Music Knowledge

Music: expresses people's thoughts and feelings and reflects the social reality of life through vivid artistic artistic images. It can make us happy and sad. It meets the needs of people's aesthetics and cultivates people's sentiment. It is the language of the people in the world. * l# z4 Z$ c; y( z" j2 i9 s+ I9 H

The elements of the musical language: including melody, rhythm, beat, tempo, intensity, tone area, timbre, harmony, modulation, tonality and so on.

Melody is a series of musical notes of different lengths, heights, strengths and weaknesses in an organized manner. It is the foundation and soul of music.

Rhythm is the organized relationship between the lengths of the tones.

Metre is the regular alternation of strong and weak beats of equal duration.

Tempo is the speed or slowness of a musical progression.

Strength is the strength and weakness of a musical progression.

Tone range is the range of the human voice or music in a given piece. It is usually categorized into the treble, alto, and bass registers.

Timbre is the acoustic character of different vocals or instruments.

Harmonic modernity is the simultaneous combination of tones and their continuity.

Tuning refers to the formation of a system of several tones in a certain relationship and centered on one of the tones (the dominant), which is known as the tuning.

Tonality is the characteristic of a key.

Level tone: a tone that vibrates regularly and sounds distinctly high or low.

Noise: a tone that vibrates irregularly and does not sound distinctly high or low.

Musical tone system: the sum of musical tones used in music.

Levels: The individual tones in the musical tone system are called levels. It consists of basic and variable levels.

Semitone: On a piano keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two neighboring keys is a semitone.

Holophonic: On a piano keyboard, any pitch relationship between two keys separated by one key is a whole tone.

Tone name: The name of a tone. Indicated by C, D, E, F, G, A, B.

Singing name: the name used when singing music. Use do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si to sing.

Tone group: the seven basic levels are repeated in a cycle, resulting in many tones with the same name but different pitches, so they can be divided into groups, which are called tone groups.

Tone: the absolute height of each tone in the musical system. At present, the world's most widely used meter is the twelve equal temperament, in addition to the pure meter and the five degrees of phasing meter.

Twelve equal temperament: the octave is divided into twelve equal parts.

Base and overtones: When the string vibrates and sounds, not only the whole string vibrates, but also its second, third and fourth ...... sections. The sound produced by the vibration of the whole string, that is, the most clearly audible sound is called the fundamental tone; the sound produced by the vibration of the other segments, which is not easy to hear clearly, is called overtone.

Range: the range of pitches of a musical system, a human voice, a musical instrument, or a piece of music.

2. Rhythm and beat

Rhythm: the relationship between the length of the organization is called rhythm.

Rhythmic pattern: the typical rhythm in a musical composition.

Beat: the regular alternation of strong and weak beats of equal timing.

Beat: the unit of beat is called "beat", and the "beat" is organized according to a certain pattern of strength and weakness is called "beat".

Bar: The unit for calculating the name of the piece, the section and the length of the whole piece. (The beat is the basic unit of the measure).

Bar line: the line perpendicular to the staff before the strongest beat in the score is called the "bar line".

Paragraph line: the music is subdivided with "!!!" .

End line: the end of the piece is marked with "!". .

Beat number: a notation that indicates a beat.

Types of beat: 1. Single beat: a beat with two or three beats per measure.

2, compound beat: a combination of two or more single beats of the same type.

3, mixed beat: a combination of two or more different types of single beat.

4. Variable beat: two or more alternating beats.

Weak start: the piece does not start on a strong beat is called a weak start.

Syncopation: a tone that starts on a weak part of the beat and continues on a stronger part of the beat is called a "syncopation".

Special divisions of rhythm: 1. Triplets: the basic beat is divided equally into three parts.

2, five (six, seven, nine) legato: the basic beat is divided equally into five (six, seven, nine) parts.

3. Intervals

Intervals: The relationship between the height of two notes is called an interval.

Melodic intervals: two tones played successively are called melodic intervals.

Harmonic intervals: two tones played at the same time are called harmonic intervals.

Coronary and root tones: the high tone in an interval is called the coronal tone; the low tone is called the root tone.

Degrees of intervals: the number of lines and intervals contained in an interval on a pentatonic scale is called a degree.

The number of tones in an interval: the number of whole tones and semitones contained in an interval is called the number of tones).

Natural intervals: Pure intervals (pure 1st, pure 4th, pure 5th, pure 8th), major intervals (major 2nd, major 3rd, major 6th, major 7th), minor intervals (minor 2nd, minor 3rd, minor 6th, minor 7th), increasing 4ths, decreasing 5ths are called "natural intervals".

Pure first degree: the first degree with a note of zero. Minor second: the second degree of 1/2 of a tone.

Major second: a second whose note number is 1. Minor third: a second degree with a pitch number of 1 1/2.

Major third: a third with a note number of 2. Pure fourth: a fourth with a note number of 2 1/2.

Increased fourths: fourths with a pitch number of 3. Pure fifths: a fifth of 3 1/2.

Subtracted fifths: a fifth with a note number of 3. Major sixth: a sixth of 4 1/2.

Minor sixth: a sixth with a note number of 4. Major seventh: a seventh with a note number of 5 1/2.

Small seventh: a seventh with a note number of 5. Pure octave: an octave with a note number of 6.

Variable intervals: Except for augmented fourths and diminished fifths, all augmented, diminished, doubled, doubled and diminished intervals are called "variable intervals".

Incremental intervals: When major and pure intervals are increased by a semitone, they are called incremental intervals.

Decrescendo intervals: When minor and pure intervals are decreased by a semitone, they are called diminished intervals.

Doubling intervals: When the augmented and pure intervals are increased by a semitone, they are called doubling intervals.

Diminished intervals: When a diminished interval is decreased by a semitone, it is called a diminished interval.

Monophonic intervals: Intervals not exceeding an octave are called monophonic intervals.

Polyphonic intervals: intervals of more than an octave are called polyphonic intervals.

Equal intervals: when two intervals are listened to in isolation, intervals that have the same acoustic effect but are written differently and have different meanings are called equal intervals.

Transposition of intervals: the intervals in which the root and crown tones are interchanged.

The rules of interval transposition: 1, the degree of the transposed interval = 9 - the degree of the original interval; 2, pure intervals remain pure intervals after transposition; 3, major intervals become minor intervals after transposition; 4, minor intervals become major intervals after transposition; 5, augmented intervals become diminished intervals after transposition; 6, diminished intervals become augmented intervals after transposition; 7, doubled intervals become doubled diminished intervals after transposition; 8, multiply diminished intervals become multiplied intervals after transposition; 9, multiplied diminished intervals become multiplied intervals after transposition becomes a doubly augmented interval; 9. an augmented octave interval transposed is not a minus one degree, but a minus one octave; a doubly augmented octave interval transposed should be a doubly minus one octave.

Concordant intervals:1, very complete concordant intervals: that is, the sound is extremely blended pure one degree and pure octave. 2, complete concordant intervals: that is, the sound is blended pure fourths and pure fifths. 3, incomplete concordant intervals: that is, the sound is not very blended major and minor thirds, and major and minor sixes.

Discordant intervals: major and minor second, major and minor seventh, and all augmented, diminished, doubled, and doubled diminished intervals that do not sound integrated.

4. Chord

Chord: three or more notes of different pitches, combined according to certain rules, are called a chord.

Triads: Three tones are placed in a triadic relationship, which is called a triad. The three tones from the bottom up are called the root, the third and the fifth. Triads include major, minor, augmented and diminished triads.

Major triads: the root to the third is a major third, the third to the fifth is a minor third, and the root to the fifth is a pure fifth.

Minor triads: minor thirds from the root to the third, major thirds from the third to the fifth, and pure fifths from the root to the fifth.

Incremental triads: root to third and fifth are major thirds, root to fifth is an augmented fifth.

Subtracted triads: minor third from root to third and fifth, diminished fifth from root to fifth.

The seventh chord: a chord in which the four tones are placed in thirds is called a seventh chord. The four tones from the bottom up are called the root, the third, the fifth and the seventh. Seventh chords include the major seventh, minor seventh, diminished seventh, diminished seventh, augmented seventh, major seventh, minor major seventh chords and so on.

The minor seventh chord: a chord based on the major triad, with the root and seventh notes in minor seventh.

The minor seventh chord: a chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes in minor seventh.

Subtracted seventh chords: chords based on diminished triads, with root and seventh notes in minor seventh.

Subtracted seventh chords: chords based on diminished triads, with root and seventh notes in diminished seventh.

Major chord : chord based on the augmented triad, with root and seventh notes in major seventh.

Major 7th chord: chord based on the major triad, with root and seventh notes in major seventh.

Small major 7th chord: chord based on the minor triad, with root and seventh notes in major seventh.

Primary chords: chords in which the root note of the chord is the bass note are called primary chords.

Inverted chords: chords in which the third, fifth and seventh notes of the chord are the bass notes are called inverted chords.

Three chords have two inversions and seven chords have three.

The sixth chord: the first inversion of the triad, with the third as the bass.

The fourth-sixth chord: the second inversion of the triad, with the fifth as the bass note.

Fifth-sixth chord: first inversion of the seventh chord, with the third note as the bass.

Three-four chord: second inversion of the seventh chord, with the fifth as the bass note.

Third chord: third inversion of the seventh chord, with the seventh note as the bass.

5. Key and modulation

Modulation: a system of several tones in a certain relationship and centered on a certain tone (the dominant), this system is called modulation.

Major: the most stable tone in a key.

Major mode: A mode consisting of seven tones in which the stable tones form a major triad. Short for "major", including natural major, harmonic major, melodic major.

Natural major: the basic form of major, the most widely used.

Harmonic major: the VIth tone of natural major is lowered by a semitone.

Melodic major: the VI and VII of the natural major are both lowered by a semitone.

Minor mode: a mode consisting of seven tones, in which the stabilized tones are combined to form a minor triad. It is called "minor" for short, and includes natural minor, harmonic minor and melodic minor.

Natural minor: the basic form of the minor key.

Harmonic minor: the seventh semitone of the natural minor is raised by a semitone.

Melodic minor: elevates all the ⅥⅦ of the natural minor by a semitone.

Tune: The pitch position made up of the basic levels is called the key.

The key of C: The key made up of seven basic levels, with the dominant being C, is called the key of C.

The key of G: The key made up of seven basic pitches, with G as the dominant, is called the key of G.

The key of D: All the tones in the key of G are raised five degrees, and the dominant tone is D, which is called the key of D. The key of D is called the key of D. By analogy, you get the keys of A, E, B, #F, and #C.

The ascending key: The key sign of the keys of G, D, A, E, B, #F, #C, #G, #D, #A, #E, and #B is indicated by an ascending sign, so it is called the ascending key.

Flat keys: the key signatures of the keys of F, bB, bE, bA, bD, bG, bC, and bF are all represented by a descending sign, so they are called descending keys.

The cycle of fifths in a key: the cycle formed by arranging the keys in a pure fifth relationship.