The basic principle of Olson's net surplus model

The basic principle is that in the absence of "selective" incentives, individual enthusiasm is inversely proportional to the collective size.

Olson believes that collective action that benefits everyone is often difficult to achieve. In other words, participants in public activities tend to maximize their own behavior, and the so-called public interest without actors does not exist.

The traditional view is that "groups of individuals with the same interests usually try to promote these interests."