Reflections on the Protection, Development and Utilization of Traditional Ancient Villages in China

1. Solve the property rights problem of ancient villages and establish and improve the management mechanism for the construction and development of ancient villages.

Property right is a long-standing problem in the protection of ancient villages. At present, many ancient villages have become hollow villages, and it is difficult to carry out protection and restoration work. One of the important reasons is that most of the old buildings in ancient villages are privately owned and need a lot of money. The villagers themselves have no bearing capacity, and at the same time they lack the motivation to protect and repair old buildings. However, if the government invests in repairs, on the one hand, a large number of old buildings in ancient villages need to be repaired, and the government may not be able to bear a lot of money. On the other hand, the ownership of the old building has not changed, and it is public.

In order to solve the problem of property rights of ancient villages, the protection and development of ancient villages in some ancient towns tend to take the way of recovering the property rights of old buildings.

2. Coordinate the construction of new villages and ancient villages.

The overall construction of new villages and ancient villages should first clarify the different functions of new villages and ancient villages, and do a good job of convergence. One of the important ideas should be "attracting tourists with ancient villages and serving tourists with perfect facilities in new villages". On the one hand, we should protect the original ecological material and intangible cultural heritage of ancient villages, tap the historical and cultural value of ancient villages and develop tourism characteristic resources; On the other hand, we should do a good job in the planning and transformation of new villages, provide villagers with a good living environment, and build and improve various facilities for tourism services in ancient villages, such as restaurants, hotels and commodities. Most of these facilities should be built in new villages to avoid over-construction of ancient villages and break the quaint atmosphere of ancient villages.

3. Improve infrastructure construction

The horn of building a new socialist countryside and promoting the process of rural urbanization blew the land of China, and various policies and measures were introduced one after another. We believe that the essence and key of rural urbanization lies in improving rural infrastructure and public service facilities, which cannot be understood as unilaterally tearing down the old and building new ones in rural areas without retaining rural characteristics at all. The urbanization of many rural areas in China is mostly demolition and construction, which virtually obliterates many elements rich in rural charm and historical value, and builds a large number of modern buildings, making most villages the same, without their own characteristics and historical details. This is also a big misunderstanding in the process of rural urbanization today.

Perfect rural infrastructure is an important material basis for the sustainable development of rural economy and society, the improvement of farmers' production and life, and the rejuvenation of traditional culture. At present, the imperfect infrastructure in most villages and towns in China is an important manifestation of the huge contrast between urban and rural environment and an important reason. For a long time, on the one hand, the relevant functional departments of the government did not grasp the rural infrastructure construction to the end, and the infrastructure construction of many towns (villages) was in a management vacuum; On the other hand, the financial investment in rural infrastructure construction is insufficient, mostly temporary subsidies, and there is no stable and lasting financial investment mechanism. As a result, the infrastructure construction of villages and towns in China lags far behind that of cities, and there are many historical debts, which cannot meet the needs of modern people's daily life. To narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and accelerate the process of rural urbanization, the first thing is to improve rural infrastructure, including roads, sewers, drinking water projects, power grid transformation, network communication and so on.

The infrastructure construction of ancient villages should be based on protecting the overall style of ancient villages and improving the living environment. Granite roadway and red chalk roadway in ancient villages are important components of architectural features of ancient villages and should be protected. They cannot all be paved with cement or marble. Some broken and uneven ancient roads can be leveled, stones can be fixed, weeds and gravel can be removed, and lighting facilities such as street lamps can be improved. The reconstruction of drainage system should keep its original state, without sealing the cover, mainly by cleaning up silt and debris and dredging channels to preserve the characteristics of roadway; Power cord, network cable, TV signal line, etc. It should be buried as much as possible to avoid pulling.

The infrastructure of the new village should be built according to higher standards to meet the needs of villagers' daily life and for some time to come.

4. Maintain the overall style of the ancient village, properly repair the old buildings and take measures to activate them.

Combined with the joint-stock cooperative system model, all ancient buildings are thoroughly investigated, registered and catalogued, and the present situation of each ancient building in the ancient village, such as ownership, damage degree, market value, workload to be repaired and capital investment, etc. , learn more. On the basis of comprehensive investigation, we will join relevant cultural departments and hire professional design units to work out detailed renovation plans for old buildings. First, on the premise of retaining the original architectural style, the original characteristic building materials and traditional construction techniques are adopted. Second, according to the purpose of the old building, under the premise of retaining the original building structure and style as much as possible, the internal living facilities, such as toilets, water and electricity, networks, lighting, etc., can be greatly improved. To meet the needs of modern daily life and office.

The long-term vacancy of old buildings in ancient villages will not be conducive to the protection and cultural inheritance of ancient villages. Therefore, in addition to restoring the old buildings, it is necessary to combine the development direction of the ancient villages and improve the modern facilities inside the old buildings, and adopt various means to rationally activate the old buildings in the ancient villages.

There are many examples in Beijing and Hong Kong that can be used for reference in the revitalization of historic buildings. For example, Beijing Royal Granary is a well-preserved antique building, which was built in the seventh year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409). It is the only royal granary with the largest scale and the best protection in China. After 600 years of vicissitudes, today's "Royal Granary" has become a club to display culture and fashion, undertaking business activities such as news release, celebration, forum, annual meeting, premiere, performance and reception. The 1949 club in Sanlitun, Beijing was originally the workshop of a red brick factory in 1949. After being abandoned for many years, it has been transformed into a bar and restaurant complex combining Chinese and western styles, providing a place for people to relax in the noise. The practices of the Royal Granary and the 1949 Club have certain reference significance for the activation of ancient buildings in Nanshe Ancient Village.

5. Strengthen the cultural construction of ancient villages in combination with traditional customs and habits.

Cultural protection and construction is an important part of the protection and development of ancient villages. As the aborigines gradually moved out of the ancient village, the life flavor and traditional culture of the ancient village inevitably gradually lost, and finally the ancient village became an empty shell with only historical buildings and no soft culture. In the part of the Machu Picchu Charter on the preservation and protection of cultural relics and historical heritage, it is proposed that "the personality and characteristics of a city depend on its material structure and social characteristics. Therefore, we should not only protect and maintain the historical sites and monuments of the city, but also inherit the general cultural traditions. All precious cultural relics that embody social and national characteristics must be protected. The protection, restoration and reuse of existing historical sites and ancient buildings must be combined with the urban construction process to ensure that these cultural relics have economic significance and continue to have vitality. "

An important measure to strengthen the cultural construction of ancient villages is to inject fresh blood into traditional culture. The source of injecting living water into traditional culture is to preserve and continue the original ecological living atmosphere, customs and traditions, make them adapt to modern civilization, pass them on in the continuous construction and development of villages and towns, and renew their vitality, not just to protect and repair their material carriers-the original ancient villages and old buildings, otherwise they will fall into the embarrassment of "having cultural relics but no culture".

6. Strengthen the renovation and utilization of natural environmental resources around ancient villages, and create an atmosphere of harmonious integration with nature.

The natural geographical environment of ancient villages embodies the wisdom of our ancestors when they built villages and hedges. Therefore, the protection and renovation of the natural geographical environment of ancient villages is also an important aspect of the protection and development of ancient villages. It is also of great significance for the development of ancient villages to make full use of natural environmental resources, create an atmosphere close to nature and open up eco-tourism.