Silk Road is an art road because what

Ancient China through Central Asia to South Asia, West Asia, as well as Europe, North Africa's land trade corridor. Because a large number of Chinese silk and silk fabrics are mostly transported westward through this road, it is called the Silk Road, or Silk Road for short. The name Silk Road was first proposed by the German geographer F.P.W.von Richthofen in his book "China" published in 1877. It originally referred to the transportation route between China and the river regions of Central Asia as well as India during the Two Han Dynasty, which was dominated by the silk trade. Subsequently, the German historian A. Hermann extended the Silk Road to the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea and Asia Minor, defining the basic connotation of the Silk Road.

Colonial History The Silk Road existed at a very early stage. In the ancient world, only China was a country that grew mulberry, raised silkworms and produced silk fabrics. Archaeological data have fully proved that since the Shang, Zhou to the Warring States period, silk production technology has developed to a fairly high level. At that time, China's silk by the hands of the Northwest peoples of a small number of transshipment to Central Asia, India. In 60 B.C., the Han Dynasty set up the Western Regions Defense, the Tuantian in Wubicheng (present-day Xinjiang Luntai East), to protect the Western Regions passageway. As early as since Zhang Qian west to the Wusun alliance, Han emissaries, merchants will be followed by westward. So far, the Silk Road is more open, a large number of silk and embroidery along this road constantly westward transportation, while the Western countries of the rare and exotic goods are also imported into China. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the east and west commercial exchanges, located in the Silk Road throat of Dunhuang, is one of the gathering place of Hu merchants. 5 ~ 6 century, the North and South Dynasties were separated, but along the Silk Road East-West exchanges but further prosperity. Soon after the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, envoys were sent to the Western Regions, and later the tribute envoys and merchants from Central Asian countries were often gathered in Pingcheng (the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, northeast of Datong, Shanxi Province, today). After moving the capital to Luoyang, Luoyang has become a place where merchants from different countries gather, and the capital of Northern Qi also gathered a lot of businessmen. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty sent Pei Lu, the minister of the Yellow Gate, to Zhangye to recruit merchants from the western regions, indicating the prosperity of the Silk Road at that time. The western part of the Tang Dynasty exceeded the Han Dynasty, and prefectures identical to those in the interior were established in Yizhou, Xizhou, and Tingzhou. The four towns of Anxi (later replaced by Yanqi) were set up in Guzi, ütian, Shule, and Shanye to be garrisoned and defended under the jurisdiction of the Anxi Prefecture. Later, the Beiting Prefecture was set up to govern the tie-up prefectures on the north road of Tianshan Mountain, which provided a more reliable guarantee for the smooth flow of the Silk Road. Therefore, Chang'an, Luoyang and other important cities in the Tang Dynasty had a large number of merchant hu, presenting the appearance of a cosmopolitan city. From the end of the 9th century to the 11th century, due to the transfer of China's political, economic and cultural centers to the southeast coast, and the rise of the Arab world, the east-west maritime exchanges gradually became more frequent; at the same time, the division and antagonism of the ethnic regimes in the northwest of China made it difficult to guarantee the security on the Silk Road, which reduced the importance of this land passage. In the Mongol Yuan period, due to Mongolia's western conquest and the direct rule of Central Asia, West Asia's vast areas, so that the east and west post road is smooth, many European emissaries, clergy and merchants, are along this road east to China, the silk road and prosperity for a while. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the closed-door policy, although the road out of the Jiayuguan Pass through Hami to Central Asia has not been broken, but the land Silk Road as a Western and Eastern transportation routes have been far less important than the sea.