Characteristics of classical Chinese architecture

The duality of using and landscaping, viewing and being viewed

Garden architecture is not only to meet the requirements of various garden activities and use, but also one of the garden scenery; it is both a material product and a work of art. But garden architecture gives people more spiritual feelings. Therefore, the artistic requirements are higher, in addition to the requirements of ornamental value, but also requires a poetic and picturesque. Complementary with the environment

Garden architecture is fully integrated with the garden environment and natural scenery of the building, it can maximize the use of natural terrain and the environment's favorable conditions. Any architectural design should take into account the environment, and garden architecture is even more, the weight of the building in the environment and the weight should be weighed according to the requirements of the environment to determine the composition, the environment is the starting point for architectural creation.

Classical Chinese gardens are generally natural landscape as the theme of the landscape composition, the building is only for the ornamental scenery and embellishment of the landscape and set. Garden architecture is an artificial factor, it seems to have an antagonistic side with the natural factors, but if handled properly, can also be unified, can add interest in the natural environment, add life atmosphere. Landscape architecture is only a coordinated, organic part of the overall environment, its responsibility can only be to highlight the beauty of nature, adding the beauty of the natural environment. This high degree of unity between natural and artificial beauty is precisely the realm that the Chinese are constantly pursuing in the art of gardening." .

The combination of architecture and the environment is firstly to adapt to local conditions, and strive to combine with the topography, terrain and landform of the base site, to make the overall layout according to the shape of the situation, and make full use of the natural terrain and landform.

Secondly, the building volume is rather small than large. Because of the natural landscape, landscape is the main, the building is from. Compared with nature, the relative volume and absolute scale of the building and the proportion of the landscape composition is very small.

Another requirement is that the garden building in the plane layout and spatial treatment are striving for lively, rich in change. The design of the design of the garden building space sequence and the organization of a good view of the route is particularly prominent. The building's internal and external space intersection zone, often is the most attractive place, but also often people's feelings transfer place. Virtual and real, bright and dark, artificial and natural mutual transfer are often carried out in this part. Sequentially excessive space is very important. Chinese garden architecture commonly used floor to ceiling long windows, empty corridors, open form as a link to this integration. This half indoor, half outdoor space transition is gradual, is a natural and harmonious change, is soft, mingled.

In order to solve the problem of combining with the natural environment, Chinese garden architecture should also take into account the natural climate and seasonal factors. Therefore, China's northern and southern gardens have their own characteristics. For example, there is a yuanyang hall in the south of the garden is combined with the natural climate, the best season ion, its building is divided into two, one side to the north, one side to the south, respectively, to adapt to the activities of the winter and summer seasons.

In short, the garden building design to the building as a landscape elements to consider, so that it and the surrounding landscape, rocks, trees, etc. into one, *** with the composition of the beautiful scenery. And the landscape is the main body, the building is part of it. Garden architecture, bright colors, decorative finesse

In the Chinese classical gardens, whether it is the northern royal gardens or private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and other styles of architecture, their colors are extremely distinct. Northern royal gardens buildings are more brightly colored. Glazed tiles, red pillars, painted. Jiangnan garden buildings are mostly large pink walls as the tone, with black and gray small tiles, chestnut shell color beams, railings, hanging down. Interior decoration is also mostly light brown or wood color, lined with white walls, and terrazzo bricks made of gray door frames, forming a clean, bright colors.

Modern gardens, building color is also a light and bright, and strive to show that the garden architecture is easy and lively features.

Garden building design, what materials, colors, should be focused on the pursuit of the overall environmental theme. Rich, luxurious, noble is beautiful, and simple, elegant, ancient is also a kind of beauty, the building is located in the environment is the primary factor that should be considered in its design. "Fine and appropriate", "skillful and appropriate"

Chinese architecture has always attached importance to the coordination of the environment, artificial and natural into one. The so-called "dangerous building across the water, the pavilion by the clouds", the pavilion in the mountains, building in the stream, will make the landscape more angry and charming. Hegel once said: "the art of gardening not only for the spirit of creating an environment, a second nature, the beginning of a completely new way to build, and the natural landscape into the architectural design of the composition, as the environment of the building to be handled by the building." The aesthetic ideal that the Chinese feng shui doctrine pursues most enthusiastically is to seek the affinity and unity between nature, heaven and earth, and human beings. Its geomancy tool, "Liunan Pan" - Feng Shui compass, is a time-space unity of the phase of divination and land occupation tools, the idea of unity between man and nature patterned and instrumentalized. For example: the summer residence of more than 120 groups of different styles of ancient buildings, into the north of the Sebei style, such as in the green grass in the eastern edge of the prairie area, is located in the "ChunHaoXuan", "YongYouSi", "JiaShuXuan "," Cheng Guan Zhai "and other groups of buildings, some are built according to the tree Xuan, some deployment of flowers and the surrounding environment to harmonize with the atmosphere. More than forty groups of buildings in the mountains scattered in the landscape environment, but also "according to the rock frame house, curved corridor up and down, the layers of the pavilion. Cuiling as a screen, the pear blossom ten thousand, micro-clouds and moonlight, the clear view is particularly excellent.

All individual buildings in the garden should be harmonized with the surrounding landscape, architectural landscape, to reflect each other, pearl and jade. Shanyin's Pavilion only with the surrounding mountains and mountains, thick forests and bamboos into one, people can "roam around", "extremely visual and audio entertainment", such as "because of the mountains and pavilions" this traditional Landscaping techniques. In ancient culture, mountains and pavilions are regarded as the place where the essence of nature is exhaled, and it is the place where man and nature make spiritual exchanges. Respect for the naturalness of the mountains, and the mountains to achieve harmony, there are "due to the situation, with the shape, embedded, appropriate," the eight-point policy.

"Because of the situation", conform to the state and trend of the mountains. "With the shape", the use of the pavilion and the base shape trend consistent, and build with the trend. Such as the Humble Administrator's Garden in a convex foundation to build a concave fan pavilion, Summer Palace Yang Renfeng in a concave fan pavilion, are suitable with the shape of the move. "Embedded" is an effective means of integration of the pavilion, so that people inadvertently difficult to distinguish between each other, such as "growing out of the ground." Qingcheng mountain step bridge rain pavilion using the original two nanmu trees as the pavilion column, so that the pavilion and the ground organic combination. "Appropriate" means that the pavilion has the right scale and proportion with the environment. Such as Suzhou Yiyuan's "spiral bun pavilion" cleverly stood in the lake rock rockery above the mountain stream, small scenery, pavilion eaves can be touched, pavilion surrounded by flowers, as if the beauty of the flower smile. Pavilion outside the pool bank twists and turns, peaks and turns, gestures, all the scenery are circling changes within reach, both with the environment, but also rich in charming interest. Summer Resort Stickman Peak Pavilion, both enlarge the size of the object and increase the number of methods to increase the volume. Thus better play a role in controlling space.

The architectural vignettes in the garden must also be consistent with the surrounding atmosphere. Such as the garden with stone, or lake stone made of stepping, should be harmonized with the environment of the hall. Slip garden lotus hall north with stone pole step, and the lion forest yan yu hall in front and slip garden five peaks fairy hall in front of the step, it is with the lake stone cover these extremely inconspicuous architectural vignettes, in suzhou gardens also do fine elegant decent. Such as the net master garden of the gutter cover head, distribution and patio, the corners of the garden. Slightly lower than the surrounding pavement, in order to facilitate the drainage of rainwater, the location is appropriate, cover the head with clay firing, greenish-gray, different shapes, above the shape of the skeleton has a simple pattern. Such as sets of money, begonias, Ruyi, etc., cover the surface of the middle of the multi-eye drainage holes, styling, simple and elegant, and cobblestone flower street paving is commensurate with the color and harmony.

Garden in the "flower street pavement", is a wonderful structure of the magic, with pebbles, broken bricks, broken porcelain and other waste materials, combined into a beautiful pattern, colorful ground pattern. Purely with tiles composed of mat pattern, herringbone pattern, between the square, bucket pattern; with tiles for the pattern boundaries, inlaid with various colors of pebbles and broken tiles, can be composed of hexagonal, set of hexagonal, set of hexagonal, set of octagonal and other patterns; with broken tiles, stone, pebbles, mixed with the Begonia, cross lamps, ice cracks, etc. Pebbles and porcelain mixed with the set of lines, the ballgate, chi flowers, etc.; to brightly colored ceramic tile paved with animal and plant motifs such as "Dark Eight Immortals," "five blessings (five bats) hold life (pine and crane)," "six (deer) together (crane) with the (Tongshu) spring. Some of the ground paving for the environmental background, creating a pattern outside the mood and flavor. Ji Cheng in the "Garden Metallurgy. Paving" said: "waste tiles also have lines, when the lake stone chipping paving, ripples surging, broken square tiles, can be retained for great use, around the plum blossom grinding bucket, ice cracked and confused."

China's temple gardens are often with the famous mountains and waters of the "Buddha spirit" fusion, the building is often based on the situation, the height of the staggered, the humanities landscape melted into the natural landscape, giving people a rich sense of beauty. Of course, as a religious building, but also to try to reflect the pursuit of faith, such as Buddhist temples often see the steps outside the door, there are fifty-three, a metaphor for "fifty-three Sen, Sen see Buddha"; there are one hundred and eight levels, a metaphor for the world's one hundred and eight kinds of trouble, walk through the steps, the trouble is also cleared.

Group combination of garden architecture

Western ancient architecture often different functions, different uses of the room are concentrated in a building, the pursuit of the composition of the internal space of the beauty of the sculpture of the external form, so that the building volume is large.

Chinese traditional architecture is a wooden structure system, which determines that the building is generally smaller and shorter, and the shape of the monolith is simpler. Therefore, buildings of different sizes and shapes have different functions and their own specific names. Such as halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, xuan, salts, boats, pavilions, corridors and so on. According to the use of the needs, can also be set up independently, but also with corridors, walls, roads and so on the combination of different buildings into groups. This kind of big for small, centralized for dispersed processing techniques, very suitable for Chinese garden layout and garden landscape needs, it can form a unified and change the colorful group outline, visitors to view the building and people from the building to view the scenery, both in the landscape of the building, but also in the building of the landscape.

The characteristics of the garden architecture is not diametrically divided from each other, to be integrated into the nature, the building volume is bound to be small, the building volume to be small, it is inevitable that will be dispersed layout, spatial processing to be rich in change, it will be the application of the corridors, walls, roads, etc. Organization of courtyards, the division of space and scenic spots. As the "Garden Metallurgy" said: "skillful in the borrowing, fine in the body appropriate".