Modern Development of Silk

1980 to 1990 in the decade, China's raw silk production rose from 36,000 tons to 57,000 tons, an increase of 1.58 times; the production of silk fabrics increased more than two times; silk fabrics consumption also grew from 400 million meters to 1.22 billion meters, an increase of about three times; exports of raw silk accounted for more than 80% of the world trade in raw silk, satin also accounted for more than 50% up and down, China re Won the dominant position in the world silk market, the silk industry has become the country's foreign exchange pillar industries, the completion of a more complete silk industry system, silk products are marketed in more than 100 countries and regions.

With the continuous progress of China's silk industry technology level, the pace of scientific and technological innovation has also been accelerated, especially computers, e-commerce platforms and modern information processing to obtain a full range of full use. The most typical example is that the popularization of computers makes the reeling process completely eliminated along the centuries-old vertical reeling car, and thus to a large extent to enhance the silk industry, the level of automatic reeling.

Foreign silk imported equipment commonly used computer program control. From market information to the product pattern, color, fabric structure design, from reeling to silk weaving, printing and dyeing and other areas of production and management can be found in the figure of the computer. The use of computer monitoring and auxiliary means, can fully realize the small batch, multi-species business model. Mechatronics has become the main feature of the development of international spinning machine, almost all jacquard machine and large round machine have been installed electronic jacquard device.

Silk processing equipment in China and the world is still facing the problem of how to successfully solve the combination of ancient and modern, the combination of tradition and innovation, inheritance and pioneering combination of process and technology, electronics and weaving combination of printing and dyeing and environmental protection, quality and efficiency of the combination of the development and ecological combination of varieties and practicality of the combination of adapted to match the high-speed weft rate, the positive type of sending the warp, quick shaft change, novel openings

Weaving machinery with high-speed weft rate, positive warp feed, quick shaft change, novel opening type, ultra-wide loom width, programmable, intelligent control, microelectronics technology and high automation level, including modern warping technology integrating machine, electricity, liquid and gas, and other pre-processing equipment, as well as micro-suspension dyeing, digital printing process, bio-enzyme treatment and plasma processing and other finishing devices.

Which, the reliability of silk production equipment is the key, reliability is the crux of the gap between domestic equipment and foreign advanced level. Currently, domestic textile equipment in the domestic sales of only about 10,000 units. But according to conservative estimates, China's textile industry, the annual demand for textile equipment is as high as 2-3 million units.

In the field of raw material applications, China's scientific research has made remarkable achievements, such as the translation of the genome of the silkworm genome, successfully cultivated natural color cocoons; overcome the automatic reeling vacuum penetration cocoon cooking technology; fully grasp the silk fiber ultrastructure; for the formation of forced traction of the family silk stretching properties of in-depth research and obtain results; silk by-products of silk extraction of silk glue and silk pigment to get Promotion and application; successful development of Chad / mulberry elastic silk and textured elastic silk and other silk differentiated textile materials; electronic spinning method for the preparation of functional nanofibers of silk pigment; silk with environmentally friendly new dyeing and chemical materials and auxiliaries and supporting processes have come out.

Textile structure, anti-wrinkle, anti-shrinkage, anti-color fading and other difficult aspects of the silk has achieved milestones in the conquest, and applied to the heavyweight silk, silk georgette, simulated silk chemical fiber silk, computer embroidery velvet, etc., so that the added value of the product multiplied.

Silk textile technology composite also continues to make progress, mainly in: chemical fiber composite technology and processing technology; natural fibers blended with each other composite; natural fibers and chemical fibers between the composite; a variety of functional finishing composite; a variety of fabrics composite, such as double-layer adhesive composite, inlaid splicing composite, sandwich-type composite, and so on.

Chinese silk industry advantages and gaps exist. China's silk export enterprises mainly to the volume of growth to compete for international market share, to a certain extent, exacerbated the domestic silk market price confusion. Due to the export price decline over the years, and today's silk and its silk export prices are only equivalent to 50-60% of a decade ago. In fact, China's silk and silk exports for a long time trapped in the volume of price fall in the circle. Although China's silk industry has a very good supply of raw materials production and favorable conditions, but in the international community has not been a high degree of visibility and market share of the brand, the international objective evaluation of China's silk is still lagging in China's blank silk only after the Italian post-processing or after the French finishing process, can be honored in the ranks of the high-grade fashion apparel.

To this end, since 2002, the China Silk Association began to focus on the approval of the registration of high-grade silk mark. On this basis, in 2004, the domestic silk industry will be five brands of silk products as China's famous brand, as well as granting the first seventeen enterprises the right to use high-grade silk logo. The implementation and promotion of high-grade silk logo, indicating that the products of Chinese silk enterprises are entering a new period of sublimation from cheap low-grade products to the field of high-end industry chain.

In 2010, the national mulberry area reached 12.031 million mu, cocoon production of 649,000 tons, raw silk production of 162,000 tons, respectively, compared with 2005, an increase of 3.7%, 5.4% and 30.4%. "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's average annual cocoon production has stabilized at about 650,000 tons, silk and silk products total output of more than 120,000 tons, sericulture economic income of more than 20 billion yuan, the total output value of the silk industry of more than 200 billion yuan, silk exports of real silk goods to remain at more than 3.5 billion U.S. dollars. By 2015, cocoon baking and silk dyeing and printing areas of energy consumption per unit of added value than the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" at the end of the reduction of more than 20%, silk industry per unit of added value of water consumption by more than 30%, reeling enterprises to achieve zero sewage discharge, cocoon and silk solid waste utilization rate increased to more than 80%. First, industrial restructuring to change the pattern of silk production

1, cocoon silk production gradient shift

From the total amount of China, India, Brazil, Vietnam, Thailand and other developing countries to develop rapidly, while Italy, France, Japan, South Korea and other developed countries have declined sharply.

2, silk production tends to be multipolar

The world's silk production of 65 countries and regions, of which there is a certain scale of nearly 40, in the world's silk production occupies a certain position in the l0 or so. As the world's largest Chinese silk industry, cocoon annual output of 440,000 tons, the highest year had reached as much as 700,000 tons, accounting for about 70% of the world's total output. India's rapid development of cocoon and silk production, has replaced Japan as the world's second largest silk producer. Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil, Malaysia and other countries also attach great importance to the silk industry investors, has taken a series of measures to promote the development of their silk industry.

Second, scientific and technological innovation to guide the trend of silk consumption

1. Production technology-intensive

Japanese researchers developed aseptic silk production technology, the development of tofu dregs as the main ingredient of the low-cost artificial feed, breaking the thousands of years of sericulture seasonal production pattern, and the production of cocoons with a good degree of whiteness, high rate of silk can be directly reeling and other advantages. At the same time, the world's advanced technology with the production of "cloned silkworms", and gene transplantation technology, new protein materials, artificial spray spinning silk and so on endless, will replace the traditional cocoon production methods.

In terms of industrial production, Japan, Germany, Italy, South Korea and other developed countries to take advantage of its comprehensive scientific and technological advantages, in the deep processing of silk products continue to innovate in technology, in the international market in a leading position. The United States, Switzerland, two class teeth in the filament fiber raw materials, silk technology and equipment development with strong strength, leading the 21st century silk new technology trends. Many countries in addition to retaining part of the traditional process, the production process continues to evolve to the direction of technology-intensive, to automation, high-speed, electronic direction.

2. Diversification of silk products

International silk new technology development trend is to take industrial use, decorative, military, cosmetic, medical and other fields go hand in hand. Japan, Italy, the United States and other advanced silk-producing countries, in the comprehensive utilization of silk and other aspects of the research made a major breakthrough. Such as very fine, extra coarse fiber varieties of silkworms, silk in the edible, cosmetics, medicine and other fields of application development is in a leading position. Japanese companies also use cocoons and silk development of automotive decorative materials, contact lenses, artificial skin and so on. At the same time, silk, human silk, synthetic fiber multifaceted fusion, a variety of raw materials, blending, covering, etc., so that the types of fibers more rich and colorful.

3. Taking performance fashion

Silk products from fabrics, textures, patterns, styles are closely linked with clothing trends. Silk science and technology sector of the newly developed elastic fiber, TenceI fiber, silk invisible printing, silk artwork, etc. are on behalf of the silk industry fashion, popularity and environmental trends. Such as silk and cashmere blended knitwear in the international market, the blended silk and cashmere greatly improve the function of knitted fashion, become highly favored by Western Europe, North America, the customer's favorite fashion new favorite. New functional silk fabric technology research and development has made a major breakthrough, in line with the international market silk product diversification, composite, fashionable trend of development, and promote the renewal of silk products.

Three, crowded market intensified competition in the silk trade

With the increase in world population, silk industry structure adjustment and technological innovation, coupled with the deepening of people's understanding of the real silk natural products, silk consumption will continue to grow steadily. However, with the integration of the global economy and China's accession to the WTO, silk market competition will become increasingly fierce.

1. Silk trade barriers to limit fair competition

From the textile industry as a whole, silk exports of trade barriers are relatively few, the export environment is more relaxed, but the same has been subject to quotas, tariffs and other trade barriers. At the same time, due to the impact of textile trade barriers, real silk cotton, hemp and other textile raw materials interwoven cross-product exports have been greatly restricted. The European Union and the United States is the main sales market of Chinese silk, in order to resist a large number of low-priced Chinese silk and silk apparel imports, to avoid the impact on the silk distribution industry, the European Union and the United States in 1994, the successive imports of Chinese silk and apparel quota restrictions. 1998, Europe and the United States, although some of the Chinese silk products have been canceled quota, but still the implementation of certain restrictions. Japan to protect their own interests, the import of Chinese silk products set the most restrictions. With the international market silk and linen, silk and cotton blended textile clothing popular, textile quota restrictions on silk clothing to expand the product and market space is becoming more and more obvious.

2. Countries have crowded the international silk market

Silk consumption across the globe, China and Brazil is the world silk market cocoons and raw silk main export supplier, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Thailand is the world's main export supplier of silk fabrics, China, Japan and South Korea is also the world's silk market, the main export supplier of silk clothing. France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Hong Kong, China, almost no silk industry, mainly through the import of raw silk and satin and other raw materials after deep processing to supply domestic and foreign consumption. The United States, Australia, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and some countries in North America directly imported silk products for domestic consumption. With the recovery and growth of the world economy, countries have aimed at the global silk market, efforts to expand their silk exports. India, Vietnam and other silk-producing countries, the rise and development, will further squeeze the international market share. South Korea, Italy, Germany and other countries to take advantage of its scientific and technological advantages, from China, Japan, Brazil, cocoon silk raw materials imported, processed and then exported to the United States and other developed countries, China's silk clothing exports have become the most powerful competitors. China's silk line has developed rapidly, silk production has ranked first in the world, of which cocoon silk and satin can dominate the international market production and price trends. Industry is mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, the two provinces, Shandong, Anhui, Sichuan, different regional synergies between industries to be enhanced. "Eleventh Five-Year" period, China's silk industry output scale and sales scale have achieved substantial growth. By accelerating structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, stabilizing the traditional export market, and actively open up the domestic market, production and sales continue to improve, the industry's operating quality and efficiency improved significantly, the development of stable, good momentum.

Healthy, functional, personalized silk products demand continues to increase, you can see that the underlying advantages of silk fiber is gradually being re-recognized by modern people. With a population of 1.3 billion silk domestic market is a huge potential for development.

While China's silk trade accounted for 80% of the world, but the proportion of exports fell from 3.4% in 1985 to 0.19% in 2011, which shows that China is a silk country but not necessarily a silk power. China is the world's largest silk production and exporting country, China's raw silk production accounted for more than 70% of the world's total output, exports accounted for more than 80% of the world's total trade volume. Improve the technological content of silk products, the development of new silk products to meet the emerging consumer demand is the inevitable trend of future growth in international silk consumption.

China's cocoon and silk industry development momentum. 2010, the national mulberry area of 12.031 million mu, cocoon production of 649,000 tons, 152,000 tons of raw silk production, respectively, compared with 2005, an increase of 3.7%, 5.4% and 30.4%.