Taking Confucius Thought as an example, this paper discusses the influence of China's excellent traditional culture on its own literacy.

Taking Confucius Thought as an example to discuss the influence of China's excellent traditional culture on its own accomplishment. 1. The role of Confucianism in the traditional culture of China.

Confucianism is the mainstream and important part of China's traditional culture, or China's mainstream culture, the mainstream of China's national spirit and the spiritual core of East Asian civilization. "If you know that its business is like a Buddha, you will see that its business is like a Tao, while the exhaustion of wisdom will open the source of its value and build the subject of its value as a Confucian."

This position of Confucianism was formed by history. More than 2,500 years ago, Confucius founded Confucianism, which was not created out of thin air, but an ideological and theoretical system formed by rethinking, carefully cleaning and reinterpreting the traditional cultural heritage handed down from three generations in China during the great social turmoil. Confucius advocated "loyalty to the ancient times", "love for the ancient times, and pursuit", which made Confucianism have a deep historical origin, and became the storer of the original classics in China and the master of the traditional culture in China at that time. Confucius attached great importance to on-the-spot investigation and adhered to the principles of "investigating knowledge and collecting information" and "gaining and losing due to reform", which made Confucianism have a prudent character of keeping pace with the times. In the era of the first great social change in China, the emergence of Confucianism highlighted the historical inevitability of the need to store, continue and develop China's traditional culture.

As the mainstream culture of China's traditional culture, Confucianism can only exist if it transcends a single national concept and ideology. On the one hand, he advocated "preventing summer" and attached importance to inspiring national spirit and patriotism. At the same time, he advocated national harmony and friendly coexistence with the broad mind of "those who are near enjoy it, and those who are far away come", which played a cohesive role in the formation and consolidation of the Chinese nation. Therefore, Confucianism has long been the spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation. "Confucianism is not a religion, but it can replace religion", which insists on a belief and dependence on Confucianism. The benign society and life advocated by Confucianism have had a far-reaching impact on the people of China and become the cultural and psychological foundation of the China world. Today, Confucian culture still has a cohesive force with profound national cultural identity, which plays an important role in the unity of the Chinese nation and country. It is precisely because Confucianism has avoided narrow national characteristics that it has laid the foundation for its going to the world and forming the Confucian cultural circle in East Asia.

In the pre-Qin period, primitive Confucianism, which was in the position of private school, laid the foundation for its long-term development. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "respected Confucianism alone" and Confucianism became an official school. By the Han Dynasty, it basically absorbed the learning of Taoism, Mohism, Ming, Fa and Yin and Yang since the pre-Qin period, expanded the scope of academic tolerance and became the ancestor of culture. Although its formation has not changed for more than two thousand years, the general direction is to strengthen the consciousness of feudal rule.

In a word, the dominant position of Confucian culture in China's traditional culture determines the development trend of China's traditional culture, and has always influenced the spiritual and moral orientation of China people, becoming the belief of China people.

Second, the embodiment of China's traditional cultural spirit in Confucianism.

China traditional culture is a relatively stable cultural form formed and developed by the Chinese nation in the ancient society of China, the crystallization of Chinese wisdom and the display of Chinese historical heritage in real life. This ideological system contains rich cultural and scientific spirit, which is reflected by the essence of Confucianism, mainly in the following three aspects:

1. China traditional culture studies cohesion. China traditional culture is a kind of culture with internal cohesion. The spirit of this culture is to pay attention to harmony, and organically link individuals with others, individuals with groups, and people with nature to form a cultural relationship. This is conducive to the formation of national cohesion. The Chinese nation has been influenced and inherited by the harmonious national character and spirit since ancient times. In the composition of comprehensive national strength in modern society, national cohesion, as a country's soft power, plays a key role in social development and reform. "Our Chinese nation is a mixture of clans, and the number of clans that have been integrated into the Chinese nation has been increasing throughout the ages, but the driving force of integration is China's long-standing traditional culture rather than force, and the method of integration is assimilation rather than conquest." All the people in China have his lofty ethical concept of "all men are brothers within the four seas", and together with the broad spirit of love, they are building a harmonious society. Confucianism has exerted great influence on China's national character, national spirit and the formation of a rational and harmonious society. It can be said that Confucian culture is an important part of China traditional culture. The harmonious consciousness in Confucian culture includes harmony between man and nature and harmony between people. Regarding the harmony of interpersonal relationships, Confucianism advocates the "golden mean", that is, "harmony without difference" and "going too far". Its essence is to emphasize the unity and balance of contradictions, to achieve the harmony of interpersonal relationships by grasping the changes of things, and to avoid and overcome the opposition and conflict between people, people and society, and even countries and nations. This fully embodies the scientific spirit of China's theory of traditional cultural cohesion.

2. China traditional culture is compatible. China traditional culture is not a closed system. Although China's foreign contacts were restricted in ancient times, it still achieved foreign compatibility with an open attitude, which was achieved by the Confucian spirit of "harmony without difference". While maintaining its academic tradition, Confucianism always integrates, absorbs and integrates the outstanding achievements of foreign cultures with me as the main body in the spirit of "harmony but difference". The strong absorption ability of Confucian culture and its strong assimilation ability complement each other, which better embodies the spirit of China's traditional culture.

3. China traditional culture is a practical knowledge. The essential feature of culture is to promote the humanization of nature and society. China's traditional culture highlights the Confucian style of study, based on the study of the relationship between man and nature, with the goal of self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world, and strives to realize its value in the real society. Practicing the world is the basic spirit of cultural science, and Confucianism is the embodiment and disseminator of this spirit.

Third, in China's traditional culture, "Confucianism governs the world."

"Treat the mind with Buddhism, the body with Taoism and the world with Confucianism". The special social function of Confucian culture in China traditional culture is obvious. In the feudal society of China for more than 2,000 years, Confucianism has always occupied an orthodox position in the field of official ideology, which has exerted a wide and profound influence on the official culture of China. "The traditional society of China with Confucianism as the core is full of the spirit of sub-progress, and it is a society that follows the ecological circle and inherits the tradition of our ancestors, which will be handed down from generation to generation". Tradition is authority, content with keeping, pursuing quietness and fearing change.

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Confucianism as orthodoxy, based on the landlord economy, land trading is quite free, and farmers are also quite free to rotate farming. However, it is impossible to create Shi Qing and Guan Shi's aristocratic status. Originally, through the control of knowledge and long-term monopoly, scholars were helped to become more professional or aristocratic.

"Ruling the world with Confucianism", China's traditional culture can be more firmly exerted politically. "Culture is a combination of material devices and all kinds of knowledge. People use equipment and knowledge to survive, and for a certain purpose, people have to change their culture. " The relationship between learning from the scriptures and political power has been fully reflected in the feudal literati in China, and "ruling the world with Confucianism" has become the choice of rulers and traditional literati. "Thinkers of an era, their words and deeds can be accepted by society, mainly because they reflect the general views in society. From Confucius and Mencius in the Western Han Dynasty to Dong Zhongshu, to metaphysics represented by the seven sages of bamboo forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties, to the theory of destiny of Tang and Han Yu, to Neo-Confucianism of Song and Zhu, and to Wang Yangming's theory of mind, all kinds of Confucian thoughts and opinions in Ming and Qing Dynasties reflected the rational transformation of Confucianism, making it used by the ruling class to achieve the purpose of "governing the world" and maintaining the rule.

The traditional culture of China, with Confucianism as the mainstream, can develop for five thousand years without interruption, because its core value has advanced cultural characteristics, penetration and vitality in humanization and humanization tendency, and has eternal universal value. I believe that with the joint efforts of the whole world, the traditional culture of China, represented by Confucianism, will shine with more brilliant hope, harmony and spiritual light in the future.

Fourth, summary.

China traditional culture is the theme of China culture, which has a long history and is profound. Confucian culture is the mainstream and an important part of China traditional culture, which is the relationship between blood and water, source and flow. Generally speaking, "respecting things, knowing, being honest, being upright, cultivating one's morality, keeping one's family in order, governing the country and calming the world" is to study the relationship between man and nature, clarify the way of cultivating one's morality, state the strategy of governing the country, seek common interests in the world, and finally realize the realm of harmony between man and nature. Confucianism occupies an extremely important position in the traditional culture of China. Confucianism embodies the spirit of China traditional culture. In the long historical development process, excellent Confucian cultural values have been formed. "Ruling the world with Confucianism" has been highly praised by the rulers of past dynasties. The need of reality urges people to choose the value of China's traditional culture, to better preserve, carry forward and inherit China's outstanding heritage with a historical perspective and the spirit of the times, to take its essence and discard its dross, and to strive for the future of China.

Taking Confucius' thought as an example, this paper talks about the relationship between tradition and contemporary. Confucius' thought of "benevolence" is a very rich concept, which occupies a very important position in Confucius' thought and has a very important influence on China society.

The original intention of "benevolence" is to be friendly to people or to hold a kind of sympathy, which developed into a theoretical and philosophical point of view from Confucius. The isomorphism of family and country based on national patriarchal clan system is a family world based on family blood relationship in the era of agricultural civilization. The spiritual thread parallel to this pedigree structure of family and world is a series of benevolence thoughts of Confucius. The core of this benevolence thought is "benevolence". Starting from this core, it is Confucius' "Benevolence loves others", and then "Filial piety is followed by filial piety", which is another essence and knot of Confucius' benevolence thought. Finally, he put forward "universal love" and completed the basic construction of benevolence thought.

In Confucius' view, only by respecting parents and brothers at home can the subjective ideal of "benevolence" extend from family to society and be "loved by all". Moreover, "he is also filial, and few people are prone to make mistakes." It can be seen that the purpose of Confucius' thought of benevolence is to maintain the order and survival foundation of slave countries. Finally, Confucius drew a full stop for the new spiritual line of his benevolence thought. He said, "self-denial, the world is benevolent." In order to "return benevolence to the world", he also put forward the method of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and regarded it as "the way of loyalty and forgiveness" Starting from "benevolence" to "returning to benevolence" is obviously a perfect spiritual realm that Confucius thinks.

According to Confucius' view that "the benevolent loves others", the basic meaning of benevolence should be to respect and love others. Specifically, we should acknowledge the existence of human beings, respect their personality, and have clear humanistic consciousness and behavior. Confucius' thought of "benevolence" emphasizes the obligation of human relations and hopes that everyone will be honest and conscientious. In this way, in dealing with people, we must strive to achieve "if you want to establish yourself, you can achieve it" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you." Confucius used "love" to explain benevolence, as the fundamental symbol of benevolence. He not only hopes to deal with the relationship between people with the spirit of "benevolence", but also hopes to manage the country and the country with the principle of "benevolence". If everyone in the society can be kind and have a caring heart, then it is not difficult to realize a society that respects the elderly and is orderly.

As a social ideology, Confucius' thought is naturally based on the in-depth thinking of social problems at that time, and so is his thought of benevolence. What Confucius thought was how to stabilize society and make politics clear. Therefore, on the political level, Confucius' thought of benevolence naturally leads to the thought of benevolent governance and rule by virtue, thus establishing a moral theoretical system with benevolence as the core, emphasizing the central position of benevolence among the important virtues such as wisdom, benevolence and courage, and taking the virtues of respect, kindness, sincerity, generosity and agility as the signs of realizing benevolence.

Several thinkers after Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and Xunzi have made important progress in benevolence. In particular, Mencius developed Confucius' thought of benevolence into the theory of "benevolent government", which had a great influence on later generations. Mencius regarded "compassion" as "the end of benevolence". Mencius saw the conscience and kindness of life, the pity and sympathy that people have, and then regarded benevolence as the fundamental basis of human beings. So Mencius said, "Without compassion, people are not people." A moral person is a person who has stored the innate kindness. Only with benevolence can he be kind to others.

After Mencius established the idea of benevolence as the basis of human nature theory, he pushed the spirit of benevolence to politics, thus producing his theory of benevolent governance. Mencius thought: "Everyone has a heart that can't bear others" and "can't bear others' heart and do things that can't bear others", which is Mencius' theory of benevolent governance. In his view, benevolence and inhumanity should be the foundation of governing the country. Historical experience has repeatedly proved that those who practice benevolent policies win the world, and those who lose benevolent policies lose the world. It is still possible for an unkind person to get the country, and "an unkind person will get nothing in the world". To unify the world and win the support of the people all over the world, it is absolutely impossible without benevolent government.

After Qin and Han Dynasties, Confucius and Mencius' thought of benevolence not only had a positive impact, but also continued to develop under the practice and elaboration of later generations.

The lesson of Qin's sudden death brought too much thought to the rulers in the early Han Dynasty. When the smoke and dust of the war cleared away, politicians and thinkers in the early Han Dynasty had to seriously sum up the lessons of Qin's death. Therefore, Lu Jia wrote Xin Yu, arguing that Qin's "haste to punish" and ignorance of enlightenment were the important reasons for the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty. Jia Yi's words in On Qin hit the nail on the head, that is, "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the offensive and defensive trends are different", which had a certain influence on politics in the early Han Dynasty.

In the face of the grim reality that everything needs to be done, the rulers in the early Han Dynasty had to adopt the Huang Lao thought of "governing by doing nothing". They saw the characteristics of Confucianism, which is "hard to make progress, but can be kept" and "the gift of the monarch, the minister and the father, the difference between the old and the young". Therefore, after the economy developed to a certain extent, they chose Confucianism to consolidate the feudal ruling order and maintain social ethics.

The rulers of the Han dynasty used Confucianism, but it was not specialized Confucianism, and it could not be separated from some opinions of other schools. For example, the legalist thought of "respecting the monarch and restraining the ministers" was welcomed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Learning in Han Dynasty is a comprehensive learning. Thinkers at that time confused Confucianism with law to varying degrees, and benevolence and justice were juxtaposed with law and punishment. This is reflected in the policy of the Han dynasty, that is, the combination of rule of law and rule of virtue, "both punishment and morality." Xuan Di, the "Renaissance Master" of the Western Han Dynasty, admitted: "The Han family has its own system, which is a mixture of hegemony and kingliness." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "Different people have different opinions. Although they have many desires in their hearts, for the sake of the long-term stability of the country, they still have to suppress themselves and implement kingly, morally and benevolent policies.

Under the current socialist market economy, the economy continues to develop rapidly, but social morality declines, money worship and individualism prevail, and people generally lack a sense of spiritual belonging. Through the study of benevolence, it is beneficial to rebuild China's social morality and strengthen the personal cultivation of contemporary people. In addition, the great cause of the reunification of the motherland remains unresolved, and global environmental pollution is increasing day by day. To solve these problems, the essence of Confucius' thought of benevolence is also a good medicine.

Please talk about the traditional culture of China represented by Confucius' thought. China culture should hold Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and Confucius is the most influential one!

Strictly speaking, the culture of the Chinese nation is the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The ancients said that "red flowers, white lotus roots and green lotus leaves, the three religions are one family", which is what it means. According to the south teacher, * * * has formed a cultural structure similar to the pyramid:

1, Confucian culture is Taki, which constitutes the basic content of the Chinese nation. The core idea is "learn things, be knowledgeable, cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's sexuality", that is, almost all parents say: "Son, you should study hard, find a good job in the future and be a useful person to society". So Confucianism is similar to diet. You will die if you don't eat or drink.

2. Taoist culture is a tower, and its core idea is "advocating nature and governing by doing nothing". This "inaction" is not inaction, nor inaction, but conforms to the laws of nature and pays attention to the induction between man and nature and karma. So Taoist thought is similar to hospital. If you are ill, you should go to the hospital. You should not only find out the cause, but also find a prescription to correct it.

3. Buddhist culture is the top of the tower, and the core idea is to "see nature clearly, get rid of life and death, and transcend reincarnation". In modern words, "it's time to consider spiritual things after eating and drinking enough"; Or "people who meet material needs will inevitably have spiritual needs." The wind of belief in today's society has entered a new climax. The biggest reason is that people find themselves full of food and drink, but they still feel unhappy, so they start to look for reasons from the spiritual level! Therefore, Buddhism is similar to a supermarket. I feel happy when I don't have the money to go shopping, rub the air conditioner and look at the products. Buy small things if you have small money. Buy a big one if you have money. You will get what you need and what you want.

Therefore, for the Chinese nation, Confucius, Laozi and Sakyamuni have the greatest influence.

How to treat the feudal thought of China traditional culture represented by Confucius thought? Take the essence and discard the dross.

On the Influence of China's Traditional Culture on China Based on my investigation, there is not much difference between China's folk thought and literati thought, but it is slightly different in thickness and literary field. I think it is a little different from the concept of male-dominated society, but it is divorced from the vagrant culture of male-dominated society. These vagrant cultures are not created according to any theory, but spontaneously produced according to their life experiences and living conditions. This idea can't be called a theory, but it shows a state of mind and mentality, which is reflected in popular literature, such as Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Even after the modification and adaptation by traditional literati, it is still very different from the mainstream society. For example, "Water Margin" uses story images to express "rebellion is justified", which is unacceptable to mainstream society in any case. The unique ideology of Water Margin is manifested in some words it creates. These seemingly simple words are actually loaded with a certain ideology and affect the audience. For example, the word "doing justice for heaven" was originally coined in the Water Margin and has never been used before. Concepts such as "Heaven" and "King" in Taiping Jing have become Taoist traditions. Zhu Yuanzhang won the world because of his low background, and added a "epoch-making" to his title, indicating that he was helpless. Never do justice for heaven, this is a great creation of the story of Water Margin. Do justice for heaven and put the initiative in the hands of the rebels. This is crucial. Advance can rebel and seize the world, retreat can assist, support and help the emperor take the right path. The concept of "doing justice for heaven" should be said to be told to the common people in the Water Margin, and it is a weapon that the lower class can use when they resist the rulers. Later, the people at the bottom rose to revolt, and "doing good for the sky" became a banner they often used. Outlaws of the Marsh and Romance of the Three Kingdoms have created a series of words such as "Three sworn relationships in Taoyuan", "Brothers are like brothers, and wives are like clothes", "loyalty", "forcing Liangshan", "gathering righteousness" and "saving money to be loyal". Ideas are more told to people through words and words. When a word goes deep into the hearts of ordinary people, it becomes a very rich concept, which is associated with feelings, pursuits and even some ideas. So as long as they are rebels, Shuihu and the Three Kingdoms have given them a lot of support, given them courage, and told them how to defend their actions and win the support of more people. Teach them the strategies of struggle (political and military) and so on. It should be said that China's popular literature works had a great influence on the development of social movements.

In addition, opera and quyi have a greater influence. Ah Q can't even draw a circle, but he can sing Long Hudou. This story tells how Zhao Kuangyin and his sworn brother Zheng Ziming conquered the world. Although the evidence that Zhao Kuangyin is a wanderer is not sufficient, he is not a stable clan after all. Later storytellers and playwrights compiled a series of stories about his growth and prosperity. These stories are very close to the life of tramps and are deeply loved by the lower classes. Even people like ah q can sing.

In the Qing Dynasty, a historian named Qian Daxin (majoring in Ming history) said that the influence of novel teaching far exceeded that of the three religions (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism).

Tian Lei: When you analyzed the group characteristics of tramps, you listed several group characteristics of tramps: one of them was "* * * naked brutality and brutality". However, what can better reflect this assertion in your book is the brutal description in the Water Margin; The other is the cruelty of tramps when they rebel. However, even the cruel episode of Song Wu's killing of Pan Jinlian in Water Margin wrote that Song Wu first looked for the government, but the government ignored it, and then called the neighboring countries to hold a public trial meeting before he executed Pan Jinlian. Is there a restraint mechanism for homeless behavior in traditional ethics? In addition, it is because the Water Margin and the Three Kingdoms have a deep influence on ancient secret societies. Underworld used to be loyal, but according to China Newsweek and some media reports, there are underworld gangs in China now, and their methods are even more cruel. With your research experience, what's the difference between the underworld now and the past?

Wang Xuetai: It should be said that tramps are not born with barbarism. The punishment in ancient China was very cruel. There are essential differences between ancient punishment and today's punishment. Now, apart from the most severe punishment, other punishments mainly restrict prisoners' freedom of movement, which is the basic concept of modern punishment. However, in ancient times, the punishment was basically physical punishment, and few prisons held prisoners for a long time. Corporal punishment is to harm the prisoner's body, and the death penalty is also cruel. This cruel culture has educated the bottom people, and when the bottom people resist, they also "deal with a man as he deals with you." This cruel culture has affected the whole society, and even swearing words include "killing thousands of knives" and so on. Cruelty is cultivated in this atmosphere, and it cannot be said that tramps are particularly cruel. Because they have many opportunities to resist and show, they give people the impression that tramps are particularly cruel.

There are great differences between modern underworld and ancient tramp organizations. After all, the organization of ancient vagrants has experienced hundreds of years of organizational norms and is deeply influenced by popular culture. In addition, the social background of ancient vagrants was patriarchal society, and they also came from patriarchal society. We say that they are divorced from the patriarchal society, which is based on their general tendency. Specifically, it is impossible for everyone to completely cut off the spiritual connection with the patriarchal society, and pure tramps do not exist. Some concepts in the patriarchal society will still be useful, such as the concept of "loyalty", and vagrants will still exist, but they are often not loyal to the emperor, but to the organization and the "big brother" in the organization. For example, heaven and earth will be obviously anti-Qing, and their purpose is to fight against Qing and regain sight. But the concept of "loyalty" is borrowed from Confucianism.

The most important thing in tramp culture is loyalty, which has obvious gang nature. "Righteousness" is the most vague traditional moral concept, and different schools have different understandings of this word. Confucianism says that justice and interests are separated, but the loyalty of vagrants is interests. The so-called "loyalty" is essentially giving money. Song Jiang met Li Kui jy for the first time and gave him 200 taels of silver. Li Kui jy thought you AE was helpful. Loyalty has a great influence on homeless people, and most people can abide by it.

Nowadays, gangs involved in gangs are primitive in ideas and organizational forms, and some superficial ideas learned from martial arts novels may not necessarily penetrate into the hearts of every gang. They mainly pursue their own immediate interests. It is necessary to crack down on these black gangs and stop this tendency.

Would you please tell us what attitude we should take towards the traditional culture of China represented by Confucius? Take the essence and discard the dross.

Look at it with a dialectical attitude.

The influence of Confucius' thought has a great influence on China people in later generations.

"Rites", as the moral norms and living standards of the patriarchal clan system and the autocratic farming society in China, have played an important role in the cultivation of the spiritual quality of the Chinese nation. On the one hand, "courtesy" promotes the improvement of personal moral quality, and at the same time, it also promotes the coordination of family ethical relations, forming family ethical relations unique to China, such as fatherhood, filial piety, respect for the elderly and love for the young, unity and harmony. But at the same time, it also formed the three cardinal guides and five permanents, three obedience and four virtues, and so on. This kind of moral cultivation and family ethics formed through self-cultivation and family harmony has gradually accumulated into a unique traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.

"Rites", as the moral norms and living standards of the patriarchal clan system and the autocratic farming society in China, have played an important role in the cultivation of the spiritual quality of the Chinese nation. On the one hand, "courtesy" promotes the improvement of personal moral quality, and at the same time, it also promotes the coordination of family ethical relations, forming family ethical relations unique to China, such as fatherhood, filial piety, respect for the elderly and love for the young, unity and harmony. But at the same time, it also formed the three cardinal guides and five permanents, three obedience and four virtues, and so on. This kind of moral cultivation and family ethics formed through self-cultivation and family harmony has gradually accumulated into a unique traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.

External:

Confucius has been a mystery to many westerners since ancient times.

Since the 1960s, Europe has known this famous China.

Thinkers and philosophers. Confucius is the most influential in China's philosophy.

A representative of loud power, he shines with wisdom and philosophy of life.

It not only runs through China culture, but also spreads to western countries.

And has had an important influence on western philosophy and culture.

50 points ~ wait online! Looking at Confucius' thoughts and Confucius' influence on China culture, it can be summarized as: (1) the needs of the Spring and Autumn Period. (2) the accumulation of history and culture. (3) the sublimation of life practice. The characteristics of Confucius' ideological system can be summarized as follows: 1. Benevolence; 2. Doctrine of the Mean; 3. Etiquette; 4. Benevolence. Confucius' theory is benevolence, which comes from humanitarianism. Its main content is to inherit the thought of respecting morality and protecting the people since the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Rite" is the direct source of Confucius' thought of etiquette. Confucius' ceremony is the way to govern the country, while the small one is the ceremony to treat others; The omnipresent doctrine of the mean is the philosophical method of Confucius' theory, the core content of Confucius' materialism and the typical application of dialectics in Confucius' thought. Great Harmony is an important part of Confucius' thought, which endows Confucius with lofty political ideals and is the ultimate goal of Confucius' official career. Although Confucius' military thought is not systematic, it is still very valuable. In order to make Lu invincible, Confucius put forward a famous national policy of combining "literature" with "martial arts". Confucius attached great importance to the education and training of the army and put forward the proposition that "not teaching the people to fight is abandoning the people", which is not only correct in theory, but also effective in practice. Confucius also put forward "having enough food and raising enough soldiers", which is the center of his military and political thought. He also advocates "courage", and the so-called "righteousness" is actually a certain political viewpoint. It can be considered that he has begun to attach importance to political and ideological education in running the army. He also put forward the idea of "conquering from the son of heaven", which also has certain positive significance in the history of ancient military thought.

Confucius was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there are 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints. Confucius led his disciples around the world 14 years. Confucius is also an ancient literature collator. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi as Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations. Confucius supported economic reforms aimed at improving people's lives and reducing people's burdens. His series of economic views, such as: make people eat enough, get rich first, teach later, be generous, save love and so on. All of them surpassed his predecessors and objectively reflected some demands of the people. The main aspects of his economic thought have had a far-reaching impact on the formulation of economic policies and the formation of world economic concepts by economic reformers and thinkers in past dynasties.

Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude.

Lutz asked, "Where's Sven?" Confucius said, "With my father and brother around, how can I smell and act?"

You Ran asked, "Where is Sven?" Confucius said, "Si Wen must do it."

Gong Xihua said, "I also asked Wen Si what he did, and Confucius said there were' fathers and brothers';

Asked xing, Confucius said' Si Wenxing'. Red is also confused, dare to ask. "

Confucius said, "Seek to retreat, so advance; Because I am also a person, I retired. "

Lutz and You Ran asked Confucius the same question: Should they do it as soon as they heard a good idea? Confucius gave different answers to different people. He said to Luz: My father and brother are at home, so you should ask them first. How can you do it at once? But for You Ran, it must be done at once. Gong Xihua, who stood by, couldn't figure it out and asked Confucius why. Confucius enlightened and said: Ran is afraid of things, so encourage him; Lutz was reckless, so he restrained it.

Concrete analysis of specific problems, aiming at the different characteristics of different things, adopt different methods to solve contradictions. Confucius' teaching thought of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude has a great influence on the history of education in China.

Once, when he returned to his study after class, Gong Xihua, a student, brought him a glass of water. At this time, Luz rushed in and asked the teacher loudly, "Teacher, if I hear a correct idea, can I do it at once?"

Confucius looked at Luz and said slowly, "You must always ask your father and brother, right?" What did you hear? "

Just after Luz went out, another student, Ran Youyou, quietly walked up to Confucius and respectfully asked, "Sir, if I hear the right idea, should I implement it immediately?"

Confucius immediately replied, "Yes, it should be implemented immediately."

After You Ran left, Gong Xihua asked strangely, "Sir, why is your answer to the same question the opposite?"

Confucius said with a smile: "Ran is modest and indecisive, and I encourage him to be decisive when he is in trouble, but he is brave and competitive, and he is not thorough in doing things. I advise him to listen to other people's opinions and think twice before acting."

Review the past and learn the new.

Review the past and learn the new, you can be a teacher "("The Analects of Confucius? For politics ")

On the influence of Taoist thought on China's traditional culture and national character