Economy of Dongshan County

During the Republican period, the arable land in Dongshan County was still privately owned, and the amount occupied by each class was very uneven, with a few landowners and rich peasants occupying more per capita and the masses of peasants occupying very little per capita. At that time, agricultural production is decentralized individual management. In addition to the landlords, rich peasants rent land or hire workers to farm, other arable land occupants generally own farm equipment, cattle, seedlings, labor production in the household as a unit, there are also hired workers; products, in addition to the payment of land tax, pay the wages of hired workers, to their own ownership.

Peasants encountered natural disasters and illnesses, they had to borrow usurious loans from rich families and were exploited by them. in August 1950, the county people's government led the peasants to carry out rent and interest reductions. from January 1951, the county carried out land reform in three batches. In the land reform, the townships organized farmers' associations, mobilized the peasants to accuse the landlords of oppression and exploitation, fought against the unscrupulous landlords who resisted the land reform, confiscated the landlords' land and other properties, and distributed the land to the landless peasants who had no land and lacked land.

The land reform abolished the feudal system of private ownership of land and realized the right to farm. Peasants raised their own funds, purchased their own agricultural tools, and produced on their allocated farmland, no longer subject to exploitation, and their motivation increased, boosting production.In 1951, the county's grain output was 15,011,300 kilograms, an increase of 9.5 percent over the 1950 output.

In November 1951, farmers set up the county's first agricultural production mutual aid group (perennial). Subsequently, the organization of mutual aid groups developed rapidly, and in 1952 there were 218 groups in the county with 1,570 participants. By 1954, there were 432 groups, with 4,512 households participating (except for the primary societies formed by the mutual aid groups).

The establishment of mutual aid groups has boosted production. In the first year of the establishment of mutual aid groups (1952), grain production increased by more than 30 percent over the previous year.

In January 1953, the mutual aid groups were merged to form the first primary agricultural production cooperative in the county, which had a management committee democratically elected by the general meeting of the members, with the posts of president, vice-president and accountant.　　The primary cooperatives practiced the sharing of arable land into shares and the distribution of dividends. The proportion of arable land dividends to its assessed output was 40% for top-grade arable land, 30% for middle-grade arable land, and 20% for lower-grade arable land. After deducting the dividends from the farmland, the harvested output is distributed according to the members' labor points (and the labor points of fertilizer input). The Primary Commune implemented the management of agricultural work quotas, assessed labor points, unified arrangements for crop cultivation, and a variety of business.

Since 1956, the primary societies have been merged and transferred to senior societies. The senior community by the members of the representatives (elected by the production team members of the General Assembly) General Assembly elected a management committee, set up a president, vice-president, accountant and other positions, the establishment of production technology group, labor management group, fertilizer management group, financial management group, and so on. The society is divided into a number of production teams, and the general meeting of the members elects the captain, vice-captain and financial assistant.

The Senior Commune practiced collective ownership of farmland. The farmland is no longer divided into dividends, and the farm oxen and large agricultural tools of each household are returned to the society at a discounted price, and after the price is paid into the society's share fund, the rest is paid back in installments. 16-60 year old male members of the society, and 16-55 year old female members of the society (except for school students or the disabled) are all designated as the labor force. Each laborer is assessed according to his or her physical strength and is paid into a share fund (shares for the public ownership of fixed assets and shares for production costs).

In 1957, the county's senior societies year-end earnings distribution accounts data are as follows: total income of 4,636,400 yuan (an increase of 750,800 yuan over the previous year), the cost of 1,348,400 yuan (an increase of 407,800 yuan over the previous year), accounting for 29.09% of the total income; taxes of 374,800 yuan (an increase of 84,900 yuan over the previous year), accounting for 8.08% of the total income; the provident fund and public welfare fund of 349,000 yuan (an increase of 254,400 yuan over the previous year), accounting for 7.52% of the total income; 2,564,200 yuan (an increase of 0.38 million yuan over the previous year), accounting for 55.31% of the total income; every 10 laborers' share of 0.52 yuan (flat compared with the previous year); the per capita share of 40.21 yuan (a decrease of 5.32 yuan compared with the previous year), 219 kilograms of food rations (46 kilograms less than the previous year). Settlement of overspending 6623 households, arrears of 140,200 yuan, the remaining 2003 households 194,600 yuan.

September 16, 1958, the establishment of Dongshan County People's Commune Committee, elected Fan Shenglin as president of Dongshan County People's Commune. Subsequently, the establishment of Chengguan, Xipu, Kangmei, Xingcheng and Chencheng People's Commune, Dongshan County People's Commune was renamed Union. The people's commune was a united society, integrating industry, agriculture, commerce, academia and the military. The senior cooperatives became the production brigades of the people's communes.

1958～1960, emphasizing the "one big two public", change the management of senior cooperatives, scrape "**** production wind", "one flat two adjustments", "large corps operation". According to the production brigade accounting, the rich and the poor were leveled; labor was not evaluated and scored; a universal canteen was set up, and all the men, women, and children of the whole brigade were fed together, and "no money for meals" and "haircutting, tuition fees, medical fees, and pocket money" were practiced. This is a serious violation of the principle of pay for work, resulting in wastefulness and a decline in production efficiency.

In 1960, the county's rural people's commune income distribution accounts for: total income of 4,779,600 yuan, an increase of only 3% over 1957; cost 1,663,200 yuan, accounting for 34.8% of the total income; tax 424,200 yuan, accounting for 8.87% of the total income; provident fund and public welfare fund 297,800 yuan, accounting for 6.23% of the total income; distributed to the community members 2,394,300 yuan, or 50.1% of the total income; every 10 work points worth 0.34 yuan (0.18 yuan less than in 1957); per capita share of 39.57 yuan (0.64 yuan less than in 1957), and more than 150 kilograms of rations, resulting in difficulties in life.

In April 1961, the county's communes to carry out accounting and rectification, to solve the problem of equalization of funds, labor, property, layer by layer to engage in the refund of compensation, the disbanding of the national canteen. 1962, the production brigade adjusted to 57; the production team to reduce the size of the team, the number of teams to increase to 546 (an average of 23 households per team), to the production team as the basic unit of accounting. The production brigade practiced the distribution of large lump sums to the production teams (including the payment of provident funds, public welfare funds, and management fees). The production brigade resumed the management system of fixed attendance quotas, fixed fertilizer input quotas, and fixed remuneration for farm work, and implemented the principle of "each member does his best, according to his work, and no one is allowed to eat without working". Members are permitted to operate a small amount of land reserved for their own use and to engage in family sideline businesses. To a certain extent, this corrected the "leftist" errors and promoted the recovery and development of production.

In 1962, the county's rural people's commune income distribution accounts are: total income of 6,426,300 yuan, an increase of 11.66% over the previous year; costs 1,961,900 yuan, taxes 277,400 yuan, provident fund and public welfare fund 367,300 yuan; members of the labor compensation of 3,819,700 yuan (an increase of 16.94% over the previous year), accounting for 59.44% of the total income, and the total income of the county's rural people's commune was 3,819,300 yuan. Every 10 labor points were worth 0.5 yuan, and the per capita share was 59.19 yuan (6.87 yuan more than the previous year) and 181 kilograms of rations (16.5 kilograms more than the previous year). Overspending 4,378 households, 147,800 yuan, a decrease of 564 households, 33,700 yuan from the previous year; the remaining 9,978 households, 580,800 yuan, members of the remaining funds gradually be honored.

In the winter of 1964, to carry out "agricultural learning Dazhai", mainly for agricultural water conservancy basic construction. After the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", emphasizing the study of Dazhai "highlighting the political", "political scoring", criticizing the "three packages and one prize "and "fixed remuneration"; unilaterally practicing "grain as a program" and restricting diversified business operations; cutting off "capitalist tails" and strictly restricting members' operation of The "capitalist tail" was cut off, and members were strictly restricted from operating their own land and family sideline businesses; the unified accounting of the brigade was advocated, and the error of egalitarianism was repeated, once again frustrating the enthusiasm of the majority of peasants in labor. During the decade, the agricultural economy developed slowly, the population increased rapidly, and it was difficult to improve the livelihood of the peasants.

In 1975, the rural people's commune year-end distribution accounts were: total income of 9,330,400 yuan, an average annual increase of 3.29% from 1966; costs and expenses of 2,570,700 yuan, taxes 397,200 yuan, provident funds and public welfare fund of 886,400 yuan; members of the distribution of 5,476,100 yuan, accounting for 58.7% of the total income; every 10 work points worth 0.36 yuan, an increase of only 2 cents over 1966. only 2 cents more than in 1966; per capita distribution of members of the society was 54.29 yuan (only 3.87 yuan more than in 1966), with a ration of 237.5 kilograms. The overspending was 1,448,400 yuan for 8,704 households, an increase of 791,500 yuan over 1966; the balance of 9,200 households, 959,500 yuan, could not be given in time to cash.

In the spring of 1979, the implementation of the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the People's Republic of China ****, began to carry out reform of the agricultural system, the implementation of production to the household. 1981 spring, the full implementation of the responsibility system of joint contracting, 81% of the production team to the household, some of the implementation of the professional contracting joint production and remuneration, the "three" to the group joint production and remuneration, the small segment of the work of a fixed amount of remuneration and other forms of contracting. The system of responsibility for contracting out production to households was adopted in 81% of the production teams, and in some cases professional contracting for joint production and remuneration, joint production and remuneration for the "three definitions" to the group, and fixed remuneration for small sections of work, mobilizing the enthusiasm of the majority of the farmers and boosting production. In that year, the final account of rural income distribution data are as follows: total income of 21,031,200 yuan, an increase of 91.75% over 1978; cost 5,794,300 yuan, taxes 456,400 yuan, provident fund and public welfare 797,500 yuan; farmers' net income of 13,982,900 yuan, accounting for 66.49% of the total income; per capita net income of 144.37 yuan, 1.65 times more than in 1978. 1.65 times.

The production responsibility system is constantly improving, coupled with the proper adjustment of the internal structure of agriculture, the rural economy continues to develop. 1988, the total income of the rural economy 185,511,100 yuan, an increase of 7.58 times more than in 1981, an increase of 15.47 times more than in 1978.

In 2007, more than 5,000 mu of vegetables were newly planted; 5,500 mu of forests were planted, and the annual task of construction of coastal protection forest system was completed; the activity of "building a green home and creating an affluent village" was actively carried out, and 20,000 precious trees such as rosewood and mountain laurel were provided for 8 model villages of new rural construction (Note 6).

In 2008 **** issued 138 fishing boat mortgage loans of 58.23 million yuan, 165 new steel fishing boats, the cumulative total of 456; test and promotion of the United States red abalone, Atlantic turbot and other new varieties of aquaculture, the total output of aquatic products 280,000 tons, an increase of 2.7%. Accelerate the process of agricultural industrialization, agricultural products processing leading enterprises Haikui Group won the "Fujian Province, the brand of agricultural gold medal enterprise" title; the promotion of standardized asparagus cultivation of 8,000 acres, asparagus production of 25,000 tons in the county, an increase of 66.7%; "order-based agriculture" Formation of scale, white radish, onion and other vegetables planted area of 6,000 mu, an increase of 20%, an increase of 10 million yuan. The total agricultural output value completed 2.98 billion yuan, an increase of 5.8%.

Agricultural production in 2011 was severely affected by the typhoon, but the overall growth remained stable. The annual gross agricultural output value of 2.473 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6%. The price of asparagus hit a record high, with the average price of bamboo shoots increasing by more than one times; the annual total output of aquatic products reached 330,000 tons, an increase of 3.7%, and the total output value of the fishery industry was 2.24 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7%. Southern Song Dynasty (1127), the first year of Jianyan, Dongshan, surnamed Meng in the magnetic kiln village to build 8 kilns, employing more than 100 workers, firing glazed bowls, plates, bowls and tea sets and other ceramics. The quality of its products is excellent, sales volume, there were 18 wooden shipments to foreign countries. Ming Dynasty, iron, bamboo, wood, carving and other handicraft workshops began production. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 10 breweries, 25 oil presses, 45 sugar squatters, 3 brick kilns, gold and silver jewelry, embroidery and other individual crafts and handicrafts have also developed.　　In the 15th year of the Republic of China, there were more than 7,000 people working in the handicrafts industry, mainly weaving nets, shipbuilding, carving and painting, printing and dyeing, textile, leather shoes, hardware repair, paper tying, scale making, and cotton popping, which accounted for 8% of the population of the county. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (R.O.C.), the Ramie Spinning and Processing Industry accepted orders from Xiamen Demei and Yuanmao for the first time, and the products were exported to the Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia, and other countries as well as the Hong Kong area. From 36 to 38 years of R.O.C., the French currency was seriously devalued, and the circulation of handicraft goods was difficult. In early 39 years of R.O.C., the transportation between Dongsan Island and the mainland was cut off, and the handicraft factories closed down one after another.

By the end of 1950, the county's 439 individual handicrafts, 759 employees. Later most of the individual handicrafts of handicrafts society, group, in the second half of 1958, individual handicrafts all into the collective or state-run industry. 1965, in the clean-up of towns and cities idle labor, individual handicraftsmen were mobilized to go to the countryside to participate in agricultural production, there is no individual handicrafts in the county.

In June 1956, the county local finance and overseas Chinese jointly organized the Dongshan Overseas Chinese Flour Mill and thermal power plant. At the same time, Longxi County, Shimai Town, private rice processing plant moved into the House Hill, and the county financial section of the joint venture, are public-private partnership. In the same year, Minsheng, Donghe, Changxing 3 production of fish sauce, soy sauce, pickles and so on. Individual workshops and the County Bureau of Commerce jointly organized a public-private partnership Soy Sauce Factory. The above power plant, soy sauce factory in 1957 to local state-run industries; rice mills, flour mills in 1969, 1972, respectively, to local state-run industries. So far, there is no public-private partnership industry.

After 1979, the implementation of reform and opening up, and further deepen the internal reform of enterprises, the conversion of business mechanisms, state-owned enterprises, "three-funded" (Chinese-foreign joint venture, Chinese-foreign cooperation, wholly foreign-owned) enterprises and township enterprises flourished to form a comprehensive system of multi-industry and multi-discipline industrial system.

In 2008, the total industrial output value of 5.65 billion yuan, an increase of 17.2%; large-scale industrial output value of 4.8 billion yuan, an increase of 19.2%. New 15 large-scale industries, a total of 117; output value of more than 100 million yuan 10 enterprises, a net increase of 5. Industrial aggregation continues to accelerate, aquatic processing scale enterprises completed output value of 2.69 billion yuan, an increase of 62%, accounting for 56% of the county's large-scale industrial output value. Annual industrial tax revenue of 101 million yuan, for the first time exceeded the 100 million mark, an increase of 30.4%. The implementation of brand strategy, enterprise brand awareness, Xinfu aquatic products won the "China Well-known Trademark", the year added three "famous trademarks", four "Fujian famous brand products".

In 2011, there was a net increase of 19 large-scale industries, reaching 105. All industrial output value of 4.03 billion yuan, an increase of 30.2%; large-scale industrial output value of 3.238 billion yuan, an increase of 38.6%, an increase of 4.5 percentage points over the previous year, higher than the city's average level of 10 percentage points. The individual scale of industrial enterprises continues to grow, the annual output value of hundreds of millions of dollars on eight enterprises, 50 million yuan to 100 million yuan of enterprises 7.