Folk history about the Yellow River Myths and legends Historical figures Proverbs Idioms and a public service announcement

Yellow River Proverbs, Idioms, and Famous Quotes

Three springs of white snow return to the green mound, ten thousand miles of the Yellow River go around the Black Mountain.

Don't you see that the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky and never returns to the sea

The Yellow River is far away from the white clouds, and a lone city is ten thousand refreshing mountains.

The Yellow River can still be plugged, but it is hard to cut the hatred of the northern wind and rain!

Yesterday is better than today, this year is older than last year. The Yellow River will be clear for a day, and the gray hair will be black for no reason.

Crossing the Yellow River

The river is swift and turbid. The river is swift and turbulent.

Hinoki is hard to make a list. The pine boat is the only one that can win.

The old trees are lying down in the empty court. The old carcasses are still in the deserted fields.

Not a trace of man. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it.

This is the first time I've ever seen a woman in the world who has been in a hurry to get out of the house. The water is so clear.

The Wave of Sand

The Yellow River is a river of 10,000 miles of sand,

and the waves and winds have been blowing since the end of the world.

Now I'm going up to the Milky Way,

to the home of the weaving maiden.

Lyrics of Liangzhou

The Yellow River is far away from the white clouds,

A lonely city with ten thousand feet of mountains.

The Qiang flute has no need to complain about the willow,

The spring breeze does not pass through the Jade Gate Gate

The heart is not willing to reach the Yellow River.

Saying all about the Yellow River is only for the water (proverb)

Meaning: It is a metaphor for saying a lot of things for only one purpose.

Example sentence: You don't need to argue anymore, ~, or you have an opinion about me.

It is not possible to jump into the Yellow River and wash it away.

The original meaning of this sentence is to say that one has been wronged so much that even if one jumps into a big river like the Yellow River, one cannot wash it away. In fact, no matter who it is, jumping into the Yellow River will not be able to wash it away. At the same time, the Yellow River sediment particles are very fine, and sometimes the river water even into the mud state, stained in the body is not easy to wash, really become "jump into the Yellow River can not be washed.

It seems that he is not to the Yellow River heart never die.

You don't see the Yellow River water coming from the sky, flowing to the sea never to return.

This poem says that the Yellow River rushes from the distant western sky and rolls eastward into the sea. Today, "the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky" is often used to describe the phenomenon of "hanging river" in the lower reaches of the Yellow River." Hanging river" refers to the riverbed above the ground on both sides of the river, also known as the "ground river". The cause of the hanging river is, sandy river, to the river valley open, than the drop is not big, the flow of the river section, sediment accumulation, the river bed is constantly elevated, the water level rises accordingly, in order to prevent water damage, both sides of the embankment is also followed by constantly raise, over time, the river bed above the ground on both sides, become "hanging river". After the Yellow River reaches the downstream, about 400 million tons of sediment are deposited in the downstream channel every year, and the riverbed rises year by year, which makes the lower reaches of the Yellow River become the famous "Hanging River" in the world. Now the riverbed of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally 3-5 meters higher than the ground outside the embankment, and in Cao Gang, Fengqiu County, Henan Province, it is as much as 10 meters higher. Really become "the Yellow River water from the sky." Because the river is higher than the ground, generally speaking, the lower reaches of the Yellow River below Zhengzhou became the Huaihe River, the Haihe River watershed of the two major water systems, from the strict sense of the two sides of the Yellow River is not part of the Yellow River Basin.

The mainstay of the Yellow River: this idiom refers to the strong, can play the role of a pillar of people or collective, like standing in the Yellow River rapids in the mainstay of the mountain. Mainstay Mountain is actually a huge stone, located in the Yellow River Sanmenxia section of the rapids, is a stone island, known as "Mainstay Stone", or "mainstay". The Yellow River water to the canyon by both sides of the mountain rocks bound into a narrow stream, rushed to the stone before the mainstay, forming a rapid whirlpool, split into two streams away from the Sanmenxia Valley, the scene is thrilling. In the past, the Yellow River water transportation is developed, once for the main channel. But in the Sanmenxia section, there are often reefs. To the bottom of the mountain has "rice pile", "grain pile" called. After the boat every line to this, the boatmen will get off the boat with a fiber rope to pull through. Legend has it that the pillar stone is used to calm the ripples of the river, in the eyes of the boatmen, the pillar stone is a beacon. The original stone engraved with "shine me to" three big words, meaning to sail towards it. Ship to sail toward it, look to hit when the main pillar in front of the waves back to the water, just push the ship to the safe channel, very magical.

The formation of the Yellow River:

One of the

In about 1.6 million years ago, the Tibetan Plateau in a violent and amazing uplift movement, jumped out of the ground, the other plate edges of the fracture fold, the formation of terraced landforms, the original widespread lakes converge into a river. A large river gathered by the lakes then rushed down, forming a thrilling scene in the history of geological tectonics.

Two

According to the geological evolution history, the Yellow River is a relatively young river. In the late Early Pleistocene, 1.15 million years ago, the basin is still just a number of disconnected lake basins, each forming an independent inland water system. Thereafter, with the uplift of the western plateau, the river erosion, capture, after 1.05 million years of the middle Pleistocene, the lake basins are gradually connected, constituting the prototype of the Yellow River system. To the Late Pleistocene between 100,000 and 10,000 years ago, the Yellow River gradually evolved into a large river from the source of the river to the mouth of the sea up and down through the river.

Compared with other rivers in China, the Yellow River has several remarkable features:

One is that there is little water and much sand.

The average annual natural runoff of the Yellow River is 58 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 1/17 of the Yangtze River, accounting for only 2% of the total runoff of the country's rivers, ranking No. 4 in China's seven major rivers. The per capita water in the basin is 593m3, which is 25% of the national per capita water; the average water per mu of arable land is 324m3, which is only 17% of the national average water per mu of arable land. Soil erosion in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is very serious, resulting in serious siltation in the lower reaches of the river, and the riverbed is raised about 10 centimeters per year on average. Sanmenxia Station of the Yellow River for many years the average amount of sand transfer of about 1.6 billion tons, the average amount of sand is 35kg / m3, in the big rivers ranked first in the world rivers is unique. If the 1.6 billion tons of sand piled up into the height, width of 1 meter each of the earth embankment, the length of the earth to the moon distance of three times, can be around the earth's equator 27 laps.

The second is the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water and sand.

60% of the Yellow River's water comes from above Lanzhou, the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, and more than 90% of the sediment mainly comes from the Hekouzhen to Longmen interval with the Jinghe River, the Beiluo River and the upstream area of the Weihe River. Year 60% of the water and 80% of the amount of sediment concentrated from the flood season, the flood season and mainly concentrated from several storm floods. This kind of water less sand, water, sand distribution of concentration, to the development and utilization of the Yellow River water resources and downstream flood control, increased the great difficulty.

Thirdly, the river hangs above the ground.

Because of the long-term sedimentation, the lower reaches of the Yellow River embankment is generally 5 to 6 meters of the back of the dike. The beach surface is about 20 meters higher than the ground in Xinxiang City, about 13 meters higher than the ground in Kaifeng City, about 5 meters higher than the ground in Jinan City. Hanging river situation is treacherous, the threat of flooding has become the country's heart.

Fourth, frequent flood disasters.

The Yellow River reaches Tianjin in the north and the Jianghuai River in the south, flooding up to 250,000 square kilometers, causing heavy losses to people's lives and property. At the same time, the Yellow River floods carry a large amount of sediment, silt river, good land sand, the destructive impact on the environment, long-term difficult to recover. Because of the frequent floods, the Yellow River floods have been called the "China's worries".

The situation of the Yellow River

Li Bai's poem says: "You don't see the water of the Yellow River coming from the sky, flowing to the sea and never coming back". The Yellow River originates from the Yoguzonglei Basin at an altitude of 4,500 meters at the northern foot of Ba Yan Ka La Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It passes through Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi on the Loess Plateau and Ordos Plateau, Henan and Shandong on the North China Plain, and injects into the Bohai Sea, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, and a watershed area of 750,000 square kilometers. The Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau, carrying a large amount of sediment, the average amount of sand transported over the years reached 1.6 billion tons, which is equivalent to piling up into a 1-meter-square earth embankment around the earth 27 times. Every year, the sediment deposited in the riverbed of the lower reaches is 400 million tons, which makes the Yellow River become a "hanging river" more than ten meters above the ground. The middle reaches of the Yellow River are located in the monsoon climate zone, with large annual variability of precipitation and heavy rainfall. Sediment and torrential floods cause the riverbed of the lower reaches of the Yellow River to silt up well, to decide well, and to be good. From the pre-Qin to 1949 in more than 2,500 years, the lower reaches of the Yellow River overflowed 1,590 times, diverted 26 times.

According to historical records, from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China during the 2540 years, the lower reaches of the Yellow River **** overflowed more than 1590 times, the road 26 times, an average of three years two diameters, a hundred years a diversion.

Flood control

The Yellow River Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub Project is a large-scale comprehensive water conservancy project on the main stream of the Yellow River, integrating silt reduction, flood control, bulging prevention, water supply and irrigation, power generation and other large-scale comprehensive water conservancy project, which is the key project for the treatment and development of the Yellow River, and is a key project of the National "Eighth Five-Year Plan". Xiaolangdi project is a huge project, the total construction period of eleven years. Its completion will effectively control the Yellow River floods, can make the Yellow River downstream of the Huayuankou flood control standard from one in sixty years to one in a thousand years, basically lifting the threat of the Yellow River downstream of the Lingxun, slowing down the downstream river siltation, Xiaolangdi Reservoir can be used to regulate the long term effective capacity of the runoff out of flood season, increase the amount of water used for urban and industrial water supply, irrigation and power generation. The project officially started on September 12, 1994, and in November 1997, the flow was cut off.

Since the establishment of new China, the state for the lower reaches of the Yellow River flood control project construction investment amounted to more than 8 billion yuan, completed more than 1.4 billion cubic meters of various types of earth and stone, the amount of work is equivalent to the construction of the 13 Miles Great Wall. The masses have contributed nearly 500 million man-days of labor. Relying on the flood control engineering system and the tight defense of the people and the military, has been 50 years in a row to win the great victory of the Yellow River floods do not break.

To ensure that the Yellow River year after year, not only the social benefits are significant, the economic benefits are also very huge. According to comprehensive analysis and calculation, the lower reaches of the Yellow River for 50 years without breakage, flood control and disaster mitigation direct economic benefits of nearly 400 billion yuan. Avoid casualties, siltation of rivers and canals, good land sand, environmental degradation, social stability and other indirect losses are incalculable.

At present, the basin has built large, medium and small reservoirs 3147, with a total capacity of 57.4 billion cubic meters, more than 4600 water diversion projects, water lifting project 29,000, the main stream design water diversion capacity has exceeded 6000 cubic meters per second. The irrigated area in the basin and downstream along the Yellow River has been developed from 12 million mu at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 110 million mu now, an increase of 8 times, of which the Ningmeng Loop Irrigation District, Fenwei Irrigation District and Yellow River Downstream Irrigation District of the Yellow River irrigated area of the three large areas accounted for more than 70% of the whole river, and the water consumption accounted for 80%. Irrigation area of agricultural production efficiency is remarkable, in about 45% of the irrigated area of arable land, the production of more than 70% of the grain and most of the cash crops, many irrigation areas have become China's important commodity grain and cotton base.

The lower reaches of the Yellow River are now **** construction of 94 culverts to divert the Yellow River, Yellow River irrigation and drought watering an area of more than 36 million mu, an average annual water diversion of nearly 10 billion cubic meters of water, Yu and Lu provinces along the Yellow River, more than a hundred counties in the 20 localities and municipalities use the Yellow River water.

The scope of utilization of the Yellow River water resources has shifted from being mainly used for farmland irrigation in the past to serving the whole socio-economic development and people's life. Along the river Lanzhou, Baotou, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Jinan, Dongying and other more than 50 large and medium-sized cities and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises, are to the Yellow River as the main source of water. The drinking water difficulties of more than 27 million people in rural areas are also solved by the Yellow River water supply. It has also built the cross-basin water transfer projects such as the diversion of the Yellow River to Qingdao and the diversion of the Yellow River to Wei (River).

The Yellow River years of average river runoff **** 58 billion cubic meters, has been consumed 30.7 billion cubic meters, the utilization rate of water resources as high as 53%, compared with domestic and foreign large rivers, has been a high level. According to a comprehensive analysis and calculation, 50 years after the founding of the country, irrigation, water supply of direct economic benefits of 600 billion yuan.

History of flood control

"Two outbreaks in three years and one diversion in a hundred years" is a true portrayal of the history of the Yellow River and a remarkable feature that distinguishes it from other rivers. Therefore, in the history of the change of the lower course of the Yellow River, there are a number of old channels of the Yellow River which originated from the downstream breach and rerouting. For example, the old course of the Yu River (also known as the river course of "Yugong"), the old course of the Western Han Dynasty, the old course of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the old course of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and so on.

First of all, let's recognize the Yu River Old Road. The period of traveling river, counting from the beginning of Dayu's water control to the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou (602 BC) river migration, more than 1400 years, is the earliest recorded history of the Yellow River since the first ancient river channel.

Legends of the Yellow River water gods and spirits

The Yellow River water gods, has a long history, but the specific names of the water gods of the various dynasties in history are different, the river up and down the river sections of the river god and the way of worship is not the same.

The earliest water god of the Yellow River recorded in history is He Bo. The first river god was He Bo, who was known as "Bing Yi", "Feng Yi" and "Wu Yi" in the historical records. At first, it was probably a kind of nature worship that the water had a spirit, but later it gradually turned into a personified water god.

They said that a man named Feng Yi, was drowned by the Yellow River, a stomach of resentment, to the emperor of the sky to sue the Yellow River. When the Heavenly Emperor heard that the Yellow River was harming the people, he named Feng Yi as the god of the Yellow River water, called He Bo, to govern the Yellow River.

Da Yu is one of the most revered historical figures in China. The selflessness and dedication of Dayu, who "passed through his door three times without entering", is the most admired spirit in the world. Looking at the essence through the phenomenon, the real significance lies in the fact that firstly, he was the real founder of the Xia Dynasty, the first slave state in the history of China, and secondly, under his governance, the Yellow River remained free of floods for more than 1,400 years, and the world became the biggest beneficiary. Therefore, the course of the Yellow River after Dayu's governance is also considered by the world as the best river course, and has long influenced the river-governing activities of future generations.

Along with the legend of Dayu's water treatment, people sometimes worship Dayu as the god of the Yellow River.

There is a legend in the Zhengzhou area that says that Feng Yi, the eldest member of the river, was ordered to rule the Yellow River, but he did not do so after a lifetime of hard work. When he was old, he trekked through the mountains and rivers to inspect the water conditions, drew a map of the Yellow River, and then, after going through great hardships, he found Dayu, and gave the map of the water conditions to him. Based on this map, Dayu dredged the waterways and finally managed the Yellow River.

What this story explains is that Dayu was the god of the Yellow River after He Bo. The highest building in Jiayingguan, Wuzhi County, Henan Province, is the Yuwang Pavilion, in which the statue of Yuwang locking up mosquitoes is molded, and from where you stand on the pavilion, you can see the vastness of the Yellow River. In the southeast of Kaifeng City, there is a Yuwang Terrace with a Yuwang Hall built on a high hill, in which an eight-foot-tall bronze statue of Yuwang is enshrined. Longdong Mountain in Jinan, Shandong Province, formerly known as Yudeng Mountain, is said to be the place where Dayu ascended to rule the water.

Folk Tales, Myths and Legends of the Yellow River

Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, the court was corrupt and the people were living in poverty. Li Zicheng, the barge king, led the peasants to revolt in Mizhi, Shaanxi to fight over the Yellow River and overthrow the Ming Dynasty. At that time in early winter, the Yellow River water has not yet frozen, and only when the river water is frozen into solid ice army can pass through smoothly . What to do? The king was so worried that his beard and hair turned white overnight.

The next morning, two people came to report: "The Yellow River has frozen solid." The king was overjoyed and hurriedly ordered the three armies to cross the river quickly. To the river to see, the river is still "clattering" flowing happily, there is no ice. But the top is up a wide pontoon bridge, boat to boat, board to board, four flat and stable, is suitable for the army to cross the river.

The king was puzzled, and was about to dismount from his horse to take a look, when suddenly two men climbed up from the river, clasped their fists at the king, and said aloud: 'My lord, we are the boatmen of the Yellow River. We have heard that you are going to cross the river for the benefit of the people, so we have specially spent a night's work to build this pontoon bridge, so please send the army on its way." The intruder king was moved to tears, "I will surely live up to the people's love, and make sure to let everyone live a good life!" Saying so, he drove his horse to the bridge and led his troops eastward.

Nine curves

The Yellow River has many curves, known as the "nine curves of the Yellow River". The Yellow River turns many big bends in the Loess Plateau, and then rushes away. Leaving that high-pitched Xin Tian You folk song still echoing in our ears: "You know? Dozens of bays of the Yellow River in the world? The Yellow River in the world ninety-nine bays ．．．．．．"" Nine" and "ninety-nine" are used to describe many in ancient times, indicating that the Yellow River has many bends. From the source to the mouth of the Yellow River, there are a lot of big bends, and there are six major bends in the main stream, and even more small bends, mostly in the Loess Plateau. Among the big bends, there are three 180-degree bends, two 90-degree bends and one 45-degree bend. The total trend of the Yellow River constitutes a "several" big bends, the total flow direction is still from west to east, from the source of the river to the mouth of the straight line distance is only 2068 kilometers, but the actual process is 5464 kilometers, is 2.64 times the straight line distance.

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