The name and basic skills of Wushu

Preparation posture: feet open left and right, fists around waist, fists up.

2. Boxing

Ready posture: the same punch

Step 3 push hands

4, bright palm

Action description: Shake your wrists, shine your palms, raise your arms above your head in an arc, and look to the left.

Step 5 press the shoulder

Preparatory posture: step and stand. ?

Description: Grasp the ribs with both hands, lean forward with your upper body and press your shoulders down. You can also stand face to face, hug each other's shoulders and do the vibration shoulder pressing action of bending forward; You can also do activities and shoulder pressing exercises with the help of an assistant.

Key points: hold your chest and bend your waist, straighten your arms and legs, gradually increase the amplitude, focus on your shoulders, and the external force will change from small to large. ? Error-prone: the shoulder pressure is small and it can't be pulled open. ?

Step 6 insult

Preparatory posture: step and stand.

Action description: do a left lunge, at the same time, the right palm extends forward and downward, and the left palm is inserted inward at the right elbow joint; Continue to move up and make a right lunge. At the same time, the right arm swings to the upper right and the left palm is lowered to the lower left.

Extended information: the origin and development of Wushu

The origin and development of China Wushu has a long history in China, and so does China Wushu. It originated from the productive labor of China ancestors, and developed the techniques of chopping, chopping and stabbing, which is the basis of the origin and development of China Wushu. As a social culture, China Wushu came into being at the same time as Chinese civilization. Click to read the origin and development of China Wushu.

The Origin and Development of Wushu

China Wushu is a sport gradually formed and developed by the Chinese nation in the long-term productive labor, struggle with nature and war in the era of cold weapons. It has the functions of keeping fit, strengthening the body, preventing the enemy and winning. The origin of China Wushu can be traced back to primitive society.

As early as tens of thousands of years ago in primitive society, there were many animals and few people, and the natural environment was very bad. In the harsh struggle of "natural selection, survival of the fittest", people naturally produced primary offensive and defensive means such as punching and kicking, scratching and slapping, jumping and rolling. Later, I gradually learned to make and use stone or wooden tools as weapons, and unarmed and instruments produced some fighting and killing skills, which is the bud of martial arts.

From the existing archaeological discoveries, in the Paleolithic Age, pointed stone tools, stone balls, stone hand axes and spears used to process bone angles have appeared; By the end of the Neolithic Age, a large number of stone axes, shovels, knives, harpoons, arrows and even bronze cymbals and axes appeared. These primitive production tools and weapons later became the forerunners of martial arts instruments.

At the end of primitive society, frequent tribal wars further promoted the development of Wushu. In tribal wars, bows and arrows and throwers are far used, while sticks, knives, axes and long weapons are near. Any production tool that can be used for capture and combat has become a combat weapon. The war practice of society puts forward the requirements of military skills for people.

So people constantly sum up the offensive and defensive skills and experience gained from war practice. And handed down from generation to generation. The earliest martial artist Chiyou appeared in this period. At this time, Chiyou invented all kinds of weapons, some of which have evolved to this day.

Entering the class society, with the development of productive forces and the improvement of weapons, Wushu has also entered a new stage of development. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, due to the development of bronze industry, excellent weapons such as spears, daggers, halberds, axes, cymbals, knives and swords appeared, as well as the use methods of these instruments, and there were competitions to compete for martial arts. At that time, Wushu was mostly called "unarmed", "unarmed" and "thigh arm".

According to historical records, Jie and Wu Yi are all technical experts in catching wild animals with their bare hands. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were disputes among governors and wars were very frequent. Martial arts fighting has been attached importance to and developed rapidly in the army and the people. At this time, the appearance of ironware and the rise of cavalry make the content of weapons richer, not only with excellent quality, but also with various lengths and shapes, which further highlights the offensive and defensive nature of martial arts.

At the same time, the fitness function of Wushu has also been paid attention to. At this time, Wushu competitions have become very common, paying great attention to offensive and defensive skills, and there have also been attacks, defenses, counterattacks, feints and so on. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, China had a relatively mature record of the theory of fighting and attacking, and put forward the viewpoint of integrating inside and outside, with both form and spirit.

It can be seen that Wushu at that time has gradually developed from a simple attack and defense action to a routine form that can be practiced alone.

The Han Dynasty is a period of great development of Wushu, and routine sports such as sword dance, sword dance and double halberd dance often appear at court banquets, such as solo dance, duet or group dance. The unarmed boxing performances and competitions are also highly valued by the rulers. Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded in Hanshu that Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty was a fan of "border drama", saying that he "liked both refined and popular tastes, so he could observe the border and shoot martial arts".

Wu Zhi personnel in the Han Dynasty were also selected through "trial lifting" (boxing assessment). In addition to practical skills such as "self-defense to kill the enemy" and "winning the offensive and defensive", there are ornamental and fitness pictographic dances in the Han Dynasty, such as "monkey dance", "dog fighting dance", "drunken dance", "six-bird play" and "five-bird play". These can be regarded as early pictographic boxing books. During this period, martial arts works also increased significantly.

Only Hanshu? Yiwenzhi includes 38 articles on kendo and 6 articles on handball, all of which are monographs on "the way of attack and defense".

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Wushu developed further. In the Tang Dynasty, the martial arts system was implemented, and excellent martial arts talents were selected through examinations, which promoted the folk and official martial arts training activities from the policy.

Shaolin Temple, which was famous for its martial arts at the end of Sui Dynasty, became more famous during the Tang Wude period (6 18-626) because it helped pacify the separatist king at the end of Sui Dynasty, and the government allowed it to set up its own camp and practice monk soldiers. At one time, there were more than 2,000 monks, and the wind of practicing martial arts gradually flourished.

During the Song Dynasty, there were frequent internal and external troubles, and the general public often formed associations to practice martial arts in order to protect themselves. For example, "Jiaojiao Club", "Shadow Club" and "Bow Club" are all relatively large folk martial arts organizations. The word "eighteen martial arts" also appeared in the classics of the Song Dynasty. According to Song Dynasty's Journey to the North in Cuiwei, "I heard that there are six weapons in thirty, the bow is the first, and the martial arts is eight out of ten, and the bow is the first.

"This article is intended to emphasize the importance of bows and arrows in the battle, but it has already reflected that there were far more than 18 kinds of weapons at that time. We can get a glimpse of the development of Wushu in the Song Dynasty from several ancient novels, such as Yue Quanzhuan, Yang Jiajiang and Water Margin. , are describing many outstanding men and women with high martial arts and unique kung fu.

In the Yuan Dynasty, due to the sharp ethnic contradictions, Mongolian rulers restricted folk martial arts, many martial artists remained anonymous, and martial arts organizations turned into secret folk organizations, which greatly inhibited the development of martial arts. The Ming Dynasty is an era of all-round development of China Wushu. Ming Taizu Xian Yuanzhang advocated that "military commanders should learn etiquette, while literati should learn riding and shooting".

In this way, in the Ming Dynasty, there were not only more boxing methods, but also more colorful equipment routines, and they also began to have powerful methods and boxing scores. Due to the omnipotence of martial arts in the Ming Dynasty, martial artists wrote books with pictures and texts, which reached the pinnacle, preserved precious martial arts heritage and provided an important basis for future generations to study martial arts.

According to statistics, important monographs include Qi Jiguang's Ji Xiaoxin's Letter, Wu Debate, He's Zhan Ji and Mao's Wu Beizhi.

During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, the martial arts activities in the Qing Dynasty were not as good as those in the Ming Dynasty because Manchu nobles restricted martial arts in order to maintain their dominance. However, due to the broad mass base of Wushu among the people, and the existence of many anti-Qing organizations at that time, the folk practiced Wushu in an attempt to overthrow the Manchu rule, which made the martial arts schools in the world more colorful.

There are southern schools and northern schools in the region, Shaolin and Wutangmen in the mountains and rivers, external skills of Buddhism and internal skills of Taoism in the religion, and Taiji Gate, Xingyimen, Baguamen, Jimimen, Changquan Class and Bentu Class in the categories. There are many schools of Wushu, which symbolize the prosperity of Wushu. However, there are also shortcomings that lack of communication between factions cannot make up for each other.

During the Republic of China, due to the development of society and the wide use of firearms, the fitness function of Wushu became more clear, mainly in the form of sports in social life.

After the founding of New China, the Party and the government cared about people's health and attached importance to the inheritance and development of excellent national cultural heritage. They not only hold regular Wushu presentation performances, but also set up Wushu majors in normal universities and physical education institutes, and organize professionals to learn from others on the basis of inheriting traditional boxing methods, and sort out and simplify Tai Ji Chuan, intermediate Changquan, primary Changquan and equipment routines.

These measures have greatly promoted the popularization and research of Wushu and made Wushu develop by leaps and bounds. Whether in urban or rural areas, mass Wushu is widely promoted. Especially in recent years, Wushu routines have made great improvements and breakthroughs in technical style, structural layout, quality and difficulty. There is also the team competition, which is a new achievement in the history of Wushu development.

Wushu _ Baidu Encyclopedia