How did the ancients spend the winter without heating and air conditioning?

The ancients did not have modern electric heaters, and the main heating tools were braziers and stoves, among which fuming stoves, hand stoves and foot stoves should be the most commonly used heating tools in ancient China in winter.

The fuming furnace is actually a charcoal fire basin with a cover, which is divided into two parts. The lower part is the basin and the upper part is the cover, which is hollowed out to make a flower pattern. Palaces are generally made of copper with exquisite craftsmanship.

Folk use clay and iron. A hand stove is a small stove used to warm hands. The shape is exquisite and changeable, with charcoal or furnace ash with residual heat inside and a cover outside. You can even put it in your sleeve to warm your hands, which is also called "hand warmer" and "fire cage".

The foot stove is bigger than the hand stove. It is a flat bottle made of tin or copper, which contains hot water (a bit like a warm water bag now). Mainly used for licking feet, you can carry it with you or put it on the bed. This kind of stove is also called "Foot Lady" and "Soup". Firewall.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the fire wall came out. The interior of the wall is hollow and there is firewood in it. The whole house is warm after the walls are heated. Its derivative is a fire kang, which is owned by many families in Northeast China. Compared with kang, the heating of fire wall is more stereoscopic for indoor space, and the requirements for the structure of the wall are higher. Therefore, unreasonable indoor space, inadequate insulation of external maintenance structure and improper selection of firewall materials will all affect the comfort of the firewall.