represented by Confucius as a doctrine of thought, while the east of the coastal Qi absorbed the local indigenous culture (Dongyi culture) and developed. There are differences between the two ancient cultures. Comparatively speaking, the Qi culture is utilitarian, while the Lu culture emphasizes ethics; the Qi culture emphasizes innovation, while the Lu culture respects tradition. The two cultures have gradually and organically merged together in the course of development, forming the Qi-Lu culture with rich historical connotations.

Briefly describe the main features of the Qilu tourism culture area As a unique survival pattern of people living in the Qilu land and its expression of Qilu culture, belonging to the traditional Chinese culture or the orthodox school. The humanistic vision presented by Shandong tourism is the tour of Chinese orthodox culture. This paper is based on the general understanding of cultural tourism, from the cultural relics and monuments, folk customs, art and culture of the three levels of Qilu culture in Shandong Tourism, the dense and the significance of the birth of a brief description.

Keywords: Qilu culture, Shandong folklore, cultural tourism

Author: Cheng Yong, male, postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Humanities, Zhejiang University, Associate Professor at the College of Letters, Qufu Normal University

Shandong was originally a regional name, but from the Han Dynasty onwards, it was used to refer to the land of Qilu, and formally transformed into an independent political name, but it is the case that the Jin Dynasty later. In the Ming Dynasty, Shandong Province was set up as the Chief Secretary of Shandong Province, and in the Qing Dynasty it was renamed Shandong Province, which was then fixed. The reason why this vast area is called the State of Qilu is that it was historically divided between the two countries. Shandong Province not only has the natural beauty of the sea and the lake and the mountains, but also because of the Qilu culture is rich *** cultural tourism resources. The so-called Qilu culture is different from the culture of the Central Plains, Qin and Jin cultures, Yan and Zhao cultures, Wu and Yue cultures, Jing and Chu cultures, Ba Shu culture of the independent regional cultural system, that is, the people living in the land of Shandong's unique living style and its expression. Like other cultural systems, Qilu culture is also a developing concept, with both horizontal geographical expansion and vertical historical evolution. If we take the Qilu and Qilu Fangguo cultures in the pre-Qin period as a yardstick, we can generalize the Shandong regional culture through the ancient and modern times into the pre-Qilu Fangguo culture, Qilu Fangguo culture and post-Qilu Fangguo culture, which has its own spiritual temperament passed down from one lineage to the next. If according to Mr. Yang Xiangkui said: in Chinese history, Qilu culture, is also the orthodox school of Chinese traditional culture, Shandong tourism presents the humanistic vision is also the tour of China's orthodox culture. The following is based on the general understanding of cultural tourism, from the cultural relics, folk customs, art and culture at three levels on the Qilu culture in Shandong Tourism, the dense and the significance of the birth of a brief description.

A

As the condensation of a particular cultural spirit, carrier and symbol, full of historical vicissitudes of cultural relics and monuments constitute the basic level of cultural tourism. In the vast area of Shandong, cultural relics, ruins, historical sites and ancient buildings are scattered everywhere, showing the spirit of Qilu culture, historical process and brilliant achievements, thus becoming the destination of China's cultural tourism.

The Qilu culture can be traced back to the Yiyuan Ape Man, who lived at the same time as the Peking Man 400,000 to 500,000 years ago, and has formed a complete prehistoric culture genealogy from the Yishu Paleolithic culture to the Yue Shi culture, which is rare in China, with ancient cultural sites all over the country. The archaeological excavations since the 1980s have shown us the splendor of this ancient culture. A large number of ancient human fossils, Paleolithic tools, fine stone tools, and bronze cultural relics tell us the course of history in silence, and the exquisite and breathtaking pottery, stone tools and jade tools of the late Dawenkou culture - Longshan culture period, as well as the first invention of the writing and ramming technology, all indicate the wisdom of the people of Shandong in the ancient times. The wisdom of the Shandong people in ancient times has influenced the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the Jianghan River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Liaodong, Jibei, and even the northern part of Guangdong Province. In Shandong, there are even legendary ancient tribes, mainly in two systems. One is the descendants of the legendary Huangdi, Yandi and Zhuanxu emperors living in the southeast and southwest of Shandong, constituting the Zhuxia tribe, and the other is the Dongyi tribe, which is the descendants of Tai (also known as the Fuxi clan) and Shao (also known as Shao Hao). Legend has it that Shun was born in Zhucheng, Gaotao was born in Qufu, and Dayu's water-control activities were mainly centered in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in Shandong. Imagination and remembrance of these ancient legendary tribal leaders, heroes and saints are not only y rooted in the conceptual layer of Qilu culture, giving rise to many folk festivals and ceremonies, but their material manifestation also constitutes one of the themes of Shandong's tourism, and Qilu's scenery is thus imbued with a sacred aura. Today, wandering in museums, walking on cultural sites, listening to the historical pulse conveyed by those artifacts, we seem to be able to transcend the barrier of time and space, and get to meet the ancient figures of the Chinese nation. If you go to Jinan Thousand Buddha Mountain to visit the Shun Wang Temple, to the east of Qufu City to visit the Shaohao Mausoleum, to recall the past, based on the Chinese national imaginary identity of the root of the sense of existence will also come into being.

In the 11th century BC, the King of Zhou, in order to control the old part of Yin and Shang Dynasty, sealed Taigongwang in Yingqiu, and established the state of Qi, with Linzi as the center, and its jurisdiction includes the east of present-day Lu, the middle of Lu, the north of Lu, and the west of Lu; and the seal of Zhou Gongdan in the birthplace of the Yin people in the city of Amu, and the establishment of the state of Lu, with Qufu as the center, and its jurisdiction includes the present-day areas of Tai'an, Xintai, Surabaya, and Yanzhou. The two countries were bounded by Mount Tai, which made them different in geography and customs. Therefore, although both countries are based on the Eastern barbarian culture ...... >>

Combined with the material, analyze what is the significance of Qilu culture to go out ① Using their own advantages, highlighting the characteristics of the local culture, and researching and formulating the overall development plan of the city is to study the particularity of the contradiction and adhere to the specific analysis of specific problems. (2 points)

② focus on creating a "cultural special economic zone", focus on the construction of Confucius and Confucianism research and dissemination system, is to focus on grasping the main contradictions, adhere to the key theory. (2 points)

③ construction of cultural industry demonstration parks, summarize and promote the typical experience, is the contradiction of universality and specificity combined, adhere to the unity of **** and individuality of specific history. (2 points)

Qilu culture includes which places Qi culture mainly refers to the culture of Qi in the pre-Qin period. Qi culture was founded in Jiang Taigong (Jiang Shang), passed to Guanzhong and formed a system, which was later further developed by Jixi Qi legalists. The geographical characteristics of Qi provided the objective conditions for the formation and development of Qi culture; the economic diversity of the country and the development of the commercial economy, which contributed to

The origin of the culture of Shandong Province What are the main cultural characteristics of Shandong, named for the east of the Taihang Mountains, referred to as "Lu", the capital of the province of Jinan. During the pre-Qin period, it belonged to the state of Qi and the state of Lu, so it was also known as Qilu. Shandong is located on the coast of East China, in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and in the north-central section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and is the northernmost province in East China. Western connection inland, from north to south respectively, and Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu provinces border; central high protruding, Mount Tai is the highest point of the whole territory; Shandong Peninsula in the east into the Yellow Sea, north of the Bohai Strait and Liaodong Peninsula relative to the Beijing-Tianjin and the Bohai Bay, the east of the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula, the southeast of the Yellow Sea is near the wider, looking at the East China Sea and the southern islands of Japan.

Qilu culture is the pre-Qin period of Qilu country land against the present Shandong formed and developed a regional culture, including Taoist culture, military culture, legal culture, Mohist culture, as well as yin and yang, Zongheng and Heng, the square art, criminal, name, agriculture, medicine and so on. The most central of these is the Confucian culture. According to contemporary writer Tian Maoquan, after entering the Qin and Han Dynasties, Qilu culture gradually evolved from a regional culture to an official and mainstream culture. The origin of Qilu culture should be traced back to the development of the Dongyi tribe, an ancient people who inhabited the land of Qilu 5,000 years ago. This ethnic group was proud of Hou Yi and Da Shun in the legend. Since the 20th century, a large number of prehistoric archaeological excavations and thousands of sites have proved that this was a people with an early developed culture and a high degree of civilization. On the land of Qilu, there not only exists a cultural genealogy from the Houli Culture of 8,000 years ago to the Beixin and Dawenkou Cultures, and then to the Longshan Culture to the Yakeshi Culture of about 4,000 years ago which is both inherited and relatively independent in the evolution of cultural traditions, but also numerous castle ruins of about 5,000 years ago and pictorial characters and pottery texts marking the high degree of civilization development as well as the production of A large number of exquisite eggshell black pottery and various kinds of handmade jewelry were also produced. During the Warring States period, Confucianism had practically taken over the states of Lu and Qi, realizing the Qiluization of Confucianism. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dong Zhongshu absorbed the new ideas of Qi and Lu, and formed a new Confucianism system, which was recognized by the ruling class, and Confucianism has since developed from "the study of Qi and Lu" to "exclusive Confucianism".

Lu Cuisine is an important part of China's food culture, one of the eight major Chinese cuisines, known for its fresh, salty, crispy and tender taste, unique flavor, and fine production at home and abroad. The province has great geographical differences, thus forming three major systems, namely the coastal Jiaodong Cuisine, the inland Jinan Cuisine and the self-contained Kongfu Cuisine. After the Song Dynasty, it became one of the representatives of "Northern Food". From Qilu to Jinggi, from Guan'an to Guanwai, the influence has reached the Yellow River Basin and Northeast China, and it has a broad base of dietary masses. Lu cuisine is one of the most extensive coverage of local flavors in China, covering Beijing, Tianjin, Tang and the northeastern provinces.

Shandong is one of the earlier regions of China with theater activities. The Sui Dynasty Qi chants were famous throughout the country, and by the Tang Dynasty the senatorial theater was popular in Shandong. It can be said that the long popular song and dance theater, haiku activities, is an important process essential to the development of opera breeding.