Give examples to illustrate how language reflects national culture.

A: Thinking is common to all mankind, while language is a national characteristic. This is the most fundamental difference between language and thinking. The objective reality is basically the same for all ethnic groups, and the ideas and judgments formed in thinking are basically the same. However, for the same thing, the language expression of different nationalities may be different. Languages of different nationalities have their own characteristics in vocabulary, grammar, semantics and expression. From the perspective of culture to language, it can help us understand the characteristics of different languages by investigating the social history and cultural traditions of different nationalities. This kind of research is called cultural linguistics. The influence of social history and cultural traditions of different nationalities on language is most obviously reflected in the meaning and usage of words. For example, the differences between Chinese and English in using appellation words for the same relative, and the differences in dividing color words in high-yield fields. For another example, due to the differences in historical traditions, living environment and customs of various ethnic groups, there are often some unique words. For example, "Wotou" and "Chopsticks" in Chinese are unique musical instrument tableware in China. For example, some words have different meanings, such as "dog" in Chinese and "dog" in English. From the perspective of language to culture, analyzing the characteristics of different languages can help us analyze and study the social history and cultural traditions of different nationalities. This kind of research is called linguistic culturology or linguistic ethnology, which is very beneficial to the study of early history and even prehistoric history without historical documents. For example, in Shang dynasty, the brother of father was called "father", which reflected that in ancient society before Shang dynasty, the brother of one clan and the sister of another clan were husband and wife. It is also an effective method to study ancient history and national history through language materials.

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