Characteristics of grand narrative creation in revolutionary history

"Epic" is the pursuit of many contemporary novelists, and it is also used by critics to evaluate some novels.

Reach the important scale of ideological and artistic height. This creative pursuit comes from contemporary novel writers who act as "clubs"

Will historians ",reproduce the whole process of social deeds, grasp the desire of" spirit of the times "(in fact, not only the dragon, a.

Some narrative poems and dramas also show a similar trend. This "grand narrative" art of China's modern novels.

The trend already existed in the 1930s. Mao Dun is "describing the social phenomenon in China on a large scale" and "reflecting this".

A period of "the whole face of China revolution" conscious writer. This artistic goal was later continued. This kind of art

The pursuit of art and concrete artistic experience are more from the realistic novels of Russia, France and other countries in the19th century and the Soviet Union in the 20th century.

A long story about revolutionary movements and wars. In 1950s, writers' consciousness of "times" was enhanced, which was embodied as "Wei".

Great era ",writing" epic "works has become the lofty responsibility of most ambitious writers. This is the display "

It is also reflected in the creation of real life, such as Liu Qing's History of Entrepreneurship, but the most important "realization" is "

In the creation of revolutionary historical themes. The "epic" in contemporary novels is mainly manifested in revealing "history books"

The goal of quality, the broad span and scale of time and space in structure, and the addition of major historical facts in artistic fiction, and

The shaping of heroic image and the tone of heroism. Dragon's Defending Yan 'an, Red Sun, Red Flag Spectrum and Red Flag

Rock and Roll, Three Alleys and Hard Struggle with the theme of "Romantic Generation" all show the writer's creative pursuit.

Beg.

Among the revolutionary historical novels, the first one is about the victory of the revolution, that is, the war in the late 1940s.

. Du Pengcheng (Note: Du Pengcheng (1921-kloc-0/991) is from Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province. 1938 went to Yan' an to participate in the revolution. /kloc-within 0/946 years

After the war began, he served as a reporter for the People's Liberation Army. In the 1950s, I lived in a railway site in the northwest. In addition to "guarantee"

In addition to Wei Yanan, there are novella On a Peaceful Day, short stories Night on the Construction Site and Night in Lingguan Gorge.

Yan' an and others. Defending Yan 'an is the earliest novel evaluated by critics from the angle of "epic".

After the first edition of 1954 was published, Feng Xuefeng called it "enough to say that this time it described great historical significance"

The famous epic of heroic war. Or, from a higher requirement, it can be processed from this work.

In a sense, it can always be the first draft of such a heroic epic "(Note:" On the Contribution and Importance of Defending Yan 'an ")

Essence, Literary Newspaper,No. 14 andNo. 2006-2007. 15, 1954.)。 Defending Yan 'an is based on the materials of northern Shaanxi 1947 from March to September.

Yan' an War-Hu Zongnan led the Kuomintang troops to attack Yan' an, and Peng voluntarily gave up Yan' an and

The recovery of Yan 'an. Among them, the battles of Qinghuabian, panlong town and Shajiadian are the focus of description. After the first edition, make

The second and third editions were published in 1956 and 1958 respectively. By grasping the "overall situation of war"

According to the specific and local wars and the activities of characters, it is the overall idea of the work. The novel regards it as a single ideology.

Angle, and continue to tense rhythm, efforts to shape the Dayong Zhou, Li Cheng, Wang Laohu and other fearless heroic images, and

For the protagonist, the adversity of "testing" the will to fight by hard struggle, retreat and bleeding to death is arranged, so that the novel is guaranteed from beginning to end.

High heroic spirit. In fictional artistic texts, influential historical figures (in this case, senior generals)

Peng), as an artistic image, is rare in China's modern novels, but it has been criticized by critics.

Attention. However, in the case that contemporary art fiction and "real life" are often not distinguished (the film Wu Xunchuan

Criticism has clearly demonstrated this aesthetic logic), and this "creativity" also contains possible "danger"

. 1959, after Peng became a "right opportunist" and was demoted, this novel was co-written with Peng.

Will also fall into a long-term dilemma. (Note: After the third edition, this book will no longer be published. 1September 2, 963,

The Ministry of Culture issued a secret notice instructing all localities to "immediately stop selling and borrowing" to defend Yan 'an. Reissued the following year

A "supplementary notice" was issued, and the disposal of this novel was changed to "destroy it on the spot" and "no need to seal it up". During the Cultural Revolution

Repeatedly criticized. )

Wu Qiang (Note: Wu Qiang (19 10- 1990) is a native of Lianshui County, Jiangsu Province. He started his literary activities in 1930s and joined the Left Alliance. 1

1938 joined the new fourth army and engaged in cultural propaganda. In addition to The Red Sun, another novel Fortress was published. ) of

The Red Sun also combines the real war history (1the battles of Lianshui, Laiwu and Menglianggu in Shandong in the early 1940s) with art.

Combine fiction. The way the story unfolds and the specific description of the characters' activities are all based on the power of the "teacher of justice"

Revealing the source and answering the foundation of victory-this is also the main theme of most revolutionary historical novels.

In the novels representing the civil war in the 1940s, critics generally think that they are better than defending Yan 'an in terms of ideology and art..

Significant progress has been made. The main reason is that all aspects of war life have a relatively open display: not just writing.

To all aspects of the army, divisions, regiments and even ordinary soldiers, also refers to integration of defense and civilian technologies, in front and behind.

The artistic conception of "horizontal expansion" which links the commanders' war behavior with their daily life shows the influence on society.

Grasp the intention of the whole life. Secondly, when portraying characters, writers realize the importance of "richness" of characters.

On the premise of maintaining (or not damaging) the "class nature" of personality, the portrayal of thoughts, feelings and psychological activities has been strengthened.

And among the characters of the same type, it is endowed with comparative characteristics that are different from them, such as perseverance, rigor and cheerfulness, and sense of humor.

. On the basis of adhering to the opposite structure of "positive characters" and "negative characters", the novel has a profound understanding of "negative images" (Shen Ling

Just wait) also avoid caricature, and do not shy away from showing their talents when describing their "essence" such as reaction and hypocrisy.

Strategy. All this is to "deter the die-hards, punish evil and promote good" and highlight "the ugly faces of reactionary figures" (

Note: Preface to the revised edition of Red Sun by Wu Qiang, China Youth Publishing House, 1959. )。

In revolutionary historical novels, Liang Bin (note: Liang Bin (19 14- 1996) was born in Lixian County, Hebei Province. Went to middle school in the late 1920s.

, began to participate in the revolutionary movement led by * * *. During the Anti-Japanese War and the late 1940s, he was mainly engaged in literary propaganda in central Hebei.

And local governments. In addition to the "Red Flag Spectrum" and other long stories, there are also long stories. ) Red Flag Spectrum

"And Ouyang Shan's" Three Hutongs "(and" Struggle ",etc. ) is a narrative of the "origin" of the revolution. The origin of this revolution is

One of the established themes of revolutionary historical novels. In some novels, it is through the participants of the revolution (mainly workers and peasants)

People) into the performance of the psychological motivation of revolutionary life, and in novels such as "Red Flag", there is a direct description.

The earliest brewing and development of revolutionary movements in rural and urban areas in the 1920s and 1930s. According to Liang Bin's memory, in order to write

"Red Flag", he has a long time to prepare (Note: See "On the Creation of The Red Flag")

Dai Xu), China Youth Publishing House, 1959. )。 In the writer's view, "epic" summarizes the farmers in China.

The life and destiny in the period of "democratic revolution" need to arrange a fairly broad life picture and a long scroll structure.

. Therefore, this novel is conceived as a multi-volume book. The first Red Flag Spectrum (1958) was written in Baoding, Hebei Province in the early 1930s.

The "anti-beheading tax" struggle initiated by the rural and student movements of Baoding No.2 Division. The second book, The Story of Fire (1963), focuses on occurrence.

Korean riots 1932. The third "Fog City Map" (1983) describes the struggle in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression since the beginning of Fog City. bright red

The life experiences of Lao Zhong, Yan Zhi and two generations are the main lines of various ministries, and they are the "great events" that happened at this time.

, organized into the central plot of each volume in chronological order. Like the history of entrepreneurship, Red Flag has an independent beginning.

Zhang's Wedge (The History of Entrepreneurship is Ming) tells the story of the struggle of the hero or his ancestors: the older generation of farmers.

Husband Zhu and Yan's fellow villagers made a scene in Liulin Town, shirtless, and desperately holding a hay cutter. Zhu Laoming went to court and filed a lawsuit with the landlord.

But "everything is doomed to failure." This provides a foreshadowing and contrast for the "text": their descendants have ties with the party,

After the party taught them to unite with the masses and take the road of mass line, the struggle finally won a great victory.

Through this structural arrangement, the novel completes such a "narrative": "The farmers in China are only under the leadership of the * * * production party.

Only in this way can we unite better, defeat class enemies and liberate ourselves. (Note: See "On the Creation of Red Flag Spectrum".

Zuo (preface to Red Flag Spectrum), China Youth Publishing House, 1959. ) In Red Flag, this theme

, mainly through the "growth" of Zhu Laozhong and other figures (from hatred and resistance to traditional farmers to the acquisition of "times"

And the ideal and collectivism spirit endowed by proletarian political parties. For Zhu Laozhong and others, critics at that time

It is not only regarded as a symbol of the outstanding achievements of the novel, but also an important achievement of contemporary literature in characterization. This novel is very important to this man.

The creation of things conforms to the basic law of contemporary "hero" creation: first, the characters are in the whole novel.

The position of the heart is the connotation of the class and times contained in the character's personality, and it is also a perfect ideal requirement.

"Red Flag Spectrum" has its own description of the "development law" of peasant revolution and peasant heroic character in modern China.

Some "uniqueness" of. The author is looking for the connection between ideas, the theme of class struggle, rural customs and traditional texts.

This is summarized by him as an exploration of the novel "national spirit". This includes the "ginger" character in "bold and chivalrous".

The charm of the lake also includes the "national color" of life scenes and text structure. This connection, although mainly considered to be

The expression of ideas and themes, but sometimes it will make the narrative "escape" from ideas and themes, and make some in others.

Expressions about people's desires, daily life, customs, rituals, etc. Those who are drowned in the text by the major events of class struggle have the following points.

What will happen. China's classical novels (Water Margin, etc.). ) provides reference in the expression method of Red Flag.

Also participated in the composition of characters' personalities and behaviors. The use of folk language in this respect also strengthens the expressive force of the novel.

The historical continuity of life relieves the hardness and tension of concept and theme interpretation to some extent.