Seeking the Complete Edition of Song Huizong New Painting and Calligraphy Bureau in Northern Song Dynasty

Evonne (1082— 1 135), a native of Huizong in Northern Song Dynasty, was a famous painter and calligrapher. His books and paintings can go down in history. His book was learned by Huang Tingjian, and later he created a thin and sharp body, such as "bending iron to break gold". His paintings are especially good at flowers and birds, forming his own "courtyard body", which is rich and magnificent, making flower and bird painting enter its heyday. Evonne advocated literature and art, which enabled the Hanlin Painting Academy, which inherited the old system of the Five Dynasties, to operate for more than a hundred years. Under his initiative, he also compiled two books, Xuan He Hua Pu and Xuan He Shu Pu, which brought together a large number of famous painters and became important materials in the history of painting and calligraphy in China. Although the emperor was politically incompetent, he made outstanding contributions to the development of culture and art.

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozong's reign in Shaoxing (1 136), Evonne died at the age of 54. Temple of Hui Zong. Because his mausoleum is called "You Yong Ling", people often call it "You Ling" in Song Dynasty. When Evonne was in power, he believed in Taoism and was called "the founder of Daojun", so people later called him "the Emperor of Daojun".

There are many works handed down from ancient times, some of which are ghostwritten by imperial painters. His works include Mera Mountain Birds, Five-color Parrots, Furong Golden Rooster, Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb and White Goose, Autumn Night in Pond, Liu Tiyan, Ruihetu and Autumn Color Map of Xishan Mountain, etc. Figure paintings include "Listening to the Qin" and "Wen Hui". Landscape painting is represented by Snow Mountain Returning to the Mountain. In addition, Li Zhaodao's "Drawing Gua", Zhang Xuan's "Tao Ren" and "The Lady of the State of Guo You Chun" are also copied. He ordered the compilation of Xuanhe Painting Spectrum, Xuanhe Calligraphy Spectrum and Xuanhe Bo Gu Map. There are only 20 volumes in Xuanhe Huapu, including 6396 works of 23 1 genre.

(Rui hetu? Colour silk books? Liaoning Provincial Museum)

Ruihetu is recognized by Song Huizong as a realistic flower-and-bird painting with meticulous brushwork. This is a rare imperial brush painting in Song Huizong, which was painted by Zhao Ji at the age of 30. This picture shows Xuande Gate in the capital of song dynasty, which is magnificent, with colorful clouds around the gate, eighteen red-crowned cranes hovering in the sky, and the other two standing on the ridge of the temple kissing, each with its own state and no similarity. The air seems to echo with the sweet voice of cranes singing together. The composition of the picture makes the line of sight low, makes the eyes look up, and creates a vast sky with a large area, showing the trend of "taking the flat and taking the strange". The lines of the picture are thin and vigorous, and the colors are rich. Golden temples, blue skies and smart and auspicious cranes dotted with Bai Mo make the whole picture full of royal nobility and auspicious meanings. After painting, Hui Zong's poems inscribed in the thin gold book are even more interesting. This painting is one of the volumes of Xuanhe Ruilan recorded in Deng Chun's Essays. Records of Collection of Shiqu and Essays on Shiqu.

(pond autumn night picture (lotus heron scares fish picture)? Hand-rolled ink paper (collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei)

Autumn Night on the Pool is an original work created by Evonne in his early years, which reflects his early painting style. From this picture, we can also see that people in the Southern Song Dynasty are familiar with the painting method of "painting with ink from the south of the Yangtze River", that is, the painting method of "Xu Xiye Yi" (whether Song Huizong's original intention in making this picture is Xu Xi's splash-ink method remains to be verified). The first half of this picture is called "Lotus Heron Scares Fish", which is only found in the description, and the traces of painting have been lost.

The Autumn Night Map of the Pond recorded in Volume 32 of the first edition of Baodi in Shiqu is a chalk book with black and pink peeling off. Draw five groups of objects, Polygonum cuspidatum, wormwood, lotus leaf, egret and mandarin duck, which are almost equidistant, lack of interpenetration and have the feeling of homework. Wen Xiu's painting method is very simple and belongs to the literati painting system, but compared with similar works before and after, it is very strange. Compared with Cui Bai's works, the modeling ability and picture arrangement are obviously inferior; Compared with Zhu Su and Mi's works, it is not as good as line skill and Mo Yun change; Appear stiff, deliberately pursue self; Compared with Evonne's "Liu Ti Tu" and "Pipa Mountain Bird Tu", it is not as good as clean and implicit management; Compared with the Baihua Picture in the Southern Song Dynasty and the meticulous flower-and-bird painting in the later Yuan Dynasty, it has a natural sense of Gu Zhuo, and the development of expression techniques has not yet reached the historical stage of Baihua Picture.

(Liu Yantu? The paper is light in color, 34 cm long and 223.2 cm wide. )

This picture is a combination of Liu Yatu and Yan Lutu, with the square seal of Evonne's Secret of Xuanhe and the half seal of Ji Cha Si Seal of Mingnei House. Records of Gengzi Ji Xiaoxia, The Continuation of Baodi in Shiqu and Essays in Shiqu.

Liu Yatu, like Autumn Night in the Pond, is as elegant as Gu Zhuo, which is in line with Evonne's artistic background and should be his own handwriting. And the pen is clumsy, natural and graceful, leisurely and carefree, obviously later than the "Autumn Night in the Pond", which should belong to Evonne's middle-aged masterpiece. The paper is painted with "Yan Lu Tu". The paper quality of the two pictures is almost the same, but the back paper is yellow, so it should not be a thing. The painting method is roughly similar to that of the willow crow, but the pen is somewhat different. For example, the graphite connection of the slope is not smooth, and the pen at the foot of the slope is particularly rough, which is inconsistent with the whole picture. The left reed hook plate is weak, the pen lacks three-dimensional sense and dynamic change, and a small clump of grass leaves between reed stems is also messy. All these prove that this picture is plagiarized. Liu Ti Tu and Lu Yan Tu meet to the left. On the paper of Lu Yan Map, there is the words "There is a person under the sun", but there is no seal on it. After appraisal, the writing style of this book is the characteristic of later years, while the pen has the characteristics of early years. Moreover, the gourd print of the seal "Imperial Book" should be engraved on the flower quality, but now it is engraved on the upper left corner of the front paper (willow crow map), which is separated from the flower quality. In the upper right corner of Yanlutu, there is also a big seal of Chenzidian Yu Shu Fort, which is on the top of the flower, side by side with the gourd seal of Yu Shu. The seal method of the second seal is poor, and the seal color is exactly the same, so it can be seen that it is a fake seal with the same amount of cymbals. The purpose is to connect the two papers and prove that they are both true. The second seal is roughly from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, indicating that the copying and dismantling of Lu Yan Tu was also as early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Kevin·Z and Xu Bangda made a detailed study of this fact. Xu Bangda also estimated that the other volume is a bound volume of fake Liu Yatu and real Yan Lutu, but it has been lost.

"Liu Ya Tu" embodies Evonne's mature painting style, fresh water and ink, attaches importance to the generalization and refinement of forms, does not seek too detailed division of labor, uses a simple and clumsy pen, takes ink as a boneless method, generalizes without losing delicate modeling, and uses a simple and flexible pen. It can be seen that the author has a considerable knowledge of calligraphy and deliberately pursues the idea of being clumsy, in order to distinguish himself from what all college workers have done. "Autumn Night on the Pool" may reflect Xu Xi's splash-ink method, and "Liu Yatu" may reflect Xu Chongsi's boneless method, which has long been a technique in the Academy of Painting, using ink instead of color. Cui Bai's "Cold Bird Map" summarizes the bird shape and my poor handwriting, which can also be echoed in this picture. Therefore, the source of Song Huizong's techniques is quite complicated, which may be a mixture of Cui Bai tradition, the new trend of literati painting and the inherent painting style of the academy.

(loquat mountain bird map? Wan fan silk ink pen vertical 22.6cm horizontal 24.5cm)

This picture is A Man's World. "Imperial Book" Zhu Wen's gourd shape is printed on one side. Inscribed on the side: "Song Xuan and loquat mountain birds". Drawing on the seal collection of Xuan Tong's Treasure of Imperial View, we sewed the seals of "Bagua Bao" and "Tai Shang Huang Bao" Zhu on both sides.

This painting is generally regarded as Song Huizong's original work. Although ink is used instead of color, the painting method of loquat fruit, branches and leaves and butterflies is quite detailed, but the pen used by the bird in the lower left corner is a bit rough. Compared with the early Song Dynasty, the Bird Map of Pipa Mountain in the early Song Dynasty is more exquisite. Perhaps its technical source is not Huang's old method, but Xu Chongsi's boneless method, which existed in the painting academy in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Evonne changed the color to ink painting, perhaps to show his noble and elegant temperament different from ordinary painters. Birds reflects Song Huizong's attitude towards literati painting in a relaxed way. Comparing this picture with the picture of thrush and sparrow on the mountain, we can see that the progress of specialization and visualization ability is the embodiment of the development level of boneless method in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

There is a poem on the opposite side: "It is round and oval, hence the name loquat." . Xi Bi asked about the elephant's voice. The shape of the bird is stable, but the butterfly is light in the shadow. Xuan's position, why did you lose Tokyo? "I feel that Song Huizong is so good at painting, composition and management positions. Why did he lose his country?

Zhu Mei collects birds? National Palace Museum in Taipei)

The composition of this painting is rigorous, and it pays attention to the accuracy of depicting objects, which conforms to the standards of Hui Zong Painting Academy, which pays attention to observing and sketching and learning from teachers. This is a masterpiece that can represent "Xuan Heti". There is a plum tree in the center of the picture, with curved branches and bamboo thorns on the back, where shrike, green dove and quail live. The composition of the whole painting uses S-shaped bent prunes to cut the picture, and the bamboo thorns are crossed in an arc to increase the sense of movement. Although the layout is dense, it is not chaotic. The painter successfully idealized the image and layout of the picture and created a perfect image that transcends time and space and conveys eternity. The main objects in the painting vividly depict the color and sense of volume of the objects with the help of double hooks, giving people a peaceful and dignified aesthetic feeling.

(hey? Nanjing Museum)

"Bird's Nest" is a small freehand painting. Birds, commonly known as myna, are sexually aggressive. There are three birds in the picture, two are fighting fiercely and one is watching. The swim bladder at the top seems to have gained an advantage temporarily, but the swim bladder at the bottom is not to be outdone. It is turning its head and pecking its claws in the opposite direction, which truly shows the atrium scene of hook fighting, hair and blood flying. The bird standing on the pine tree watching the battle was in high spirits, flapping its wings and singing, which was even more thought-provoking. This kind of scene description can be described as wonderful, and it is really fun to make the finishing point. It is true that the technique of ink stippling may not be satisfactory, and the depiction of expressions is slightly dull and lifeless; However, on the whole, The Fish Map is indeed a masterpiece.

"Hu Tu" is painted on paper with ink pen, which is completely different from the fine painting style of silk workers. Bird feathers are dipped in ink and rendered in light ink, showing the deep black feeling of swimming feathers. The scales of pine trees are circled with a dry pen and lightly inked. The piled pine needles are drawn one by one with a sharp pen, revealing sharp and bright pine needles. I'm afraid this is a novel and unique painting style in the painting academy in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

(hibiscus golden pheasant map? The silk edition is in color (collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing)

"Lotus Golden Rooster Map" takes Hua Die and Golden Rooster as pictures, showing a scene of crisp autumn. In the painting, where the golden pheasant falls, hibiscus flowers sway down, which is vivid. When the golden rooster is in sight, two butterflies dance and set each other off. The painter's expression is very vivid. A golden pheasant jumped up and down, bending the hibiscus branch, showing the weight of the golden pheasant. Evonne's title: "Autumn is full of frost resistance, and I wear golden feathers. It is known that there are five virtues, and comfort is better than pheasant. " The paintings are printed with treasures of Wanli, Qianlong, Yulan, Jiaqing and Xuan Tong, which are important treasures of the royal family in the Song Dynasty.

Lotus and Golden Rooster is a double-hook meticulous painting, which is a masterpiece of institutional painting in the history of China painting. In the lower right corner, there are words such as "Xuan He Dian Yu Zhi He Shu" and "One Man in the World". There is a five-word quatrain written on it: "Autumn is full of frost, I am crowned with golden feathers, and I know all the five virtues, and comfort is better than embarrassment." Calligraphy is the most special kind of "fine-grained" calligraphy in Evonne, and its fine traces are elegant, which complement each other with painting.

This picture shows autumn scenery with the theme of golden pheasant hibiscus. The golden pheasant in the painting seems to have just jumped on the hibiscus branch, showing off beautiful and plump feathers, and suddenly looking back, it found a fluttering butterfly. The picture skillfully shows the urgency of the golden pheasant in an instant, and the gorgeous long tail and rich neck feathers depict the characteristics of rare birds in detail. Due to the movement and weight of birds, hibiscus flowers droop and sway, and the main golden pheasant becomes more and more prominent. Xiao's Autumn Chrysanthemum shows the spirit of Ao Shuang, adds infinite autumn meaning, and sets off the poetic realm of "autumn strength resists frost". Flowers, birds and butterflies echo up and down and are closely connected. * * * shows the activity of life and makes the quiet autumn glow with vitality. As for hibiscus flowers, the colors are bright, the rendering is exquisite, the powder is bright, and it is not elegant; The positive and negative folds of leaves seem to be similar, and their growth laws are completely mastered. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Meng once praised: "Tao Junling is natural, and his painting skills are especially exquisite, which is beyond human power." These scenes in the painting are a natural corner, which Song Huizong said should be seen by the Royal Garden. What is rare is that this cut has abandoned others, leaving only birds and flowers.

This picture is changed in color, only a few hibiscus and chrysanthemums are used to illustrate the season, and there is no space to describe it. This composition method is called "folding branches", which is relative to the panoramic composition of early flower-and-bird paintings. According to documents, Bian Luan was good at painting "broken branches" in the Tang Dynasty, but from the existing works, "broken branches" as a composition method matured in the Northern Song Dynasty.

(Peach dove figure? The silk album is in color (collected by the National Museum of Tokyo, Japan)

? This album is very special among Song Huizong's handed down works. Peach blossoms are carefully linked with branches and leaves, pigeons are dynamic, natural and vivid, raw paint is the finishing touch, and the overall color is brilliant and gorgeous. As a painter at the age of 26, his works have been handed down.

(Mera Mountain Bird Map? Color of vertical axis silk (collected by National Palace Museum in Taipei)

The bird picture in Chimonanthus praecox is a plum blossom with beautiful flowers, with two Chinese Pulsatilla nestled in the branches and several wasps shuttling through the branches. Although the painting is a cold season, the picture is still beautiful and full of life. On the left of this painting is a poem written by Song Huizong. The exquisite "thin golden body" is in harmony with the picture and is an "imperial painting".

(Five-color parrot map? Silk color longitudinal 53.3 horizontal 125.438+0 cm).

The picture depicts two apricot flowers with broken branches and a parrot with five colors on a branch. With meticulous brushwork and rich colors, it has the same effect as "Birds on the Red Eyebrow" and is an exquisite and elegant style. Because of Evonne's handwriting, it has always been under the name of Hui Zong, but contemporary scholars generally believe that it was written by a professional painter in the hospital at that time, reflecting the level of flower-and-bird painting in Hui Zong Institute. On the right side of the picture frame, there is the preface and couplet poem of Evonne's Shu Jin Shu, which is similar to Xiang Long Shi Tu. Some scholars further speculate that this work should be one of Xuanhe Ruilan Shu. The painting is printed with Yuan Wenzong's Tianbao Calendar, Dai Mingshuo and Luo Song in the Qing Dynasty, and the inner houses of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, which records the first collection of Shiqu treasures.

Song Huizong is good at sketching calligraphy, and carefully depicts the heroic posture of parrots sideways. The bird perched on the branches of blooming apricot flowers and looked contented and carefree. The difference between Hui Zong's painting method and the flower-and-bird painting in the Southern Song Dynasty is that Hui Zong has no intention of winning by exaggerating composition or deliberately creating decorative and dynamic pictures. But unpretentious, innocent, and truthfully draw the natural charm of apricot flowers and parrots.

Five-color Parrot Map is one of the best masterpieces of Song Huizong's works. Because parrots stand on the branches of apricot flowers, they are also called "apricot flower parrot map". In the picture, the five-color parrot (scientific name "Gorgeous Puxi Parrot", produced in Southeast Asia) is black at the top and behind the eyes, red at the front of the neck, white at the back of the neck, cyan at the back, wings, tail and legs, orange at the abdomen feathers, and black and white at the * * * yellow. In the five elements of Taoism, the "five colors" of green, yellow, red, white and black represent five orientations and also symbolize the meaning of the world. Song Huizong is a loyal believer in Taoism, so the five-color parrot picture has its own specific Taoist complex. This painting is very expressive. Whether it is Song Huizong's early works or his later works, this Five-color Parrot Picture is relatively high. This painting has a strong color. It is convenient to draw a heavy color picture, but it is not easy to draw it clearly and transparently. The color design of this painting is very harmonious, and the thickness of the technique is well grasped. Stone green is used on the basis of ink, because stone green is a mineral pigment, and it is easy to appear powdery when painting, but it does not have this powdery gas. (Parrot's back) This one is very light and thin, and the brushwork is very vivid. The hook line is strong and the pen is changeable. The handwriting is heavy, slightly revealing the nail head, and it is hooked from top to bottom. If the brushwork is the same, it is rigid, but the difference is too big to be a smooth branch. However, some nails in this trunk are obvious, some are not obvious, and they are very casual. There is a natural change. The poem on the painting says: "Heaven is rich in this rare bird, so I come from afar to pay my respects. Covered in five colors, it is better to talk more. Flying like pity for Mao Yugui, falling like a full meal, pure and elegant, to give a new chapter. " This poem is easy to understand, with few allusions. "Qualcomm" is another name for a parrot. Focus on praising the noble beauty and superior temperament of five-color parrots. The painting is decorated with apricot flowers as elegant as snow, in which Song Huizong's complex of self-metaphor, self-admiration and narcissism is not difficult to see through.

(plum blossom embroidered eye map? Silk color is 24.5cm long and 24.8cm wide)

Tips: Imperial pen, one person in the world. Seal: Imperial Book (Zhu Wen gourd shape)

In the picture, the plum branches are thin and vigorous, and the flowers on the branches are gorgeous and beautiful. A embroidered eye stands upright and looks in all directions, which is in harmony with the beautiful plum blossoms. Although there are not many scenes in this picture, it is still beautiful and touching. The painted plum blossoms are beautiful, constantly trimmed, and the traces of artificial modification are very heavy. This kind of plum painting is fine and delicate, thick in color and has its own strong charm. This style and interest are favored by the court, which obviously represents the aesthetic meaning of the royal family.

(wintersweet with two birds? Length 25.8 cm, width 26. 1 cm)

This painting depicts the overlapping growth of white spoon and Chimonanthus praecox with delicate brushstrokes. A pair of tits sing to each other on the branches of Chimonanthus praecox decorated with Bai Mei, with a hint of spring. Tits' eyes are painted with raw lacquer, which is radiant. This is the crowning touch that Evonne is good at. In the lower right corner of the picture, the title is "One Man in the World", and the gourd-shaped seal of "Imperial Book" is engraved on it. In the lower left corner, the appraiser "Yu Teng privately seals".

(Bamboo bird map? The color of silk is 33.8cm in the vertical direction and 55.6cm in the horizontal direction. Metropolitan Museum of America)

On the right side of this picture, there is a rectangular seal of "One Man in the World" with a cymbal "Imperial Book" on it. Whether it is the original of Song Huizong is still controversial. It is credible that the freehand brushwork of the cliff stone spine is attributed to Song Huizong; Bamboo branches and leaves are painted with thin lines and double hooks, and birds draw sketches and then dye silk wool. This method of painting can hardly be classified under the name of Song Huizong. The clumsy painting in the picture is different from Liu Yatu and Autumn Night in the Pond. Moreover, the fine paintings are better than Birds in Chimei Mountain and Five-color Parrot, especially the birds have a feeling of being clumsy. So the highlight of this photo may be Song Huizong's stunt. More likely, the painter painted bamboo branches and two birds, and Song Huizong painted cliff stone carvings. This kind of cooperation is quite common in the era of literati painting. A famous example is the background of Zhao Mengfu's supplement to Chen Lin's Xi Fu Tu (collected in the National Palace Museum), but it was unheard of in the Song Dynasty. Looking closely at the composition of this painting, we can see that the two birds with bamboo branches are almost completely separated from the cliff stone, lacking sufficient interpenetration, and the way in which bamboo branches grow from the cliff stone is very stiff, so it is possible to add the cliff stone after painting the two birds with bamboo branches. Perhaps this was a way of "imperial brushwork" at that time, but the works were rare and did not attract enough attention.

(Tao Zhu oriole roll? (6 1 160000 yuan, 65438+2005 10 month))

"Peach-Bamboo Oriole Scroll" is a long scroll about 1.5 meters long. There are five orioles in different modes on the screen, singing, listening, talking or jumping, accompanied by bamboo and peach blossoms. The whole picture is lifelike. More importantly, the inscription at the end of the scroll is an original of Song Huizong's "Thin Gold Body", and there is a picture of "the first person in the world". In addition, there are more than 40 seals such as "Sanxi Hall", "Treasure in Shiqu" and "Treasure in Imperial Study" embedded in the painting, as well as the imperial inscription of Emperor Qianlong. According to this, experts believe that this was once a collection of the Qing Palace. Compared with Sketch of Rare Birds, which was shot by Song Huizong for 25.3 million yuan a few years ago, the artistic value of Tao Zhu Oriole Volume is even more than that.