Ice Hockey Details

Ice hockey (ice hockey), also known as "ice hockey". Ice hockey is a combination of versatile skating skills and agile and skillful field hockey skills, one of the more confrontational collective ice sports, but also the Winter Olympic Games official competition. Players wear ice skates and skate with sticks in hand to hit the ball. The ball is generally made of hard rubber, 2,54 centimeters thick, 7.62 centimeters in diameter, and weighs 156-170 grams. Each team plays six players, three forwards, two defensemen and one goalie. Players use the ice stick to hit the ball into the opposing team's goal, the one with the most is the winner.

Basic introduction Chinese name: ice hockey Foreign name: ice hockey Alias: ice hockey Number of players: six people on the ice Ball weight: 156-170 grams Characteristics: fast Major tournaments: NHL Origins: Canada History, rules, terminology, technology, field, equipment, shoes, blades, pads, sticks, tournaments, the Olympics, the World Championships, the famous stars, History Ice hockey originated in the 1850s and 1860s in the 19th century. Ice hockey originated in Canada in the 1850s and 1860s. A popular ice game in Kingston, Canada, was played with ice skates strapped to the feet of the participants, and the earliest records of ice hockey are found in 17th century Dutch publications, where gentlemen wearing skates strapped with blades made of sharpened bone skated on a frozen river with a discus in their hands. In the early 1800s, records began to appear of Micmac Indians in Canada playing a similar game, using sticks and wooden discs. Ice Hockey There is also a theory that ice hockey originated from an ancient American sport, lacrosse. However, the most widespread and widely accepted theory is that ice hockey evolved from ground field hockey, which was initiated in Northern Europe more than 500 years ago and introduced to North America by British soldiers stationed in Canada. Ice hockey originated in Canada. 1855 Kingston, Canada, popularized a kind of ice game, participants feet tied to the ice skates, holding a hockey stick, in the frozen lake, chasing and striking the ball made of round wooden pieces, with two vertical wooden poles as the goal, the ball into the goal, the number of participants is not limited. This was the precursor to the modern game of hockey, the sport. This competition game was then popular in New England and other parts of North America. People in the outdoor frozen pond in this spontaneous, no strict discipline of the game, neither a fixed site, out of no specific equipment and equipment, not to mention the rules. December 25, 1855 in Kingston, Canada, the first ice hockey game, 1858, the sport spread to Europe. 1860, Canada began to use rubber disc-shaped pucks. 1875 March 3 in Montreal, Canada, the Victoria Ice Arena held the first official ice hockey game, in the McGill University between the two teams. At that time, each team had 30 players on the field. 1879 McGill University students in Canada, W.F. Robertson (W.F. Robertson) and Smith (R.F. Smith) Professor *** with the development of the rules of the game, providing for the number of players on each team to play nine people. Hockey rapidly became the most popular sport in Canada, and in 1885 the first amateur hockey association was formed, in which hockey-lovers could join. However, somewhat unreasonably, the association levied a fee on amateurs. At this stage of development, players began to use more protective gear to keep their bodies safe, for example, goalies used leg guards and wore masks. Hockey then spread to the United States and continental Europe, where the Canadian ice hockey team made its first appearance in 1893, and in 1902 the first European ice hockey club was founded in Lesavant, Switzerland. 1908 saw the founding of the International Ice Hockey Federation (Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace) in Paris, which has been renamed the The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) was founded in Paris in 1908 and renamed the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), with its headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland. 1910 saw the first European Ice Hockey Championships, which Great Britain won. Seven years later, the National Hockey League (NHL) was established, until 1967 only six teams participated, in recent years, the NHL has become the world's professional and commercialization of the very successful league. 1912, the Canadian National Hockey Association pioneered the first six-player style of play, which is used by the IIHF to this day. And while the NHL's influence has grown, similar to what the NBA is to the world of basketball, the American Hockey League's trophy, the Stanley Cup, has become a legendary honor. The first professional ice hockey team, the Tahoes, was founded in Michigan, U.S.A. Then in 1904, the United States established the International Professional Ice Hockey League (IPHL) In 1908, the International Amateur Ice Hockey Federation (IFIHF) was established in Europe, and the Federation's first tournament was held in Glasgow, Scotland, in the same year, with the United Kingdom, Bohemia, Switzerland, France, and Belgium being the first five member countries In 1917, Canada established the National Hockey League (NHL). Hockey League. Rules Ice hockey is a collective competition of ice sports. Two teams of players with skates and sticks compete for a rubberized flat puck on a walled ice rink to score points in the opposing team's goal. Since 1920, the 7th Olympic Games as an official competition. Since 1924, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games have been held separately, and ice hockey has become one of the main events of the Winter Olympic Games. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) divides all member states according to the level of ice hockey into three groups, A, B and C, with six teams in Group A, eight teams in Group B, and the remainder in Group C. Group A can participate in the Olympic Games and the World Ice Hockey Championships, and a system of promotion and relegation is implemented in the three groups according to the results of the games each year, i.e., the last two players in Groups A and B will be relegated to Groups B and C in the following year, and the two players in Groups B and C will be promoted to Group A in the following year. The top two teams of Group B and Group C will be promoted to Group A and Group B respectively in the following year. Ice hockey is played between two teams in the same division. Each team has 20 players. Each team plays 6 players, 3 forwards, 2 defensemen and 1 goalie. Players use skating, dribbling, passing, shooting, body blocking and other techniques according to the rules in the ice hockey rink surrounded by the boundary wall, attacking and defending each other under the tactical cooperation, and trying to shoot the puck into the opposing team's goal with the ice hockey stick. Substitutions may be made at any time during the game, and players are penalized for fouls by leaving the game for 2, 5 or 10 minutes or more. The game is divided into 3 sets of 20 minutes each, with a 15-minute break in between. The winner is the one who scores the most points on goal. Ice Hockey Refereeing Staff: The refereeing staff consists of two on-ice referees, two goal supervisors (goal judges). Two sideline referees, a timekeeper and a scorekeeper. （The (two) field referees*** are in control of the entire game, each responsible for one half of the field. The touchline referees are primarily responsible for signaling when someone is offside. The game is played with 20 players on each team, six on each side , goalie, left defenseman, right defenseman, left forward, right forward and center. Players wear ice skates, hold ice poles, and wear the chest protector, elbow protector, crotch protector, leg protector, helmet and other protective gear prescribed by the IIHF. The game consists of one point for each goal scored, and is played in three sets of 60 minutes, with 20 minutes of actual play in each set and 15 minutes of rest in between sets. Players and goalies may be replaced at any time during the game without going through the referee. Players are not allowed to hit with the stick or stab with the blade or pestle or hook with the handle, hold, trip, push with the crossbar, throw the stick and elbow, kick, or interfere with the referee and staff. Violators are subject to minor or major penalties, disqualification, and free throws depending on the circumstances. Defensive players may use their shoulders, chests and hips to make a reasonable charge against an offensive player controlling the ball, or they may use their bodies to squeeze and block. Players of the same team may pass the ball to each other within a zone, but not from the defensive zone to a player of the same team located in the front half of the field, and the offender is judged to have passed the ball across the zone. A player of the attacking team who enters the attacking zone before the puck is offside. Intense Hockey Games In the National Hockey League, there are occasional "one-on-one" fights between two players, which are not permitted in hockey, but are used for tactical reasons and to increase the intensity of the game. In order to increase the confrontation and intensity of the game to attract more spectators, some intense "physical confrontation" will not be stopped by the referee. This kind of "unspoken rule" is mainly prevalent in the professional ice hockey league, the purpose is to "violent aesthetics" to enhance the spectacle of the game, is for commercial purposes, the team also specializes in "fighting" position called "fighting". There is also an on-ice position called "Enforcer" (Enforcer) in the team that specializes in "fighting", and there is a movie called "Bad Boys of Hockey" that is about this. While fighting is common in the North American professional hockey leagues, it is strictly prohibited in the Olympic Games, which promotes amateurism and prohibits over-commercialization. Terminology Kickoff point of the game There is a blue dot in the very center of the red center line. At the beginning of each game or after a shot on goal, both teams compete for the ball at this point, thus starting the following game. Scrimmage Points In addition, there are eight other points on the field called scrimmage points. During the game, if a player from the attacking team hits the ball directly over the opponents' goal line from their own half of the field, the referee stops the game by sounding the whistle, takes the ball back to the attacking team's scrum half, and the two teams compete for the ball to restart the game. Offside A player of the attacking team must not enter the attacking area before the ball is in the attacking area, otherwise he is offside. The referee stops play by sounding the whistle and returns the ball to the scrum in the center of the field of play to start the game again. Reasonable Impact During the game, a player may impact the opposing team's ball carrier with his shoulders, chest or hips, but he may not skate more than three steps or jump up to impact, nor may he impact from behind or within three meters of the boundary wall in the direction of the boundary wall, or it is an illegal impact. The referee will assess a 2-minute minor penalty or a 5-minute major penalty and an additional 10-minute penalty, depending on the circumstances of the case, for illegal charging, which will result in a major penalty or disqualification from the game. Fouls Because the game of ice hockey is played at such a high speed and with the sticks in the hands of the players, competitive situations on the ice can be extremely uncivilized and even dangerous if not properly controlled. Therefore, the following actions are not permitted: pushing or hugging with the hands, tripping with the legs, elbowing with the elbows, hooking or tripping with the stick, pushing with the stick, lifting the stick above the shoulders, playing with a bad stick, throwing the stick out of the rink, hitting with the stick, stabbing with the head of the stick or pestling with the head of the stick. The referee will assess a minor penalty, major penalty, violation or serious violation depending on the circumstances. Ice Hockey Position Names C center LW:left winger RW:right winger LD:left defender RD:right defender c center Center Lw lefing left winger Rw righing right winger Ld leftdefender left defender Rd right defender right defender Techniques The basic techniques of ice hockey Includes skating techniques and offensive and defensive techniques similar to those used in soccer. Ice Hockey Skating is the most basic technology that ice hockey players must master, including starting, skating, skating, skating backwards, inertia turn, pressure step turn, stopping and other technology, and the goalie's special skating technology. Ice hockey skating is mainly characterized by sudden starts and frequent changes in direction and frequent stops. Ice hockey offensive and defensive techniques have control of the ball, passing, passing, fighting for the ball, shooting and other offensive actions and blocking, grabbing the ball, legal rushing and goalie action and other various defensive techniques. The most important of the offensive techniques is the shooting technique, there are picking, pulling, hitting, supplementing, bouncing and other shooting methods. Ice hockey tactics are offense, defense and playing with more or less tactics. According to the tactical style, there are European-type playing style and North American-type playing style. The former emphasizes cooperation and varied tactics; the latter favors individual skills and emphasizes forced raids. Tactics is the method of offense and defense adopted in the game in order to defeat the opponent. It includes: ① offensive tactics, personal, 2 ~ 3 people and the team's offensive tactics, the team's offensive tactics can be divided into fast attack and positional attack. ② defensive tactics, divided into individual defense, 2 ~ 3 defense and team defense tactics. ③" more than playing less" and "less than playing more" tactics, hockey rules have a penalty 2 minutes and 5 minutes of the provisions of the field may form 6 to 5 or 6 to 4 to more than playing less situation, which is the best time to score, more than playing less tactics is a special form of offensive tactics for this situation; on the other hand, the whole team offensive tactics can be divided into fast break and ground attack. This is the best time to score points, and the more-or-less tactic is a special form of offensive tactics for this situation; on the other hand, the less-or-more tactic is a special form of defensive tactics forced by the players being sentenced out of the game. Site The standard hockey rink is 61 meters long and 30 meters wide; the minimum size is 26 meters long and 15 meters wide; the radius of the four corners of the circle is 7 to 8.5 meters. International games are used 61 meters long, 30 meters wide, corner arc radius of 8.5 meters of the field. The hockey rink is surrounded by a solid boundary wall of 1.15 to 1.22 meters high made of wood or plastic material. Except for the official marking of the rink, the entire surface of the ice and the inside of the boundary wall shall be white. At each end of the rink, 4 meters from the end wall, across the rink and extending to the boundary wall of the sideline, two parallel red lines 5 centimeters wide are drawn for the goal lines. The two goals are fixed in the center of the goal lines. Two 30-centimeter wide blue lines run across the rink and extend vertically to the sideline boundary wall, dividing the area between the two goal lines into three equal parts, with the defensive zone on the own side of the goal, the center zone in the middle, and the offensive zone on the opponent's side of the goal. In the middle of the rink, a 30-centimeter wide red line parallel to the blue line runs across the rink and extends vertically to the sideline boundary wall and is called the center line. In the middle of the center line there is a blue dot with a diameter of 30 centimeters as the kick-off point. In addition, there are eight 60-centimetre diameter scrimmage points and five 4.5-metre radius scrimmage circles in the center and end zones. In front of each goal there is a 1.22 m x 2.44 m rectangle connected by red lines with a line width of 5 cm, called the goal area. There is also a semi-circular referee's zone with a 3-meter radius drawn on the ice near the center line near the boundary wall on one sideline. The ice hockey goal is 1.83 meters wide and 1.22 meters high, and the deepest part of the goal is no greater than 1 meter or less than 60 centimeters. The back of the goal supports should be covered with a goal net, and a draped net should be hung inside the goal in order to keep the puck inside the goal. The outward-facing surfaces of the goal posts and beams shall be red, and the inward-facing surfaces and the inner surfaces of the remaining brackets and bases shall be white. Separate players' benches for the playing team are provided outside the boundary wall on one side of the ice rink, and the referee's and penalty benches are provided outside the boundary wall on the opposite sideline. For the smooth running of the game, the ice hockey rink must be equipped with signaling devices, open timing devices and sufficiently well-lit lighting. Ice Hockey Equipment: Ice hockey players' equipment includes skates, blades, pads, sticks, etc. Skates are high-waisted and have a high back. Skates are high-waisted, with a hard outer layer on the toe, upper, ankles, and heel. The long tongue in the front and the hard high waist can tighten the legs and ankles to help the athletes to support and exert themselves. Hockey shoes were originally made of high-quality cowhide leather sewing, 60 ~ 70 s appeared all-plastic molded shoes. Now the international more nylon fiber upper, plastic bottom of the hockey shoes. These shoes are lighter than leather shoes, hard, moisture-resistant, suitable for indoor ice rinks. Knife The original Ditto steel blade, now more than the use of full-plastic knife butt, high-quality alloy steel blade, with light weight, anti-strike, not easy to rust and other advantages. Ice hockey knives are high and short, with a large arc and a thick blade. Knife body high, in the athletes sharp turn ice skates tilt will not make the shoes touch the ice; knife body arc, and ice contact area is small, can be flexible skating and change direction; blade thick, can be resistant to blows without bending; blade with a shallow groove can be made sharp and long-lasting. Goalie ice skates are wrapped with special thickened hard leather around the shoe to resist ball strikes and protect the feet. Goalie skates and player skates have a big difference, it is made of metal, the blade is short and flat, the blade and the butt of the blade has a number of links to prevent leakage of the ball. Protective gear In order to prevent injuries in the intense confrontation, athletes wear protective gear all over the body. Protective gear includes helmets, face masks, shoulder pads, chest pads, waist pads, body pads, elbow pads, gloves, pants, leg pads, ankle pads and so on. Modern hockey pads are generally made of a lightweight, rigid plastic shell lined with sponge or foam cushions. Goalies wear special facemasks, gloves, thickened chest protectors and thickened and widened leg guards. Ice Hockey The stick is made of wood and must not be longer than 147 centimeters from the root to the end of the handle. The blade must not be longer than 32 centimeters and must be 5 to 7.5 centimeters wide. Goalkeeper club handle widening part from the root upward shall not be longer than 71 centimeters, not wider than 9 centimeters, the blade shall not exceed 39 centimeters in length, not more than 9 centimeters in width. In order to reduce weight, there are now sticks made of carbon material, which are lighter and easier for the player to play with while remaining the same length and width. Tournaments Olympic Games Men's ice hockey made its first appearance at the Summer Olympics in 1920 (1920 Anversa), which was later retroactively recognized as the first World Ice Hockey Championship. By the 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics, ice hockey was classified as a Winter Olympic sport. In the first four Winter Olympics, Canada, the birthplace of ice hockey, won back-to-back championships, and after World War II the former Soviet Union began a long monopoly, which was not broken until the early 1990s when the former Soviet Union disintegrated as a dominant player. In the next two Olympics, European countries won gold medals, Sweden in 1994 and the Czech Republic at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano (which opened its doors to players from the American Professional Hockey League for the first time). The U.S. Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, U.S.A., saw Canada beat the U.S. in a classic battle to the top podium. The women's ice hockey program didn't enter the Winter Olympics until the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, where the U.S. beat heavy favorites Canada to win the first women's ice hockey gold medal in Olympic history. Four years later, the Americans were no longer so fortunate, as the Canadian girls won the title over a much stronger United States. Men's ice hockey 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix Canadian ice hockey team 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz Canadian ice hockey team 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid Canadian ice hockey team 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen British ice hockey team 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz Canadian ice hockey team 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway Canadian ice hockey team 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortidan Pezzo, Italy Winter Olympics Soviet Union Ice Hockey Team 1960 Squaw Valley Winter Olympics USA Ice Hockey Team 1964 Winter Olympics Innsbruck, Austria Soviet Union Ice Hockey Team 1968 Grenoble Winter Olympics Grenoble, France Soviet Union Ice Hockey Team 1972 Sapporo Winter Olympics Sapporo, Japan Soviet Union Ice Hockey Team 1976 Innsbruck Winter Olympics Innsbruck, Austria Soviet Union Ice Hockey Team 1980 Lake Placid Winter Olympics USA Ice hockey team 1984 Winter Olympics in Serajevo, Yugoslavia Ice hockey team of the former Soviet Union 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada Ice hockey team of the former Soviet Union 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France Ice hockey team of the former Soviet Union 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer Ice hockey team of Sweden 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano Ice hockey team of the Czech Republic 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City Ice hockey team of Canada 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin Winter Olympics Swedish Ice Hockey Team 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics Canadian Ice Hockey Team 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics Canadian Ice Hockey Team World Championships Previous Women's Ice Hockey World Championships Rankings Year Host City No. of Teams Ranking 1990 Ottawa, Canada 8 1. Canada 2. USA 3. Finland 4. Sweden 5. China 6. Norway 7. Denmark 8. Switzerland 1994 Lake Placid, USA 8 1. 8 1.Canada 2.USA 3.Finland 4.Sweden 5.China 6.Russia 7.Germany 8.Switzerland 2000 Mississauga, Canada 8 1.Canada 2.USA 3.Finland 4.Sweden 5.Russia 6.China 7.Germany 8.Japan 2001 Minneapolis, USA 8 1. Kazakhstan 2004 Halifax, Canada 9 1.Canada 2.U.S.A. 3.Finland 4.Sweden 5.Russia 6.Germany 7.China 8.Switzerland 9.Japan 2005 Link?ping, K?nigswald, Sweden 8 1.U.S.A. 2.Canada 3.Sweden 4.Finland 5.Germany 6.China 7.Kazakhstan 8.Russia 2007 Winnipeg, Selkirk, Canada 9 1.Canada 2. USA 3. Sweden 4. Finland 5. Switzerland 6. China 7. Russia 8. Germany 9. Kazakhstan 2008 Beijing, China 9 Famous Players Wayne Gretzky Hockey Great Wayne Gretzky Date of Birth. Birthplace: Ontario, Canada Nationality: Canadian Canadian professional hockey star, "The Greatest Hockey Player" with 2,857 points, global hockey legend. Played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), played for the Edmonton Oilers, Los Angeles Kings, St. Louis Blues and New York Rangers, and holds the record for the most goals in professional hockey in the United States. Retired in 1999. Retired in 1999. Coached the Phoenix Flyers in the NHL. He is also the owner and head coach of the Phoenix Coyotes. Dany Heatley (Dany Heatley) Hockey Hartley Born: January 21, 1981 Height: 6'3" Weight: 205 lbs Position: Left winger Sweden Ambassador --Mats Sundin Born: February 13, 1971 Nationality: Sweden Height: 193cm Weight: 100kg Position: Center/Right Wing Playing: Toronto Maple Leafs, Canada Hockey Team Sweden will be one of the top teams at the Winter Olympics in Turin. Sweden will be a strong team at the Winter Olympics in Turin, and Sundin, the most powerful forward in the last 15 years, is Sweden's biggest ace. The increasingly powerful Sundin will join the likes of the NHL's top scorer, Peter For *** erg, to form a formidable team. Mats was great enough to go down in Swedish hockey history, alongside several other "Mats". (Mats Naslund, Mats Ahlberg, and Mats Waltin) Sundin's excellence was not just about being indestructible on the ice, but also about his fair play. He is considered an ambassador for Swedish sport in the world. "The Gate" - Luongo (Roberto Luongo ) Born: April 4, 1979 Place of birth: Little Italy, Montreal, Canada. Hockey Luongo Parents: From Naples, mom Pasqualina works for Air Canada. NHL Career: Drafted fourth overall in the first round by the New York Islanders in 1997, he became the highest-ranked goaltender in franchise history Nicknamed The Gate, Lonzo is the kind of player who can save the day when it counts, and is one of today's great goaltenders as well as a future superstar in the NHL with the Vancouver Canucks ("Vancouver Canucks"). He is a future superstar of the NHL, having played for the Vancouver Canucks and reached the NHL's ultimate Stanley Cup Final, where he was eliminated by Boston. Rongo played for the Vancouver Canucks in the Stanley Cup Final, the NHL's ultimate tournament, where he was eliminated by Boston. Rongo played under the tutelage of brothers Fran?ois and Benoit, the originators of Quebec's special "butterfly goaltending". At the last two World Championships, Lonco was the star of the show for Canada, helping his team beat Sweden twice in the final to win the title. At the Winter Olympics in Turin, expectations are high.