What are the most basic theories and concepts in anthropology?

Anthropology is a complex system, and each discipline has developed a variety of theories over time, making it very diverse overall. However, the main features of anthropology are: 1) the theory of evolution, which is reflected in physical anthropology and archaeology, and 2) the cultural perspective, which is reflected in cultural anthropology. The following is a theoretical description of each of the major branches to clarify the claims and connections of each school and theory.

In the beginning, the study of anthropology was still based on a biological and naturalistic view of everything, especially in terms of physical and cultural aspects, and therefore two schools of thought based on pan-cultural comparisons were very influential, namely, the theory of social evolution and the theory of diffusion. The former, based on Darwinian evolution, asserts that all human societies evolve unilaterally, that cultural evolution proceeds from material backwardness to advancement, and from simplicity to complexity of thought, and that there are different stages of evolution across cultures, i.e., there are different stages of evolution.

Somatic anthropology

The collaboration between archaeologists and somatic anthropologists has led to long-term field observations of primates, in the hope of answering the regret that prehistoric archaeology was unable to study the behaviors of human ancestors, and that such studies have unexpectedly inspired the study of primate speech and communication systems.