What are the characteristics and customs of Xingning in Meizhou, Guangdong?

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1. Spring Festival Customarily known as the "New Year" is the grandest traditional folk festival of the people of Xingning, the New Year's Xingning people who go out to work will return home to celebrate the New Year. December 25 of the lunar calendar called "into the New Year Gua", people are busy preparing for the New Year food, New Year's goods and seasonal cakes and fruits, brewing rich Hakka characteristics of the "old wine", the production of glutinous rice to do the "Pan-fried piles Li " or "Golden Dumpling" (Ning Tong, Ningzhong, Ningxin and several other towns called "oil fruit", for white or do fasting called "cut pile"). Lunar December 25 Xingning people pay great attention to take the significance, can not curse, not allowed to speak unlucky words. As the saying goes: "into the annual trigrams, on the good words".

The first day of the first month. People early in the morning (zero hour), there are three animals, fruit cake, incense and candles to honor "Zhao Gongyuan Shuai", firecrackers to receive the "God of Fortune", so the New Year's Eve midnight firecrackers custom. At dawn, the clan gathered at the ancestral hall to worship their ancestors, a solemn ceremony. 50 years since, this custom has been gradually eliminated. The ceremony is also relatively simple, rarely a clan with the same sacrifice, but each village and each house respectively, most of the elders to participate in the ceremony, the young people rarely know the ceremony, the content.

The second and fourth days of the year are for visiting friends and relatives

The third day of the year is commonly known as the "Day of the Poor". This day people do not go out to guests. Now the old custom has changed, the first three as usual guests, and this day of recreational and sports activities, especially more.

The first five days of the first month called "out of the year Gua Gua", said the year has passed. As the saying goes, "the year after the first three or four, each playing ideas."

2. Appreciation of lanterns "Appreciation of lanterns" for Xingning, Wuhua part of the unique traditional festival, equivalent to the Lantern Festival. Time from the eighth to the sixteenth day of the first month, depending on the situation of the clans and villages, the first month of the eleventh and twelfth for the most. During the period in the "Lantern Appreciation" before the festival, there are "rising lanterns" (the fifth to the tenth of the first month), after the festival, there are "warm lanterns" (the sixteenth to the twenty-eighth of the first month).

The local customs

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Hakka houses

Xingning's north is mainly mountainous areas, its buildings are mainly four-cornered buildings, villages in a rectangular, two-storey structure; because of geography, villages are built alongside the mountains, there are generally also ponds, the old Hakka is typical of the self-sufficiency of the economy, there is no fishponds, it would be difficult to eat fish. According to the old man, the four corners of the building in the construction of the time, the cost is extremely amazing, especially for the construction of the wall and mud slurry, with all the glutinous rice paste! The resulting wall, extremely strong, general iron nails are difficult to nail into.

Xingning Hakka houses, mainly divided into the north and south of the mountain water two styles. The south side of the near water township, to the main structure of the Dragon House, the main structure is the Dragon House, there is a Wo Ping in front of the house, mainly used for sunbathing and other agricultural affairs and red and white celebrations, Wo Ping in front of the mouth of the pond, used for fish, laundry and fire prevention, in the summer, it became a paradise for children to splash in the water. In front of most villages there is a small river used for irrigation of farmland, in which there are fish and shrimps. Behind the houses there are dense bamboo forests belonging to private owners, which are inhabited by a variety of birds that live peacefully with the people.

People's Environment

The Hakka, a Han Chinese ethnic group that migrated southward gradually from the Yellow River Basin in history, and then mostly settled on the borders of Fujian, Guangdong, and Gan, speak the Hakka dialect and share similar folk cultures.

Xingning is now the territory of the ancient Baiyue tribes. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han Chinese have gradually moved southward, integrating with the local inhabitants. According to this China's 100 counties and cities national survey, Xingning now residents, the vast majority of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties through the migration and settlement in the descendants of the Central Plains immigrants. For thousands of years, Xingning Hakka ancestors inherited and carried forward the fine traditions of the Chinese nation, thorny, hard work, prosperity, in the Hakka land of the long years, the Central Plains culture and Lingnan ancient culture into one furnace, creating a brilliant local culture, molded into a Hakka spirit of local characteristics, spawned a number of famous Hakka representative figures.

1, the first section of the formation of the Hakka township

I, prehistoric culture

Chinese people *** and after the establishment of the country, in Xingning carried out three cultural relics census. 1959 in the town of Shui Kou lotus tree argosy found shovels, forks, go, spears, knives and other a number of stone tools, for the early Neolithic remains. 1982 in the town of yonghe revitalization of the management area of the Cat Ziyao Hill excavated a number of pottery jars and pottery shards, belonging to the Neolithic era. In 1982, a batch of ceramic pots and pieces of pottery were excavated in Cat Ziyao Mountain, Zhenxing Management Area, Yonghe Town, which were the remains of the middle and late Neolithic; in the same year, a batch of ceramic pieces and stone tools were collected in Dawoli, Zhongdian, Ye'nan Town, which were the remains of the late Neolithic. Until the 80's, Xingning territory **** found more than 30 Neolithic sites. The Xingning Museum has a collection of more than 190 pieces of various stone tools unearthed from the above sites and 9 complete meat jars. These unearthed artifacts and sites show that as early as 7,000 to 8,000 years ago, Xingning has been inhabited by ancient mankind. From the use of stone tools, pottery and pottery patterns on the view, at that time has formed the agriculture and animal husbandry, there has been a more reliable source of means of subsistence.

I, hard work, hard work spirit

In the process of moving south, the Central Plains immigrants have gone through a lot of hardship, honed a strong will. After coming to Xingning, in this remote and barren, sparsely populated mountainous areas, in order to survive and develop, regardless of men and women, old and young, all together, reclaiming arable land, Buzhu settlement, create a family business. During the busy farming season, when there was a little time to spare, they engaged in handmade production, so that many villages now carry the names of traditional products, such as "Somaro," "Ink Smoke Jang," and "Flower Lantern Jang, Boudi Diao", "Bao Yin Wang", "Vegetable Basket Chen", etc. Hakka women, in particular, have changed their ways of life. Especially Hakka women, contrary to the custom of foot-binding in the society at that time, took on farming, side work and housework, forming the fashion of "women plowing the fields at home and men going out to make money". The important position of Hakka women in production and labor and their hardworking spirit is rare in China and abroad. It is to modern times is still the same. In the people's communalization period, Xingning production team leader, women accounted for more than 80%, some production brigade, production team leader is 100% women.

Second, the courage to explore, the spirit of adventure

Xingning people are adventurous by nature. When men reach a certain age, they go out to make a living, and very few of them stay at home. Nearby to neighboring counties, neighboring provinces as hawkers, industry handcrafts; far across the ocean, "tie a belt out" (Xingning proverb), make a living, start a new business, all full of adventurous spirit.

After the Opium War, Xingning began to people far away from the ocean, go out to make a living. Among them, some of the colonialists in Shantou, Hong Kong and other places to set up a "piggy bank" abducted and transported to foreign countries to serve as laborers, then called "piggy bank". There are more than 300,000 Xingning overseas Chinese, ethnic Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots living in the world. They are looking for a way to make a living, embracing the four directions of the will, to Haixi) "break into the world". Once they have a little savings, they want to benefit the Sangchu, show their relatives and make a name for themselves. They started their careers overseas, promoting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and struggling with the people of the overseas countries, for the progress of the world and civilization has made an indelible contribution.

Three, respect for science and technology, the spirit of innovation and creation

Xingning people are more like to win, folk saying "hard to do the winning" and other words, which shows that it has a defiant, unwilling to lag behind the character, coupled with the second inhabitants of the cultural quality of more away from the workers, in the field, in the business and other activities, to receive a lot of information, resulting in a lot of people in innovation and creativity in history. There are many people in the innovation and creation of excellent results. For example, during the reign of Qing Xianfeng, Xingning Luo Qinghui compiled "Luo family book" (calendar), by the Qing government "permission" in the folk published. Qing Xianfeng years and Guangxu years, skilled craftsmen such as Chen Huanglou, two major reforms of the wooden loom, the development of the weaving industry. Qing Xuantong two years (1910), was awarded by the Qing government "China's new microscope manufacturer" title of Xingning Sericulture School teacher Li Ren Chong, developed microscopes, 'celestial telescope and binoculars. During the Republic of China, the famous seismologist, former Xingning Xingmin Middle School teacher Li Shanbang, created China's first seismic observatory, and later developed a successful large-scale seismograph, laying the foundation for the new China earthquake research. After the establishment of the Chinese people **** and the country, Xingning fish hatchery fish hatchery technology jumped to the world's advanced level, Longbei Iron and Steel Works, white coal ironmaking technology won the China Science and Technology Conference major scientific and technological achievements. The whole Xingning industrial products won the Ministry, the provincial quality product title up to 36 kinds.

Four, anti-invasion and anti-oppression, patriotism and love of the revolutionary spirit

The Hakka ancestors of several large-scale southward migration, are in the case of national conflicts and class conflicts intensified. Therefore, the Hakka people's national consciousness and patriotic spirit of love for their homeland is particularly strong, there is no shortage of examples of this in history. The Southern Song Dynasty was not years, the right prime minister Wen Tianxiang (Jiangxi Ji'an Hakka) had Xingning County, the western suburbs of the city as a base camp, calling on the people to work hard against the Yuan. In the Yuan pursuers before the imminent arrival, but also wrote each 1.5 meters square "loyalty, filial piety, honesty and integrity" 4 big words. Later, the villagers in order to commemorate the national heroes, the collection of funds to build the "Chaotian Ancestral Hall", the Wen Tianxiang handwritten 4 words embedded in the Tong Nei wall on both sides, and at the same time, the name of this place is named "Chaotian around". After the death of the Ming Dynasty, the people of Xingning to support the Southern Ming regime against the Qing Dynasty for seven or eight years. Qing Guangxu 27 years (1901) in the fall, Xingning "three points will be", the leader Pan Yaxing led a peasant uprising, burning foreign churches, resistance to the Qing officials and soldiers, the uprising spread to the neighboring counties of Wuhua, Longchuan. May 18, 1949, the National Government of Guangdong Province, the Ninth District of the Commissioner of the administrative inspector and Security Commander Li Jiezhi (Xingning) in the *** *** South China Branch, with the help of the National Government of Guangdong Province. ** South China Branch with the help of leading the uprising, Xingning was liberated. In order to the liberation of the Chinese nation, in order to the construction of a new China, the people of Xingning went forward and backward, struggling endlessly, there are a number of excellent) sons and daughters sacrificed their precious lives.

Savory snacks

Clarification: the northern people called "cake" wet flour products Hakka people called "board", Hakka people say "cake" is a cookie.

Smashed Brown

If you understand that smashed means pressed in Hakka, you probably already know that this is pressed brown, and that's right! The glutinous rice is compacted in a wooden grid and placed in a frying pan to be deep-fried, and let me trust your wisdom once again, as you understand from the picture, you must keep turning it over to make the smashed brown become golden brown. Softness and flavor are the hallmarks of smashing, and if you're worried about the little peas, I'd say you're right too, just a shame.

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