What are the fertilization methods for field crops?

Fertilization methods for field crops are as follows:

1. According to fertilization period

(1) Fertilization before sowing combined with soil ploughing is called base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is mainly based on basic application. Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are generally applied to soil in the form of base fertilizer. Partial basal application of nitrogen fertilizer. Trace fertilizer can be applied on this basis.

(2) Seed application and fertilization at the same time are called seed application. Because of the problem of burning seeds and seedlings, fertilizers with high salt index are rarely planted. Except for phosphate fertilizer with low salt index, attention should be paid to the amount and location of fertilizer when applying other fertilizers to avoid losses. Plant and apply micro-fertilizers frequently.

(3) Topdressing Fertilization during crop growth and development is called topdressing. Topdressing is usually based on nitrogen fertilizer. Micro-fertilizer is usually applied by topdressing.

2. According to the horizontal distribution of fertilizer in the field

(1) points are applied to the field surface, and fertilizer is applied into the points. Point fertilization is usually used to feed crops on demand.

(2) Apply a strip to open a narrow ditch in the field and apply chemical fertilizer in the narrow ditch. Strip fertilization is often used in drilling grassland.

(3) applying fertilizer to the field surface to form a wide-band groove, and applying the fertilizer into the wide-band groove. Seed fertilizer is often used in strip sown grassland. (4) Apply the fertilizer evenly to the field. Spreading is often used for base fertilizer and sowing grassland fertilization.

3. According to the vertical distribution of fertilizer in the field.

(1) Deep application Apply fertilizer to the deep soil below 15㎝. Organic fertilizer and coarse fertilizer are often applied deeply. In order to reduce volatilization loss, the basic application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is often applied deeply.

(2) Shallow application: apply chemical fertilizer to the shallow soil within 15㎝. Seed fertilizer and topdressing are applied shallower. In order to reduce leaching loss, nitrate nitrogen is usually applied shallowly.

(3) Surface application: Apply fertilizer to the soil surface. Topdressing is usually used for perennial grassland. It is best to apply solid fertilizer to the surface by rainfall or irrigation.

(4) Apply fertilizer evenly to all layers of soil. Basic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer with poor fluidity are usually applied evenly.

(5) Fertilizing the surface of the stem and leaf of the plant. Micro-fertilizers are usually applied by foliar spraying. A large number of elements are sometimes topdressing in this way.

4. According to the form of fertilization.

(1) Fixed fertilizer is applied to the field in solid form. At present, solid application is the main application in China.

(2) Liquid fertilizer is applied to fields in liquid form. Some parts of China have the habit of applying organic fertilizers such as human excrement and urine. Liquid fertilizer includes liquid ammonia, ammonia water, nitrogen solution and liquid mixed fertilizer made by mixing nitrogen solution with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The production process of liquid fertilizer is simple and the cost is low; Uniformly distributed in the soil, which can control the amount of fertilization more accurately; Can be mixed with a variety of pesticides and herbicides to complete fertilization, spraying, weeding and other operations at one time; However, the requirements for storage, transportation and fertilization facilities are higher.

5. According to the types of fertilizers applied, it can be divided into single application and mixed application.

(1) Apply only one fertilizer at a time. Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is often applied alone.

(2) Two or more fertilizers are mixed and applied at one time. Basic fertilizer, liquid fertilizer and micro-fertilizer are often mixed.