Principles and methods of warehouse location

The knowledge criterion of multi-candidate optimal warehouse location and distribution optimization is put forward, and the corresponding decision model and solution algorithm are established. Below I will solve the principles and methods of warehouse location for you, hoping to help you.

Principles and methods of warehouse location 1, adaptability principle

The location of warehouses should be adapted to the industrial orientation and development strategy of countries and regions, and to the distribution and demand of national resources.

Seek the distribution mode that adapts to the national economic and social development.

2, the principle of coordination

The location of the warehouse should consider the national logistics network as a large system, so that the facilities and equipment of the warehouse can be divided into regions.

Coordination of productivity and technical level of cloth and logistics operations.

3, the principle of economy

The result of site selection is to ensure the lowest construction cost and logistics cost, such as in urban areas, suburbs or near ports.

Or station, etc. We should consider not only the land cost, but also the future transportation cost.

4. Strategic principles

Is to have a big picture, one is to consider the overall situation, and the other is to consider the long-term. Have a strategic vision and obey local interests.

Overall interests, immediate interests should be subordinated to long-term interests, and problems should be viewed from a developmental perspective.

5, the principle of sustainable development

Mainly refers to environmental protection, giving full consideration to long-term interests, maintaining the ecological environment and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas.

A building that stores goods in a planned space environment. Warehouse building has a long history. Modern warehouses pay more attention to business income, not just for storage, which is different from old warehouses. Therefore, modern warehouses attach importance to the rational layout of channels, the distribution of goods and the maximum height of accumulation from the aspects of transportation turnover, storage methods and building facilities, and allocate economical and effective mechanized and automated access facilities to improve storage capacity and work efficiency. The warehouse consists of warehouses for storing articles and transportation facilities (such as cranes, elevators, slides, etc.). ), transportation pipes and equipment in and out of the warehouse, fire control facilities, management rooms, etc.

Warehouse location classification single-storey warehouse

Suitable for storing metal materials, building materials, ores, mechanical products, vehicles, oils, chemical raw materials, wood and its products. Single-storey buildings are often used in water transport terminal warehouses, railway transport warehouses and air transport warehouses to speed up loading and unloading.

Multi-storey warehouse

General storage of department stores, electronic equipment, food, rubber products, medicines, medical devices, chemicals, stationery and instruments. There should be a loading and unloading site on the basement level, and loading and unloading vehicles can enter directly. The vertical transportation of goods generally adopts a freight elevator of 1.5~5 tons. It should be considered that the loading trolley or forklift can drive into the elevator room to speed up the loading and unloading.

Cylindrical warehouse

Generally, bulk cement, dry slag, fly ash, bulk grain, lime, oil, gas and other gases are stored. The architectural design of cylindrical warehouse is determined according to the type of goods stored and the way of loading and unloading. The top, wall and bottom of the reservoir must be waterproof and moisture-proof, and the top of the reservoir should have a dust suction device. In order to facilitate daily maintenance, it is necessary to set hanging holes, manholes (ladders are arranged on the warehouse wall), measuring holes and hooks.

Bonded warehouse for storage and transportation

Refers to the warehouse where bonded import and export goods are stored with the approval of the customs for the convenience of warehousing and cargo transportation. The goods stored in the warehouse can be exempted from import and export tax when they are imported, stored and transported for export, but the goods must be kept in their original state and cannot be processed.

Warehouse Location Strategy (1) Market Positioning Strategy

Market positioning strategy refers to choosing the warehouse closest to the end user. The geographical location of the warehouse is close to the main customers, which will increase the supply distance of suppliers, but will shorten the distance from secondary transportation to customers, thus improving the customer service level.

Market positioning strategy is most commonly used in the construction of food distribution warehouse, which is usually close to the supermarket center, so as to realize the economy of multi-variety and small batch replenishment. In the production logistics system of manufacturing industry, do you also need to store parts or common tools next to the production line? Market positioning strategy? Can this application be guaranteed? Timely delivery? .

The factors that affect the location of this warehouse mainly include transportation cost, order cycle, product sensitivity, order size, availability of local transportation and the level of customer service to be achieved.

(2) Manufacturing positioning strategy (production positioning strategy)

The manufacturing positioning strategy refers to selecting the warehouse near the place of origin, which is usually used to collect and transport the finished products of the manufacturer. Finished products are moved from factories to such warehouses, and various commodities are transported from warehouses to customers. The basic function of these warehouses is to support manufacturers to transport finished products at freight rates.

For enterprises with many kinds of products, the economy of finished product transportation comes from large vehicles and container transportation; At the same time, if a manufacturer can use this warehouse to provide services to customers at the transportation speed of a single order, it can also produce competitive differentiation advantages.

The factors that affect the location of this warehouse mainly include the storage time of raw materials, the number of products in the finished product portfolio, the types of products ordered by customers and the transportation consolidation rate.

(C) Intermediate positioning strategy

The intermediate positioning strategy refers to the selection of warehouses at the midpoint between end users and manufacturers. The customer service level of intermediate positioning warehouse is usually higher than that of manufacturing positioning warehouse, but lower than that of market positioning warehouse. If enterprises must provide products with high service level and made by several suppliers, they need to adopt this strategy to provide customers with inventory replenishment and container transportation services.

The factors to be considered in warehouse location are simple in some cases, but extremely complicated in other cases, especially the strategic reserve warehouse location related to the national economy and people's livelihood.