The Tang Dynasty was open and the Song Dynasty was conservative. From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, how did people's thoughts move from openness to conservatism?

There are great differences between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. For example, the Tang Dynasty was more open-minded, but the Song Dynasty was very conservative. We first study the ideological differences between the two dynasties. The Tang Dynasty was open and maintained the principle of tolerance in many fields such as culture, economy and politics. Women in the Tang Dynasty also like to wear men's clothes, and most of them are very short. Women in the Tang Dynasty didn't care about remarriage, and the ruling and opposition parties didn't have big opinions on remarried women.

But the Song Dynasty was different. Women in Song Dynasty put great emphasis on three obedience and four virtues. Remarried women will be condemned by society and public opinion. There are many reasons for this difference, and the most important factor is the degree of ethnic integration. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were mostly conference semifinals. For example, Li Shimin had 1/8 conference semifinals.

Intermarriage between ethnic minorities and Han nationality was also common in the Tang Dynasty, which also promoted the formation of open style in the Tang Dynasty. Behind the Song Dynasty, there were all blood, tears and humiliation. The ethnic integration in the Song Dynasty was mostly through war, and the process was also humiliating. Therefore, the whole Song Dynasty hated northerners, especially the cultures of ethnic minorities.

Secondly, the living environment of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty was completely different. Chang 'an at that time was an international metropolis. During the Tang Dynasty, there were contacts with more than 300 countries, and there were more than 8,000 international students in Chang 'an. Let's look at the Song Dynasty again. Although the economy and culture are advanced and the military is not too weak, they are threatened by Xixia, Mongolia and other ethnic minorities.

Before the Southern Song Dynasty, it was not how to show the spirit of prosperity, but how to preserve strength. Therefore, most of the imperial palaces in the Song Dynasty were simple, and the society also advocated simplicity. In order to resist the invaders, the Song Dynasty could only achieve a high degree of ideological unity, and the Battle of Yashan was a manifestation.